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Lecture #19 - Suraj @ LUMS
Lecture #19 - Suraj @ LUMS

... The Hind and Midbrain • The brain stem is the smallest and from an evolutionary viewpoint, the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. • The brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord, and is composed of the parts of the hindbrain and midbrain. • The medulla oblongata and pons control heart ...
Chapter 27
Chapter 27

... responses are made through effectors. The receptors have to be co-ordinated with the effectors so that appropriate responses can be made. Thus co-ordination is necessary to link many activities together. ...
neurology1ned2013 31.5 KB - d
neurology1ned2013 31.5 KB - d

... The synapse (gap) regulates or controls message transmission, and ends in a synaptic terminal. The myelin sheath, made by Schwann cells, is an insulator. The nodes of Ranvier space each Schwann cell from one another long the axon. Disorders of the Myelin Sheath Defects in neuronal myelination are le ...
Human nervous system_Final
Human nervous system_Final

... The left and right hemispheres share some functions but they are also specialized in certain tasks. The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body and vice versa. Right Hemisphere: Visual and spatial tasks, music, visual imagery, face recognition and perception of emotion. Left Hemis ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... Usually under conscious control The “Voluntary nervous system” Some pathways are not under conscious control, e.g., knee-jerk reflex ...
VII. The Nervous System
VII. The Nervous System

... 1) Temporal summation is when chemical transmission from one or more synaptic terminals occur so close in time that the additive effect causes the neuron to fire 2) Spacial Summation occurs when several neurons stimulate the postsynaptic cell at the same time and cause it to fire ...
ch4_1 - Homework Market
ch4_1 - Homework Market

... Internal and external changes in the environment ...
Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Mrs. heninger
Chapter 7 The Nervous System - Mrs. heninger

... decide if action is needed ...
Chapter 48 Reading Guide and Key Terms
Chapter 48 Reading Guide and Key Terms

... Under what circumstances could ions flow through ion channels from regions of low ion concentration to regions of high ion concentration? ...
Chapter 17.2 Review
Chapter 17.2 Review

... 23. Making Inferences Sensory organs are concentrated in the human head. You cannot see, hear, taste, or smell with any other part of your body. Why are the eyes, ears, tongue, and nose located so close to one another? ______________________________________________________________ __________________ ...
Neurons & Transmission of Information
Neurons & Transmission of Information

... •Synapse = junction where the axon terminal of the sending neuron communicates with a receiving neuron across the synaptic cleft •Neurotransmitters = chemical that is released into the synaptic cleft from the axon terminal of the sending neuron, crosses the synapse, & binds to appropriate receptor s ...
The Nervous System - riverridge210.org
The Nervous System - riverridge210.org

... 5. The central nervous system (CNS): consisting of the brain and spinal cord, integrates and coordinates sensory data and motor commands. The CNS is also the site for intelligence memory and emotions. 6. All communication between the CNS and the rest of the body occurs over the peripheral nervous s ...
Unit VIII: Animal Structure and Function, Part II
Unit VIII: Animal Structure and Function, Part II

... • cells that have the ability to change their membrane potentials + neurons and muscle cells - resting potential (unexcited) + change from resting potential can result in active electrical impulse + gated ion channels - special channels that allow cell to change membrane potential ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... the nervous system • Cells that conduct impulses. – Made up of dendrites, cell body and an axon ...
Year 9 Biology Part B Revision Excretory System Name the organs
Year 9 Biology Part B Revision Excretory System Name the organs

... Nerve ending or other structure which senses stimuli giving organisms sensitivity to the environment around them The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. Following the path of sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron and by-passing the brain The branched part of a neuron which receives im ...
The Nervous System - Ione Community Charter School
The Nervous System - Ione Community Charter School

... the nervous system • Cells that conduct impulses. – Made up of dendrites, cell body and an axon ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... the nervous system • Cells that conduct impulses. – Made up of dendrites, cell body and an axon ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... Neurons and Glial Cells A layer of ectodermal cells form on the inner surface of neural tube and divide to form:  Ventricular layer which then divides into daughter cells  Daughter cells migrate: • between the intermediate and marginal layers to form the cortical plate which develops into the cort ...
The Nervous System - Appoquinimink High School
The Nervous System - Appoquinimink High School

... 1. Use the book and your notes to create a foldable about the different types of neurons. 2. You may fold it anyway you like as long as on the outside you have three flaps (1 for each of the types of neurons) 3. The outside you will need to draw what each neuron looks like and label it. 4. The insi ...
Ch. 35 Nervous System edit
Ch. 35 Nervous System edit

... narcotic = substance that blunt the senses decreasing pain ex: opium, morphine, codeine, heroin Heroin - increases release of dopamine, over-stimulation of neurons a. Effects – intense rush, pleasure, decrease of heart rate and breathing, decrease pain b. Problems – receptors become used to this ove ...
Human Anatomy and Physiology 3rd Nine Weeks Study Guide
Human Anatomy and Physiology 3rd Nine Weeks Study Guide

... examples include: raising your eyelids, smiling, speech, and raising your arms Autonomic Sympathetic response….example PNS eyelid “squenching” Myoneural Junction…gap between the muscle and a nerve Motor unit … combination of the neuron and the muscle fiber it associates wit Acteylcholine… main neuro ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... – The first phase of this division is called symmetrical division, because each cell splits into 2 identical new founder cells – The second phase is called asymmetrical division, because the divide into a new founder cell and a neuron, which migrates away (this lasts about 3 months) ...
6AOGPFTarget
6AOGPFTarget

... 1) Endocannabinoids and their receptors are in the right place in vivo, they affect growth cone turning in vitro, and they affect subsequent innervation in vivo. 2) Endocannabinoid signaling regulates growth cone steering and thus axon guidance. 3) Prenatal exposure to cannabis could affect neuronal ...
Nervous System - Winston Knoll Collegiate
Nervous System - Winston Knoll Collegiate

... produce a response  As well, these experiments indicated that the response is often an all-or-none response  In other words, either the response (such as muscle contraction) would either not be present (when the threshold level had not been reached) or at maximum intensity (at any level above the ...
Brainstem*s involvement in Motor process
Brainstem*s involvement in Motor process

... MAIN FUNCTIONS IN MOTOR PROCESS: ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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