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Genetically modified yeasts as a new oral drug delivery system: from
Genetically modified yeasts as a new oral drug delivery system: from

... First, genetically modified microorganisms have potential as a biodetoxication system in the gut [1]. The aim is to increase the body’s protection against environmental xenobiotics, mainly those present in food (such as pesticides or chemical additives) by ingesting microorganisms expressing phase I ...
CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 Catalyze the Primary Oxidative
CYP2B6, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 Catalyze the Primary Oxidative

... Human Liver Microsomes. Ethics approval was obtained from the Human Ethics Committee of the Royal Adelaide Hospital to obtain human liver samples (n ⫽ 7) during partial hepatectomy from patients who had given written informed consent for their tissue to be used, as reported previously (Hutchinson et ...
Gabapentin - Renal Pharmacy Group
Gabapentin - Renal Pharmacy Group

butyrylcholinesterase accelerates cocaine metabolism: in vitro and
butyrylcholinesterase accelerates cocaine metabolism: in vitro and

Guidance for Industry
Guidance for Industry

Acute Poisoning with Dapsone – A Case Report
Acute Poisoning with Dapsone – A Case Report

EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDS OF
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SEEDS OF

... phytconstituents by preliminary phytochemical tests. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the test drug was assessed in acute toxicity study which was found to be 2000 mg/kg, and based on this study the oral doses of HPE were fixed to 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight to carry out the antiinflammatory ...
Anabolic Steroids hardcore info
Anabolic Steroids hardcore info

... manufactured drugs may contain something other than what it says on the label, or could contain what it states on the label but at a higher or lower dose. The only source of information on dosage for non-medical purposes is from ‘Underground’ hand books and from other steroid users. The drug informa ...
Ritodrine (Systemic)
Ritodrine (Systemic)

... In addition to stimulating the beta-2–adrenergic receptors of the uterine smooth muscle, ritodrine stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors of bronchial and vascular smooth muscles. The cardiostimulatory effects, including increased cardiac output, increased maternal and fetal heart rates, and widening ...
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MUPIROCIN CALCIUM FROM PHARMACEUTICAL  OINTMENT FORMULATION BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF MUPIROCIN CALCIUM FROM PHARMACEUTICAL  OINTMENT FORMULATION BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY 

... Assay  procedure  based  on  UV  Spectrophotometry  has  been  developed  for  the  quantitative  estimation  of  Mupirocin  calcium  from  ointment  formulation.  The  solvent  system  and  wavelength  of  detection  were  optimized  in  order  to  maximize  the  sensitivity  of  the  proposed  met ...
Simvastatin and atorvastatin: beware of potential CYP3A4
Simvastatin and atorvastatin: beware of potential CYP3A4

... of these statins, resulting in either an increased risk of adverse effects (e.g. myopathy and rhabdomyolyis) or a reduction in the effectiveness of treatment.2 For example, one study which investigated the effect of erythromycin (a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor) on serum simvastatin concentrations found t ...
Effects of Losartan on Blood Pressure, Plasma Renin
Effects of Losartan on Blood Pressure, Plasma Renin

... Losartan is an orally active, nonpeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) (site-1) receptor antagonist. We conducted a multiple-dose study in healthy male volunteers to investigate the tolerability, blood pressure effects, and changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma Ang II concentration associated ...
mAChR AntagWEB07
mAChR AntagWEB07

... contraction of some smooth muscles; a presynaptic receptor on some nerve terminals • M3- mediates contraction of smooth muscle, relaxation of vasculature, and secretion from ...
Lower critical solution temperature versus volume phase transition
Lower critical solution temperature versus volume phase transition

... [4, 5]. Under pseudo-physiological conditions (PB at pH 7.4) the LCST decreases to lower temperatures [12]. In order to increase the LCST towards body temperature, NIPAAm is usually copolymerized with hydrophilic monomers [18, 19]. Here, HMAAm was selected to be copolymerized with NIPAAm. Note that ...
Anticoagulation Related Bleeding
Anticoagulation Related Bleeding

Comparison of the Circulating Metabolite Profile of PF
Comparison of the Circulating Metabolite Profile of PF

IJCT 13(4) 360-366
IJCT 13(4) 360-366

... effects. In addition, it exhibits antimuscarine and calcium channel blocking activity. CPH is used to treat some hormonal disorders and may be used for treating side-effects of taking antidepressants. It has also been shown to stimulate appetite and weight gain in children and adults. CPH is some ti ...
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PARACETAMOL TASTE MASKED ORALLY
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PARACETAMOL TASTE MASKED ORALLY

... The purpose of this research was to mask the intensely bitter taste of paracetamol and to formulate the orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). TasteMasked orally disintegrating tablets of paracetamol were prepared by Flash Tab Technology. Taste masked granules of paracetamol were prepared by coating ...
effects of cytochrome p450 enzyme inhibitors on the
effects of cytochrome p450 enzyme inhibitors on the

... Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a pivotal role in the metabolism of many drugs. Inhibition of CYP enzymes usually increases the plasma concentrations of their substrate drugs and can thus alter the safety and efficacy of these drugs. The metabolism of many widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammato ...
Development, Physical-Chemical Stability, and Release Studies of
Development, Physical-Chemical Stability, and Release Studies of

Mechanism-based Inhibition: Deriving KI and kinact
Mechanism-based Inhibition: Deriving KI and kinact

... consequence, most studies and ranking schemes related to MBI rely on the inhibition constant (KI) and the rate of enzyme inactivation (kinact) rather than on IC50 values. In this article we derive a novel relation between potentially time-dependent IC50 values and KI, kinact parameters for different ...
INTERACTION BETWEEN GRAPEFRUIT JUICE AND DRUGS*
INTERACTION BETWEEN GRAPEFRUIT JUICE AND DRUGS*

... juice, it is evident that this inhibition is not a simple competitive action on the metabolism of the substrate. Grapefruit juice reduced the post-translational CYP3A4 protein content without affecting CYP3A4 mRNA in the small intestine, suggesting that this is an irreversible enzyme inhibition with ...
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND METHOD VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND METHOD VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION

... inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis also improves glycemic control while reducing circulating insulin levels. It is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (previously known as non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) in monotherapy and in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or ...
Development and Evaluation of Enteric Coated Tablet Containing
Development and Evaluation of Enteric Coated Tablet Containing

... agent) were mixed vigorously for half an hour. The coloring agent (Amaranth) was also added to the solution and filtered with a muslin cloth. 200 uncoated tablets were taken in a mini coating pan at 107 rpm (optimum) to develop three different batches. Coating solution was applied through spray gun ...
formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets
formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets

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Plateau principle

The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry and system dynamics. It applies whenever a drug or nutrient is infused or ingested at a relatively constant rate and when a constant fraction is eliminated during each time interval. Under these conditions, any change in the rate of infusion leads to an exponential increase or decrease until a new level is achieved. This behavior is also called an approach to steady state because rather than causing an indefinite increase or decrease, a natural balance is achieved when the rate of infusion or production is balanced by the rate of loss.An especially important use of the plateau principle is to study the renewal of tissue constituents in the human and animal body. In adults, daily synthesis of tissue constituents is nearly constant, and most constituents are removed with a first order reaction rate. Applicability of the plateau principle was recognized during radiotracer studies of protein turnover in the 1940s by Rudolph Schoenheimer and David Rittenberg. Unlike the case with drugs, the initial amount of tissue or tissue protein is not zero because daily synthesis offsets daily elimination. In this case, the model is also said to approach a steady state with exponential or logarithmic kinetics. Constituents that change in this manner are said to have a biological half-life.A practical application of the plateau principle is that most people have experienced ""plateauing"" during regimens for weight management or training for sports. After a few weeks of progress, one seems unable to continue gaining in ability or losing weight. This outcome results from the same underlying quantitative model. This entry will describe the popular concepts as well as development of the plateau principle as a scientific, mathematical model.In the sciences, the broadest application of the plateau principle is creating realistic time signatures for change in kinetic models (see Mathematical model). One example of this principle is the long time required to effectively change human body composition. Theoretical studies have shown that many months of consistent physical training and food restriction are needed to bring about permanent weight stability in people who were previously overweight.
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