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The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... the neuron to “fire”) while others may be inhibitory (i.e. they tell the neuron not to fire). 2. Whether or not a neuron “fires” off an action potential at any particular instant depends on its ability to integrate these multiple positive and negative inputs. 3. This allows neurons to be fine-tuned ...
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Nervous

... accomplish? ...
Snímek 1
Snímek 1

... Schwann cell proliferation → bands of Büngner (guide for regenerating axon) neural cell body: swelling, peripheral displacement of nucleus, central chromatolysis Axonal regeneration 1 week after injury regenerating axon (axonal sprout) grows along bands of Büngner, grow rate 12mm per day scar tissue ...
Document
Document

... 1. Working in pairs, one student holds a metre rule vertically at the zero end, between the thumb and forefinger of another student, so that the 50 cm mark is level with the top of the forefinger. 2. Without warning, the first student drops the rule and the second student attempts to catch it betwee ...
The Nervous system - Locust Trace Veterinary Assistant Program
The Nervous system - Locust Trace Veterinary Assistant Program

... cytoplasm and cell membrane that wrap around the axons of neurons. – Schwann cells increase the diameter – Create myelin sheath – Increases the speed of the nerve signal – Not all nerves have a myelin sheath. ■ Myelinated nerves- transport a signal much faster than nonmyelinated nerves. (nerves with ...
Chapter 12 Notes - Las Positas College
Chapter 12 Notes - Las Positas College

... A. The human body contains billions of nondividing neurons or nerve cells. B. Neurons are composed of three main parts: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. (Figs. 12.4–12.5) 1. The cytoplasm of the cell body contains all the usual organelles and chromatophilic bodies. Most neuronal cell bo ...
Biology 12 Nervous System Major Divisions of Nervous System 1
Biology 12 Nervous System Major Divisions of Nervous System 1

... stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin (long term cold) which increases metabolic rate. • Homeostasis of high body temperature - hypothalamus detects high body temp. and causes sweating and vasodilation of peripheral regions (ex. skin) ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline

... A. Neurons and Neuroglia ...
Structure of the Brain PowerPoint Notes
Structure of the Brain PowerPoint Notes

... – chains of chemicals that are arranged like rungs on a twisting ladder – there are about 25,000 genes that contain chemical instructions that equal about 1,000,000 pages of written instructions – genes program the development of individual parts into a complex brain & body STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN (C ...
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... absorption of glucose by muscle cells, conversion of glucose to fat and to glycogen. The concept of negative feedback. Awareness that the endocrine system consists of glands which release hormones that are transported in the blood. The nature and action of hormones or direct comparisons between nerv ...
Organismsc - ClarissaGBiology2010
Organismsc - ClarissaGBiology2010

... system of vertebrates contains the brain, spinal cord, and retina. The peripheral nervous system consists of clusters of ganglia (sensory neurons), and nerves connecting them to each other and to the central nervous system. ...
Biopsychology Revision
Biopsychology Revision

... • The divisions of the nervous system: central and peripheral (somatic and autonomic). • The structure and function of sensory, relay and motor neurons. The process of synaptic transmission, including reference to neurotransmitters, excitation and inhibition. • The function of the endocrine system: ...
File - Schuette Science
File - Schuette Science

... Example: vertebrae of the spine; sliding joint 3. Freely movable joints: allows the widest range of motion. The following are examples of these joints: a.. pivot joint: bones rotate around each other. Example: skull attaches to vertebral column b. ball-and-socket joint: ball shaped end of one bone f ...
The Nervous System - Christian Fenger Academy High School
The Nervous System - Christian Fenger Academy High School

... surrounding the brain and spinal cord ...
The Nervous System
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... hemispheres) The left hemisphere controls the right side of your body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of your body. 2. Cerebellum: controls your balance 3. Medulla: receives signals from blood vessels and controls blood pressure, heart rate, and involuntary breathing. ...
The Nervous System
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Frontiers in , Ph.D. Pharmacology Proudly Presents
Frontiers in , Ph.D. Pharmacology Proudly Presents

... receptors expressed, but also on the location of these channels in the cell membrane. Two extreme examples that illustrate the subcellular polarized nature of neurons and the tight regulation of ion channel localization can be seen at the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier. The axon initial s ...
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... Satellite= are the same as a regular dish satellite, the way I see it, is as if it was on a roof the same way it is on the axon Schwann = close to swan which are also white, schwann cells form myelin ...
Neurotox I
Neurotox I

... being expressed as a variety of alterations in development. The effects of toxicant exposure will be markedly affected not only by dose/concentration, but also by timing. Insults by the same dose/concentration at different times during development may result in markedly different sequelae. Extrapola ...
MCP
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... A muscle of the eyeball winds around a trochlea ...
Untitled - inetTeacher
Untitled - inetTeacher

... the spinal cord and the brain. The brain is the most complex part of the nervous system The spinal cord is a column of nerves about as thick as a thumb that extends from the brain down the back. The spinal cord transmits messages between the brain and the muscles and glands in the body. The spinal c ...
Ch 10 Brain Damage & Neuroplasticity (pt2)
Ch 10 Brain Damage & Neuroplasticity (pt2)

... May be possible to reduce brain damage by blocking neural degeneration  Apoptosis inhibitor proteins  Nerve growth factor  Estrogren ▪ Potentially explains why several brain disorders are less common in women ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... sum up the impulses received from all over the body and send out nerve impulses. Motor Output: The impulses from the brain and spinal cord go to the effectors, which are muscles and glands. ...
nervous system
nervous system

... • Neuron receives external stimulus • ______ channel opens on cell membrane • Na+ flow into cell by passive _____________ • Down the concentration gradient ...
Neurons, Synapses, the Nervous System
Neurons, Synapses, the Nervous System

... of the nervous system. It is composed of a cell body, which contains the nucleus and organelles; dendrites which are cell extensions that receive incoming messages from other cells; and axons which transmit messages to other cells. Axons are bundled together to form nerves. Many axons are covered by ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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