PDF Mynark - American Kinesiology Association
... Since the motoneuron acts primarily as an integrator of the excitatory and inhibitory input presented to it, changes in the output of the motoneuron with age may result not only from the structural properties of the cell itself but also from changes to the input patterns impacting upon the motoneuro ...
... Since the motoneuron acts primarily as an integrator of the excitatory and inhibitory input presented to it, changes in the output of the motoneuron with age may result not only from the structural properties of the cell itself but also from changes to the input patterns impacting upon the motoneuro ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
... types in the forebrain requires the creation of distinct antero-posterior and dorsoventral progenitor domains by the coordinated activity of several morphogenetic centers (Marı́n & Rubenstein 2002, Wilson & Rubenstein 2000). The induction of specific transcription factors in different progenitor dom ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... different cases (see Fig. 1). Two of them (C255 and C258) comprised the main portion of the paramedian lobule area of termination (the posterior part of this lobule, pars copularis) completely. In one of these (C255), the termination area in the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was also covered. ...
... different cases (see Fig. 1). Two of them (C255 and C258) comprised the main portion of the paramedian lobule area of termination (the posterior part of this lobule, pars copularis) completely. In one of these (C255), the termination area in the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was also covered. ...
ANS: c, p. 42, F, LO=2.1, (1)
... 1. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. a) occipital; lobitical b) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c) occipital; Schwann d) oligodendrocytes; lobitical 2. ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, ...
... 1. Two types of glial cells, called __________ and ___________, generate myelin. a) occipital; lobitical b) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c) occipital; Schwann d) oligodendrocytes; lobitical 2. ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, ...
A Lipid Gate for the Peripheral Control of Pain
... Cells in injured and inflamed tissues produce a number of proalgesic lipid-derived mediators, which excite nociceptive neurons by activating selective G-protein-coupled receptors or ligand-gated ion channels. Recent work has shown that these proalgesic factors are counteracted by a distinct group of ...
... Cells in injured and inflamed tissues produce a number of proalgesic lipid-derived mediators, which excite nociceptive neurons by activating selective G-protein-coupled receptors or ligand-gated ion channels. Recent work has shown that these proalgesic factors are counteracted by a distinct group of ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number of extrinsic cues can influence the development of GABAergic ...
... generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number of extrinsic cues can influence the development of GABAergic ...
13-1 CHAPTER 13 SYNAPSES The nervous system consists of
... system, modes of action (we will have more to say about this later), and agents that block their actions. It is difficult to establish the validity of all five criteria at synapses within the central nervous system because the cells involved can rarely be seen; because only small ...
... system, modes of action (we will have more to say about this later), and agents that block their actions. It is difficult to establish the validity of all five criteria at synapses within the central nervous system because the cells involved can rarely be seen; because only small ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... Serotonin affects all levels of the function of central and peripheral nervous systems, from sensory neurons to motor outputs, and from development to disease (for review, see [5]). Serotonin acts in every moment of our lives, and failures of our serotonergic system produce depression, bipolar disor ...
... Serotonin affects all levels of the function of central and peripheral nervous systems, from sensory neurons to motor outputs, and from development to disease (for review, see [5]). Serotonin acts in every moment of our lives, and failures of our serotonergic system produce depression, bipolar disor ...
themes - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
... The rostral part of the NA, called the nucleus retrofacialis or the compact formation, contains all the vagal lower motor neurons (LMN) that control the motor function of striated muscles of the pharynx and the esophagus. These LMNs mediate all of the pharyngeal and laryngeal vagal reflexes (see Tab ...
... The rostral part of the NA, called the nucleus retrofacialis or the compact formation, contains all the vagal lower motor neurons (LMN) that control the motor function of striated muscles of the pharynx and the esophagus. These LMNs mediate all of the pharyngeal and laryngeal vagal reflexes (see Tab ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... next location. All of the recordings were made in the dorsal occipital lobe, the region of V1 representing foveal and parafoveal vision (0 – 4° eccentricity in squirrel monkeys and 0 –10° in owl monkeys). At each site, the orientation preference and the range of orientations that elicited responses ...
... next location. All of the recordings were made in the dorsal occipital lobe, the region of V1 representing foveal and parafoveal vision (0 – 4° eccentricity in squirrel monkeys and 0 –10° in owl monkeys). At each site, the orientation preference and the range of orientations that elicited responses ...
Urinary Incontinence in Women
... • This disruption of anal function sometimes is just due to defect in structural component, without any nervous damage. Not only among those who have prominent vaginal laceration. • In vaginal delivery using forceps increased latency of pudendal nerve (PNTML) sometimes the damage is permanent • H ...
... • This disruption of anal function sometimes is just due to defect in structural component, without any nervous damage. Not only among those who have prominent vaginal laceration. • In vaginal delivery using forceps increased latency of pudendal nerve (PNTML) sometimes the damage is permanent • H ...
Retrograde Signaling in the Development and Modification of
... NGF-like molecules, each specific for different but overlapping populations of neurons. Other members of this NGF family of factors, or neurotrophins, now include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4/5, and NT-6 (213, 215). In addition to their traditional role as surv ...
... NGF-like molecules, each specific for different but overlapping populations of neurons. Other members of this NGF family of factors, or neurotrophins, now include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4/5, and NT-6 (213, 215). In addition to their traditional role as surv ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see ...
... highlighted how this is an active process of controlled axon self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see ...
Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... failure. The etiology of most ALS cases remains unknown but there is a current consensus that motor neuron degeneration is caused by a complex interaction between multiple pathogenic processes. The mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are best understood in the subtype of disease caused by mutati ...
... failure. The etiology of most ALS cases remains unknown but there is a current consensus that motor neuron degeneration is caused by a complex interaction between multiple pathogenic processes. The mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are best understood in the subtype of disease caused by mutati ...
Prospero regulates gcm expression to induce glial fates
... before its first division. In the left column are schematic representations; in the right column are paired confocal images (each pair from the same focal plane) corresponding to the diagrammed cells. Ventral view. Anterior is upwards; midline is towards the left. Gcm is expressed in the pre-divisio ...
... before its first division. In the left column are schematic representations; in the right column are paired confocal images (each pair from the same focal plane) corresponding to the diagrammed cells. Ventral view. Anterior is upwards; midline is towards the left. Gcm is expressed in the pre-divisio ...
Neurofilaments and Orthograde Transport Are Reduced in Ventral
... in the perikarya and proximal axons of spinal cord motoneurons by z180 d of age (data not shown). Immunohistochemical studies performed with NF subunit-specific antibodies (e.g., RMO32 specific for highly phosphorylated NFM, RMO24 specific for highly phosphorylated NFH, and rabbit anti-NFL polyclona ...
... in the perikarya and proximal axons of spinal cord motoneurons by z180 d of age (data not shown). Immunohistochemical studies performed with NF subunit-specific antibodies (e.g., RMO32 specific for highly phosphorylated NFM, RMO24 specific for highly phosphorylated NFH, and rabbit anti-NFL polyclona ...
Ascending Sensory Pathways
... vary according to their morphology, the velocity of conduction, and the modality to which they respond, as well as to their location in the body, they generally all function in a similar fashion. The stimulus to which a specific receptor responds causes an alteration in the ionic permeability of the ...
... vary according to their morphology, the velocity of conduction, and the modality to which they respond, as well as to their location in the body, they generally all function in a similar fashion. The stimulus to which a specific receptor responds causes an alteration in the ionic permeability of the ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... neurotrophin-induced DRG and hippocampal axon growth and interferes with hippocampal dendrite/axonal specification (Zhou et al., 2004; Jiang et al., 2005; Yoshimura et al., 2005). In addition, globally inhibiting GSK-3 activity with well-studied pharmacological blockers has been shown to profoundly ...
... neurotrophin-induced DRG and hippocampal axon growth and interferes with hippocampal dendrite/axonal specification (Zhou et al., 2004; Jiang et al., 2005; Yoshimura et al., 2005). In addition, globally inhibiting GSK-3 activity with well-studied pharmacological blockers has been shown to profoundly ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... of the dorsal (DRG) and ventral (VRG) respiratory groups of neurons in the brainstem were studied in anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats. Microstimulation (2 to 120 Hz; 5 to 50 PA; 100 pet pulse duration) at almost every point within the DRG or VRG produced a bilateral short latenc ...
... of the dorsal (DRG) and ventral (VRG) respiratory groups of neurons in the brainstem were studied in anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats. Microstimulation (2 to 120 Hz; 5 to 50 PA; 100 pet pulse duration) at almost every point within the DRG or VRG produced a bilateral short latenc ...
as a PDF
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
... regions (Fig. 1) known to contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in experimental animals. Medium-sized neurons were located in a region bordered by the spinal trigeminal nucleus laterally, the facial nucleus medially and the medial vestibular nucleus dorsally. Rostrally, these neurons were sc ...
Diagnostic History of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Patients with
... lesion is not diffuse but multifocal) and underline the etiology of the axonal injury in trauma instead of DAI [23,24]. On the other hand, since the 1980’s, many researchers, including Povlishock, have used the term “TAI” in their histopathological studies [23,25,26,39]. Patients with the traditiona ...
... lesion is not diffuse but multifocal) and underline the etiology of the axonal injury in trauma instead of DAI [23,24]. On the other hand, since the 1980’s, many researchers, including Povlishock, have used the term “TAI” in their histopathological studies [23,25,26,39]. Patients with the traditiona ...
Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... 1980) and monkey (Perwaiz and Karim, 1982). The preganglionic neurons do not form discrete cell groups, so that it is difficult to identify them on Nissl appearance alone; nor is there a clear rostrocaudal distinction between neurons with axons exiting the brainstem in VII and those exiting in IX, s ...
... 1980) and monkey (Perwaiz and Karim, 1982). The preganglionic neurons do not form discrete cell groups, so that it is difficult to identify them on Nissl appearance alone; nor is there a clear rostrocaudal distinction between neurons with axons exiting the brainstem in VII and those exiting in IX, s ...
Fig. 1
... In central nervous system, Hsp90 is widely expressed in all regions at the latest stages of gestation and postnatal development. In the adult mammalian nervous system and at all stages of postnatal development, the Hsp90 constitutively expressed is preferentially localized on neurons [12,13,17–19]. ...
... In central nervous system, Hsp90 is widely expressed in all regions at the latest stages of gestation and postnatal development. In the adult mammalian nervous system and at all stages of postnatal development, the Hsp90 constitutively expressed is preferentially localized on neurons [12,13,17–19]. ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... contralateral fibre over the number fired when both tympanic nerves are intact. This indicates that an inhibitory effect on the contralateral T fibre had been removed by cutting the ipsilateral tympanic nerve. When the contralateral tympanic nerve is cut, there is no response of the contralateral T ...
... contralateral fibre over the number fired when both tympanic nerves are intact. This indicates that an inhibitory effect on the contralateral T fibre had been removed by cutting the ipsilateral tympanic nerve. When the contralateral tympanic nerve is cut, there is no response of the contralateral T ...