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Somatic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

... muscle fiber could either be excitatory or inhibitory. For vertebrates, however, the response of a muscle fiber to a neurotransmitter (always acetylcholine (ACh)) can only be excitatory. ...
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
Chapter 2 Vocabulary

... 30. The __________________ , the oldest and innermost region of the brain, is an extension of the spinal cord and is the central core of the brain; its structures direct automatic survival functions. (p. 61) 31. Located in the brainstem, the __________________ controls breathing and heartbeat. (p. 6 ...
Chapters 31 and 34 - Nervous Endocrine
Chapters 31 and 34 - Nervous Endocrine

... Nerve Transmission • Messages are electrical and chemical signals • An electric charge is conducted down a neuron (Dendrite to axon) – Axon is covered in an insulating layer called a myelin sheath to speed up impulses ...
Overview
Overview

... Other diseases affecting the nervous system are Parkinsons, seizures, multiple sclerosis, meningitis, and Cerebral vascular accident commonly called a stroke, (which also affects the circulatory system).  Infections and tumors may also occur causing illness affecting the nervous system. ...
The Nervous System - Needham.K12.ma.us
The Nervous System - Needham.K12.ma.us

... – Speeds up breathing and heart rate – Stops digestion and urination – Dilates Pupils • Parasympathetic—Normal Body Maintenance – Moderates breathing and heart rate – Allows for digestion and urination – Constricts Pupils ...
Peripheral nervous system
Peripheral nervous system

... - complex, high-level neurons found in brain/spinal cord) ...
Neurons and the General Layout of the Nervous System - U
Neurons and the General Layout of the Nervous System - U

... myelin sheaths of axons in the CNS and PNS are oligodendroglia and Schwann cells, respectively • Only Schwann cells are regenerative. Damage is permanent if it occurs in oligodendroglia (cause of Parkinson’s, degeneration of myelin of dopaminergic neurons) ...
Neurophysiology Complete
Neurophysiology Complete

... Repolarization: within a millisecond Na and K return to their original state and the resting membrane potentil is restored Absolute refractory period: when the Na gates are open and the neuron is totally insensitive to additional stimuli Relative refractory period: if a very strong stimuli is able t ...
Nerve sheaths:
Nerve sheaths:

... Synaptic vesicles also present where there is synaptic transmission takes place. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affect myelin 1-5times >female ages 43-45 demylination in CNS. ...
Physio Lab 5 PhysioEx 3
Physio Lab 5 PhysioEx 3

... hold the cloth, then take it off when the patient falls asleep, and put it back on when they wake up. This is because ether only temperately blocks VGCs. Within 6 minutes, the action potential returns. Question (#6) is about curare, an anesthesia from tree sap. It is used by South American Indians o ...
Anatomy, composition and physiology of neuron, dendrite, axon,and
Anatomy, composition and physiology of neuron, dendrite, axon,and

... Specificity and modifiability of neuronal connections ...
the brain - Cloudfront.net
the brain - Cloudfront.net

... 2% of your body but uses _____ of your energy when you are at rest. A. 10% C. 50% B. 20% D. 75% 4. The more you repeat something the more brain space is dedicated to it. For example, in musicians the part of the brain that controls fingers used to play an instrument is up to 130% larger than in a no ...
Current concepts in central nervous system regeneration
Current concepts in central nervous system regeneration

... until their projecting axons and dendrites reach their target tissue.4 Thus, a neurotrophic factor has a neurotrophic function, in addition to its neurotropic role, axon guidance.5 Since the distance axons are required to grow varies between populations of neurons, the timing of specific neurotrophi ...
Animal form and function
Animal form and function

...  Neuron  CNS: brain and spinal cord PNS ...
Human Physiology
Human Physiology

... 9b.Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment. 9d.Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses. 9e.Students know the roles of se ...
Complete Nervous System Worksheet
Complete Nervous System Worksheet

... 3. Name the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system. 4. Name 2 characteristics of motor neurons 5. Name 2 characteristics of sensory neurons 6. Name the parts that make up the C.N.S. 7. What is the name of the sheath that covers some neurons 8. What is the space between two successive neurons ...
neurons
neurons

... of its membrane and allowing positive ions to rush in. • The neuron then quickly pushes the positively charged ions back out again and closes that section of its membrane. • The neuron then opens the next section of its membrane and allows the positively charged ions to rush in, and quickly pushes t ...
File
File

... - Simplest spinal reflex - Monosynaptic reflex - e.g knee jerk 1. Receptor muscle sense the action (e.g hammer on knee) 2. Message sent along afferent nerve axon to spinal cord 3. Afferent synapses with efferent of same muscles 4. Impulse in transmitted along efferent pathway 5. Motor unit contracts ...
CHAPTER 3 – THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR
CHAPTER 3 – THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF BEHAVIOUR

... complex mental data and is called the “grey matter” of the brain. The cortex surrounds the cerebrum, with comprises symmetrical hemispheres (left and right). Both the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere have specialised functions (hemisphere lateralisation). The left hemisphere specialises in l ...
1 - UPenn School of Engineering and Applied Science
1 - UPenn School of Engineering and Applied Science

... for CNS damage in animals. These damaged neuronal cells (and accessory cells) must be enticed to repair themselves otherwise the damaged cells will undergo cell death and result in a net loss in the total number of cells. Experimentally, several types of cells have been used to encourage neuronal c ...
File
File

... systems is done by the nervous system. – Function: controls and coordinates all bodily functions and responds to internal and external stimuli. THINK… COMMUNICATION! ...
Unit-III-The-Nervous-and-Endocrine-Systems
Unit-III-The-Nervous-and-Endocrine-Systems

... Volunteer work is done by choice, so the body’s (or soma’s) voluntary actions are controlled by this nervous system. ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... stimuli to the CNS-Central Nervous system ...
Central nervous system
Central nervous system

... • Feel for the flow of events (sense of the present) • Our memory of what just happened “echoes” in our minds for a few seconds ...
here - TurkoTek
here - TurkoTek

...  Labeled Lines- any time a particular afferent nerve fires, the brain interperts the same way.  Phantom Pain- the nerves that used to carry info, are still partially intact, so brain interprets it the way it always has.  Referred Pain- pain that originated in your internal organs, will experience ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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