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Advances in Environmental Biology
Advances in Environmental Biology

... Measurement of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine are valid tests for kidney functions [13]. In researching conducted in the past stated that the symptoms of kidney failure and damage to the tubules of the kidney can be as follows : 1. Increase of creatinine clearance, increase of BUN and uric acid ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR
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... Preparation of Standard Solutions The standard stock solution of S (-) MET was prepared by transferring, accurately weighed, 100 mg of API to 100 mL of volumetric flask. The drug was suitably dissolved with sonication in 40 ml of methanol and volume was made up to the mark by using methanol. This st ...
CARDOXIN doctor leaflet
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... aminophylline should be readily available for relieving adverse effects such as bronchospasm or chest pain. Vital signs should be monitored during and for 10 - 15 minutes following the intravenous infusion of Cardoxin and an electrocardiographic tracing should be obtained using at least one chest le ...
effect of five alive juice on the dissolution and
effect of five alive juice on the dissolution and

... After the subjects fasted overnight, each volunteer then swallowed a single 500mg tablet of ciprofloxacin (as the hydrochloride salt) with 250ml of either water or FABCF juice simultaneously at 0900. Zero hour urine was collected. In order to promote adequate urine flow during the 12 hours of the fi ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET CONTAINING AMLODIPINE  Research Article
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET CONTAINING AMLODIPINE Research Article

... regular intervals for 10 min. The samples were replaced with fresh dissolution medium of same quantity. The samples were filtered through a 0.45ì membrane filter. Absorbance of these solutions was measured at 239 nm using a Shimadzu-1700 UV spectrophotometer. Cumulative percentage of drug release wa ...
annexure – ii - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
annexure – ii - Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences

The anti-tubercular drug delamanid as a potential oral treatment for
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Guideline on the specification limits for residues of metal catalysts
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... The objective of this guideline is to recommend, for the safety of the patient, maximum acceptable metal residues arising from the use of metals as catalysts or reagents in the synthesis of drug substances and excipients. Since there is no therapeutic benefit from residual metals, specification acce ...
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE  Research Article
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... prepared transdermal film. There was an increase in tensile strength with an increase in Eudragit RL 100 in the polymer blend. Folding endurance test results indicates that all the patches will withstand to rupture and would maintain their integrity with general skin folding when used. .All the patc ...
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The heart of Daphnia magna: effects of four

... chronotropic and inotropic effects, while metaproterenol showed positive concentration-dependent chronotropic effects at high concentrations (10y3 and 10y4 M). Metoprolol induced a positive chronotropic effect at low concentrations (10y8, 10y7, 10y6 M) and a negative chronotropic effect at high conc ...
Shimadzu Journal Vol. 3, issue 3
Shimadzu Journal Vol. 3, issue 3

... receptor–coregulator interaction by using small molecule probes that in turn are developed into drug candidates for metabolic disease and cancer. His lab supports high throughput screening, medicinal chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology. The relationship with Shimadzu started in 2014, when ...
Speman®, A Proprietary Ayurvedic Formulation, Reverses
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... of rats/mice with CP leads to transitory oligospermia, decreased testicular weight, DNA synthesis in spermatogonia, protein synthesis in spermatids, and biochemical and histological alterations in the testis and epididymis.16-18 The precise mechanism by which CP causes testicular toxicity is unknown ...
STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF
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... Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in combined pharmaceutical dosage form and validation was done. The proposed HPTLC method involves the use of HPTLC plates (Merck) pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 on aluminium sheets and a mobile phase comprising of chloroform: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (5:5:0.2 ...
APPLICATIONS OF METABOLOMICS
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... defined readily enough, it is not currently possible to analyze the entire range of metabolites by a single analytical method. In January 2007, scientists at the University of Alberta and the University of Calgary completed the first draft of the human metabolome. They catalogued approximately 2500 ...
Ca 2+
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... subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel • Reduce the probability of channel opening rather then calcium current flow through an open channel • Tissue selectivity is one of the most beneficial properties of Ca2+ antagonists • In general, skeletal muscle, bronchial, tracheal, and intestinal smooth muscle a ...
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS AND EXTRACTS OF ANDROGRAPHIS
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... μg/mL extracts or 0.01 – 100 μM active constituents), 4 mM UDPGA or an equivalent volume of water, UGT reaction buffer (8 mM MgCl 2 , 50 mM TES, pH 7.5), 0.1 mg/mL UGT1A1 or UGT2B7 with 20 μM UGT multienzyme substrate or 0.2 mg/mL UGT1A4 microsomes with 50 μM UGT1A4 substrate. The reactions were ter ...
Chloral hydrate
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... respiratory depression, hypotension, and coma. Response to overdose amounts of chloral hydrate can be quite variable. Individuals with known cardiac dysfunction are highly susceptible to toxicity. Toxicity generally develops within 2 to 3 h of ingestion. Lethal symptoms are the CNS depression and re ...
CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 IS THE MAJOR ENZYME RESPONSIBLE
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Preclinical Evaluation Methods for Screening of

... levels in the blood. This is supported by an abundance of congruent result from genetic, epidemiological, Signs and Symptoms: Atherosclerosis typically begins in early experimental animal studies and clinical trials that the adolescence, and is usually found in most major arteries, presence of high ...
Hydraulic Erosion Modeling on a Triangular Mesh
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... structure. The use of this structure allows for the creation of fast and interactive solutions at the cost of being constricted to only 2.5D non-adaptive models. Triangular irregular network (TIN) data structure brings the option to adaptively change the resolution of the terrain based on the local ...
Optimization and Control of Agent
Optimization and Control of Agent

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drug metabolism: regulation and importance

... The biology and clinical importance of the CYP-gene superfamily Meyer U-A, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) heme proteins are one of the largest superfamilies of enzymes found in virtually all organisms. Based on information of the human genome sequence, the ...
STUDYING THE RELEASE OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM FROM GLYCERIDES  Research Article MADY OMAR
STUDYING THE RELEASE OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM FROM GLYCERIDES Research Article MADY OMAR

... pressure. The amount of hydrophobic material was found to have a significant effect on friability, hardness and tensile strength of the prepared tablet [18]. The tablets show a low friability % Table 2. The hardness and tensile strength values are also presented in the table. Uhumwangho et al [20], ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF  Research Article
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF Research Article

... Oral route is the most preferred route for administration of drugs. Tablets are the most popular oral formulation available in the market and widely preferred by the patients and physician alike. In long-term therapy for the treatment of chronic disease conditions, conventional formulations are admi ...
CUSTOM CARBON-14 RADIOLABELLING
CUSTOM CARBON-14 RADIOLABELLING

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Plateau principle

The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry and system dynamics. It applies whenever a drug or nutrient is infused or ingested at a relatively constant rate and when a constant fraction is eliminated during each time interval. Under these conditions, any change in the rate of infusion leads to an exponential increase or decrease until a new level is achieved. This behavior is also called an approach to steady state because rather than causing an indefinite increase or decrease, a natural balance is achieved when the rate of infusion or production is balanced by the rate of loss.An especially important use of the plateau principle is to study the renewal of tissue constituents in the human and animal body. In adults, daily synthesis of tissue constituents is nearly constant, and most constituents are removed with a first order reaction rate. Applicability of the plateau principle was recognized during radiotracer studies of protein turnover in the 1940s by Rudolph Schoenheimer and David Rittenberg. Unlike the case with drugs, the initial amount of tissue or tissue protein is not zero because daily synthesis offsets daily elimination. In this case, the model is also said to approach a steady state with exponential or logarithmic kinetics. Constituents that change in this manner are said to have a biological half-life.A practical application of the plateau principle is that most people have experienced ""plateauing"" during regimens for weight management or training for sports. After a few weeks of progress, one seems unable to continue gaining in ability or losing weight. This outcome results from the same underlying quantitative model. This entry will describe the popular concepts as well as development of the plateau principle as a scientific, mathematical model.In the sciences, the broadest application of the plateau principle is creating realistic time signatures for change in kinetic models (see Mathematical model). One example of this principle is the long time required to effectively change human body composition. Theoretical studies have shown that many months of consistent physical training and food restriction are needed to bring about permanent weight stability in people who were previously overweight.
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