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Cell Unit Test Review Answer Sheet
Cell Unit Test Review Answer Sheet

... Nucleus or membrane bound organelles 2. If a cell has a nucleus it is a: Eukaryote 3. Viruses are non living but are exceptions to the cell theory because they have: They contain genetic material (nucleic acid) 4. How do you prevent the spread of a virus? Vaccination 5. Define organelle? Structure w ...
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... transferring the nucleus from the cell of an adult sheep into the cytoplasm of an eunucleated fertilized egg. The egg was then transplanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother where it developed like a normal zygote into a lamb, which grew into a ...
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Genomic_DNA - McMaster Chemistry
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Transformation (genetics)



In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (exogenous DNA) from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane(s). Transformation occurs naturally in some species of bacteria, but it can also be effected by artificial means in other cells. For transformation to happen, bacteria must be in a state of competence, which might occur as a time-limited response to environmental conditions such as starvation and cell density.Transformation is one of three processes by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into a bacterial cell, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact) and transduction (injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host bacterium).""Transformation"" may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells, including animal and plant cells; however, because ""transformation"" has a special meaning in relation to animal cells, indicating progression to a cancerous state, the term should be avoided for animal cells when describing introduction of exogenous genetic material. Introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells is often called ""transfection"".
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