THE SYNAPSE
... aldehyde-fixed tissue, asymmetric synapses include axons that contain predominantly round or spherical vesicles and form synapses that are distinguished by a thickened, postsynaptic density. In contrast, symmetric synapses involve axons that contain clusters of vesicles that are predominantly flatte ...
... aldehyde-fixed tissue, asymmetric synapses include axons that contain predominantly round or spherical vesicles and form synapses that are distinguished by a thickened, postsynaptic density. In contrast, symmetric synapses involve axons that contain clusters of vesicles that are predominantly flatte ...
Title: Nervous System
... c) the minus sign indicates that the inside is negative relative to the outside d) a cell that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized 4. Action potentials (depolarizing phase, threshold, repolarizing phase) a) is a very rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a nerve cell ...
... c) the minus sign indicates that the inside is negative relative to the outside d) a cell that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized 4. Action potentials (depolarizing phase, threshold, repolarizing phase) a) is a very rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a nerve cell ...
Nervous System Exam Review
... Know the 5 types of neuroglia cell --- where are they found, what do they do. Identify neurons by structural classification and functional classification. Explain how an impulse travels and the ions involved. Terms: action potential resting membrane potential repolarization depolarization sodium-pot ...
... Know the 5 types of neuroglia cell --- where are they found, what do they do. Identify neurons by structural classification and functional classification. Explain how an impulse travels and the ions involved. Terms: action potential resting membrane potential repolarization depolarization sodium-pot ...
Animal Nutrition
... As the membrane potential heads back toward resting, the K+ channels have not had a chance to close. The membrane is hyperpolarized and membrane potential dips slightly below -70mV: ...
... As the membrane potential heads back toward resting, the K+ channels have not had a chance to close. The membrane is hyperpolarized and membrane potential dips slightly below -70mV: ...
Muscle
... -Contraction of muscle fiber in response to a single action potential is called a twitch. The twitch lags behind the muscle action potential, because of delays associated w/ excitation-contraction coupling. The duration of contraction reflects, primarily, the time it takes for the calcium concentrat ...
... -Contraction of muscle fiber in response to a single action potential is called a twitch. The twitch lags behind the muscle action potential, because of delays associated w/ excitation-contraction coupling. The duration of contraction reflects, primarily, the time it takes for the calcium concentrat ...
Q1 (from chapter 1)
... A. Lobotomy causes drastic changes in personality and comportment B. Major motor and sensory pathways cross sides C. Bilateral hippocampectomy causes global aphasia D. In most people the left hemisphere is dominant for language abilities E. Orbitofrontal cortex is responsible for social behavior Q2 ...
... A. Lobotomy causes drastic changes in personality and comportment B. Major motor and sensory pathways cross sides C. Bilateral hippocampectomy causes global aphasia D. In most people the left hemisphere is dominant for language abilities E. Orbitofrontal cortex is responsible for social behavior Q2 ...
chapt12 neuron_lecture
... • Local disturbances in membrane potential – occur when neuron is stimulated by chemicals, light, heat or mechanical disturbance – depolarization decreases potential across cell membrane due to opening of gated Na+ channels • Na+ rushes in down concentration and electrical gradients • Na+ diffuses f ...
... • Local disturbances in membrane potential – occur when neuron is stimulated by chemicals, light, heat or mechanical disturbance – depolarization decreases potential across cell membrane due to opening of gated Na+ channels • Na+ rushes in down concentration and electrical gradients • Na+ diffuses f ...
Action Potentials
... “Each neuron continuously integrates signals over both time and space as it is continually bombarded with stimuli through the thousands of synapses covering its dendrites and cell body. Remember that, although schematic diagrams of neural circuitry rarely show neurons with more than a few representa ...
... “Each neuron continuously integrates signals over both time and space as it is continually bombarded with stimuli through the thousands of synapses covering its dendrites and cell body. Remember that, although schematic diagrams of neural circuitry rarely show neurons with more than a few representa ...
Neurotransmitters
... o Transported to the ends of the axon terminals in the synaptic vesicles o In response to the action potential signal they are diffused across the synapse o On the other side they encounter a receptor Not all neurotransmitters fit in all receptors o Sort of like a lock and key, or a puzzle o If it “ ...
... o Transported to the ends of the axon terminals in the synaptic vesicles o In response to the action potential signal they are diffused across the synapse o On the other side they encounter a receptor Not all neurotransmitters fit in all receptors o Sort of like a lock and key, or a puzzle o If it “ ...
Exam #2 Review Answers - Iowa State University
... Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University 1. The chemical produced in a cell that activates cell enzymes, producing a response to a signal outside the cell is known as the a. Ligand b. Primary messenger c. Secondary messenger d. Protein kinase 2. Which of the following best describes the type o ...
... Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University 1. The chemical produced in a cell that activates cell enzymes, producing a response to a signal outside the cell is known as the a. Ligand b. Primary messenger c. Secondary messenger d. Protein kinase 2. Which of the following best describes the type o ...
The Nervous System - Riverside Preparatory High School
... • Depolarization activates neuron to transmit an action potential (nerve impulse) ▫ All-or-none response ▫ Impulse conducts down entire axon ...
... • Depolarization activates neuron to transmit an action potential (nerve impulse) ▫ All-or-none response ▫ Impulse conducts down entire axon ...
Lecture 08
... Postsynaptic potentials from synapses spread towards soma where they sum up. If the total somatic PSP > θ, then the neuron fires. ...
... Postsynaptic potentials from synapses spread towards soma where they sum up. If the total somatic PSP > θ, then the neuron fires. ...
CNS II
... • Synaptic cleft • Transmitter vesicles: contain transmitter substance that is released into the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron • Excites with excitatory receptors at the membrane or inhibits with inhibitory receptors – Action potentials cause transmitter release from th ...
... • Synaptic cleft • Transmitter vesicles: contain transmitter substance that is released into the synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit the postsynaptic neuron • Excites with excitatory receptors at the membrane or inhibits with inhibitory receptors – Action potentials cause transmitter release from th ...
Chapter 9 A and B Questions
... What are the roles of DHP receptors and ryanodine receptors? What role does ATP have in myofibers regarding Ca++? How is the duration of a muscle twitch related to cytoplasmic Ca++ concentration? What events contribute to the latent period prior to tension development or shortening? Where are somati ...
... What are the roles of DHP receptors and ryanodine receptors? What role does ATP have in myofibers regarding Ca++? How is the duration of a muscle twitch related to cytoplasmic Ca++ concentration? What events contribute to the latent period prior to tension development or shortening? Where are somati ...
In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by
... In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by way of glutamate and most inhibitory communication occurs by way of gamma-aminobutyric acid. In general terms, describe what the other neurotransmitters do. ...
... In the brain, most excitatory communication in synapses occurs by way of glutamate and most inhibitory communication occurs by way of gamma-aminobutyric acid. In general terms, describe what the other neurotransmitters do. ...
Nervous System Study Guide 1
... (a) axon, (b) cell body, (c) dendrites, (d) internodes, (e) myelin, (f) nodes of Ranvier, (g) synaptic terminals ...
... (a) axon, (b) cell body, (c) dendrites, (d) internodes, (e) myelin, (f) nodes of Ranvier, (g) synaptic terminals ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.