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EŠects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese - J
EŠects of Sho-saiko-to (Xiao Chai Hu Tang), a Chinese - J

... ko-to did not reduce the GER at 20 min after administration of the test meal, but the signiˆcantly reduced GER was obtained at 40 min (Fig. 1). Additionally, the inhibitory eŠect on the GER at 40 min was also obtained in the other two doses (250 and 750 mg/kg, Table 1). Intragastric pH is known to b ...
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... tion studies and have previously been shown to reduce erythromycinN-demethylase activity by between 60 and 95% (Belloc et al., 1996). Yeast-Expressing Human P-450s. Single-stranded cDNAs were obtained by reverse transcription of human liver mRNAs from CYP1A1, -1A2, -2C8, -2C18, -2C19, -2D6, -2E1, -3 ...
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... accelerate the oxidation process. Effect of time and temperature The reaction time between aripiprazoleand NBS was studied by standing the drug solution after mixing with NBS for different intervals of time in the presence of 1.0 mL of 5.0 M HCl and the results indicated that time of 5.0-10 min was ...
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... described the Igaki/Tamai stent, a bioresorbable balloon expandable zigzag coil design based on a PLLA monofilament. We have developed and studied a fiber-based expandable stent design [16,17], which was prepared using a linear continuous coil array principle, by which four furled lobes convert into ...
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... on the permeated amount of a specific drug on a certain type of membrane, which in this case would be the membrane that is used in the patches. A Franz Diffusion Cell system is composed of a receptor and a donor cell. In many of these research studies the following procedure is used. The donor cell ...
Cl = Vd x 0T693
Cl = Vd x 0T693

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Plateau principle

The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry and system dynamics. It applies whenever a drug or nutrient is infused or ingested at a relatively constant rate and when a constant fraction is eliminated during each time interval. Under these conditions, any change in the rate of infusion leads to an exponential increase or decrease until a new level is achieved. This behavior is also called an approach to steady state because rather than causing an indefinite increase or decrease, a natural balance is achieved when the rate of infusion or production is balanced by the rate of loss.An especially important use of the plateau principle is to study the renewal of tissue constituents in the human and animal body. In adults, daily synthesis of tissue constituents is nearly constant, and most constituents are removed with a first order reaction rate. Applicability of the plateau principle was recognized during radiotracer studies of protein turnover in the 1940s by Rudolph Schoenheimer and David Rittenberg. Unlike the case with drugs, the initial amount of tissue or tissue protein is not zero because daily synthesis offsets daily elimination. In this case, the model is also said to approach a steady state with exponential or logarithmic kinetics. Constituents that change in this manner are said to have a biological half-life.A practical application of the plateau principle is that most people have experienced ""plateauing"" during regimens for weight management or training for sports. After a few weeks of progress, one seems unable to continue gaining in ability or losing weight. This outcome results from the same underlying quantitative model. This entry will describe the popular concepts as well as development of the plateau principle as a scientific, mathematical model.In the sciences, the broadest application of the plateau principle is creating realistic time signatures for change in kinetic models (see Mathematical model). One example of this principle is the long time required to effectively change human body composition. Theoretical studies have shown that many months of consistent physical training and food restriction are needed to bring about permanent weight stability in people who were previously overweight.
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