Excitatory and Inhibitory Vestibular Pathways to the Extraocular
... Graf, Werner, Robert Spencer, Harriet Baker, and Robert Baker. Excitatory and inhibitory vestibular pathways to the extraocular motor nuclei in goldfish. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2765–2779, 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the exci ...
... Graf, Werner, Robert Spencer, Harriet Baker, and Robert Baker. Excitatory and inhibitory vestibular pathways to the extraocular motor nuclei in goldfish. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2765–2779, 1997. Electrophysiological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to describe the exci ...
Specificity and Plasticity of Thalamocortical Connections in Sema6A
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
... telencephalon largely determines their final targeting within the cortex [16–20]. For example, in mutants in the transcription factor Ebf1 or in the Dlx1/Dlx2 double mutants, a subset of thalamic axons is misrouted ventrally, resulting in a caudal shift of the remaining axons within the ventral telen ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... response of a low-contrast center stimulus, but the same surround stimulus suppresses responses when the center stimulus is of high contrast. Both facilitation and suppression effects tend to be strongest for iso-orientation surrounds. (a) Typical data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. ( ...
... response of a low-contrast center stimulus, but the same surround stimulus suppresses responses when the center stimulus is of high contrast. Both facilitation and suppression effects tend to be strongest for iso-orientation surrounds. (a) Typical data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. ( ...
superior Medullary Velum
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
... interpeduncular fossa, cerebral peduncle, midbrain, cerebellar cortex, inferior colliculus, lingula and vermis is reported to be from the vermian artery originating from the posterior cerebral artery (25). We did not study the vascular anatomy and only fiber dissection and immunohistochemical analys ...
A Patient`s Guide to Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
... Congenital stenosis: Some people are born with (congenital) a spinal canal that is narrower than normal. They may not feel problems early in life. However, having a narrow spinal canal puts them at risk for stenosis. Even a minor back injury can cause pressure against the spinal cord. People born wi ...
... Congenital stenosis: Some people are born with (congenital) a spinal canal that is narrower than normal. They may not feel problems early in life. However, having a narrow spinal canal puts them at risk for stenosis. Even a minor back injury can cause pressure against the spinal cord. People born wi ...
Sample
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
... c. Some nerve cells are pruned away during the first few years of life. d. Our brain can generate new nerve cells. e. All of the above are correct. Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Objective: 2.1 Answer: e. All of the above are correct. 2. Which of the following is ...
Differential Spatial Organization of Otolith Signals in Frog Vestibular
... conserved positions along the underlying rhombomeric scaffold (Straka et al. 2001). Thus it is possible that 2° canal and 2° otolith neurons of all types are segmentally organized (Baker 1998; Straka et al. 2001; Suwa et al. 1999). Although rhombomeres generally are evident only during embryonic sta ...
... conserved positions along the underlying rhombomeric scaffold (Straka et al. 2001). Thus it is possible that 2° canal and 2° otolith neurons of all types are segmentally organized (Baker 1998; Straka et al. 2001; Suwa et al. 1999). Although rhombomeres generally are evident only during embryonic sta ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... – Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally – Three main types of connective tissue cells of the CNS • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phago ...
... – Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally – Three main types of connective tissue cells of the CNS • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phago ...
the-senses-of-smell-and-taste
... • Starts from the ear drum and extends to the third ossicle. • Contains: Tympanic membrane, ear drum, Malleus (hammer), anvil (incus), stirrups (stapes) ...
... • Starts from the ear drum and extends to the third ossicle. • Contains: Tympanic membrane, ear drum, Malleus (hammer), anvil (incus), stirrups (stapes) ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... demonstrated the presence of local axon collaterals arising from neurons of the GP (Iwahori and Mizuno, 1981; Francois et al., 1984; Millhouse, 1986). Similarly, intracellular labelling, juxtacellular labelling, single-axon tracing studies (Park et al., 1982; Kita and Kitai, 1994; Bevan et al., 1998 ...
... demonstrated the presence of local axon collaterals arising from neurons of the GP (Iwahori and Mizuno, 1981; Francois et al., 1984; Millhouse, 1986). Similarly, intracellular labelling, juxtacellular labelling, single-axon tracing studies (Park et al., 1982; Kita and Kitai, 1994; Bevan et al., 1998 ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... Quantitative comparison is complicated because the projection is not strictly twodimensional: Purkinje dendrites stacked next to each other add up to a significant third dimension. Naively, given that the dendritic arbor size is about 400ILm Eq.4 predicts axonal arbor of about 7 ILm. This is close t ...
... Quantitative comparison is complicated because the projection is not strictly twodimensional: Purkinje dendrites stacked next to each other add up to a significant third dimension. Naively, given that the dendritic arbor size is about 400ILm Eq.4 predicts axonal arbor of about 7 ILm. This is close t ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
... techniques—has been performed that allows us to compare the organization of transcallosal connections in different functional regions of the mouse cortex including the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. Such a systematic analysis of inter-hemispheric connectivity is important as defects in th ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
... neurons, differential interference contrast (DIC) optics were used to target recordings to one pyramidal neuron and one inhibitory interneuron (Fig. 1a,b). Inhibitory neurons were classified as either fast-spiking or adapting on the basis of their intrinsic firing properties in response to intracell ...
Full Article
... First, after transection, the corticospinal tract of the rat collateralizes abundantly into new regions of the dorsal horn and intermediate zone (Fouad et al., 2001). Second, sprouting corticospinal tract axons (CST) make new connections with somatic interneurons above incomplete spinal lesions. The ...
... First, after transection, the corticospinal tract of the rat collateralizes abundantly into new regions of the dorsal horn and intermediate zone (Fouad et al., 2001). Second, sprouting corticospinal tract axons (CST) make new connections with somatic interneurons above incomplete spinal lesions. The ...
Complete nervous system 11
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... CopyrightThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
PDF+Links
... 1996; Castel-Barthe et al., 1996), suggesting that age-related pathological brain dysfunction might be ameliorated by treatment with neurotrophic factor. Most of earlier studies usually estimated degenerative or atrophic changes in morphology of the cholinergic neurons. However, recently attention h ...
... 1996; Castel-Barthe et al., 1996), suggesting that age-related pathological brain dysfunction might be ameliorated by treatment with neurotrophic factor. Most of earlier studies usually estimated degenerative or atrophic changes in morphology of the cholinergic neurons. However, recently attention h ...
Chapter 9 The Nervous System
... – Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally – Three main types of connective tissue cells of the CNS • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phago ...
... – Support cells, bringing the cells of nervous tissue together structurally and functionally – Three main types of connective tissue cells of the CNS • Astrocytes—star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons • Microglia—small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phago ...
AANEM Glossary of Terms in Neuromuscular
... follows the M wave, evoked consistently from a muscle by submaximal electric stimuli and frequently abolished by supramaximal stimuli. Its amplitude is similar to that of an F wave, but the latency is more constant. Usually occurs before the F wave, but may occur afterwards. Thought to be due to ext ...
... follows the M wave, evoked consistently from a muscle by submaximal electric stimuli and frequently abolished by supramaximal stimuli. Its amplitude is similar to that of an F wave, but the latency is more constant. Usually occurs before the F wave, but may occur afterwards. Thought to be due to ext ...
Mucosal Wave Movement
... during minimal voluntary contraction during maximal voluntary contraction. • Insertional activity: • no more than several hundred milliseconds • Prolonged-early nerve and muscle injuries, • Decreased-late nerve and muscle injuries, » replacement of normal muscle with scar tissue or fat ...
... during minimal voluntary contraction during maximal voluntary contraction. • Insertional activity: • no more than several hundred milliseconds • Prolonged-early nerve and muscle injuries, • Decreased-late nerve and muscle injuries, » replacement of normal muscle with scar tissue or fat ...
Selective Loss of Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide
... rats (18), despite dramatic reduction of CGRP and substance P mRNA in the DRG (5,14,18). The mechanical and nociceptive afferents could interact with each other through the interneurons at the spinal cord level. Touch-induced pain seems to involve incoming activity from low-threshold mechanoreceptor ...
... rats (18), despite dramatic reduction of CGRP and substance P mRNA in the DRG (5,14,18). The mechanical and nociceptive afferents could interact with each other through the interneurons at the spinal cord level. Touch-induced pain seems to involve incoming activity from low-threshold mechanoreceptor ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... Fig.3 shows the results of cell counts (neurons) in different groups. The number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than in the control-saline group and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in the number of neurons was shown in response to MDMA with the dose ...
... Fig.3 shows the results of cell counts (neurons) in different groups. The number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than in the control-saline group and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in the number of neurons was shown in response to MDMA with the dose ...
Organelle motility and metabolism in axons vs dendrites of cultured
... driven toward and accumulate in active axonal growth cones, which are probable regions of high ATP consumption, and to evacuate inactive growth cones (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993). In addition, autophagic vacuoles exhibit an increased rate of formation and upregulation of net retrograde axonal trans ...
... driven toward and accumulate in active axonal growth cones, which are probable regions of high ATP consumption, and to evacuate inactive growth cones (Morris and Hollenbeck, 1993). In addition, autophagic vacuoles exhibit an increased rate of formation and upregulation of net retrograde axonal trans ...