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Vitamin D and type 1 diabetes mellitus: state of the art - Direct-MS
Vitamin D and type 1 diabetes mellitus: state of the art - Direct-MS

... seen in vitro and in vivo in animal models has been matched by vitamin D studies in human volunteers undergoing hyperglycaemic clamps [36]. In this study of individuals with different racial origins, 26% of the Caucasians and 54% of the African Americans were vitamin D deficient [defined as 25-OHD3 ...
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.43 No.6
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.43 No.6

The Vitamin D3 Pathway in Human Skin and its Role for Regulation
The Vitamin D3 Pathway in Human Skin and its Role for Regulation

... and differentiation of keratinocytes argues in particular for a link of therapeutical effect of UVB radiation in the treatment of psoriasis with the cutaneous vitamin D3 pathway. Interestingly, Su et al. (14) have previously demonstrated that free concentrations of calcitriol as low as 10-12 M (equi ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... at ambient temperature 25±20 C and 60±5%RH and in incubator 40±20 C and 75±5% RH for 3 months. Samples were collected at the end of 1 month, 2month and 3month and assayed to determine % drug degraded. There is no considerable degradation during the three months period of stability testing. ...
Reflection paper on the data requirements for - EMA
Reflection paper on the data requirements for - EMA

... efficacy and safety compared to the innovator product. In general, the non-clinical studies to be performed prior to clinical studies should include comparative investigation of pharmacokinetics (including tissue distribution), toxicology and pharmacodynamics. However, the complexity of the particul ...
MULTIPLE UNIT EXTENDED RELEASE PELLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
MULTIPLE UNIT EXTENDED RELEASE PELLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

... The purpose of the present study is to develop and investigate the invitro performance of multiple unit extended release pellets of a model drug, Propranolol Hydrochloride (PPNL HCl) with extreme water solubility , short half-life that provides an effective blood pressure control in hypertension and ...
Full Text  - Global Science Books
Full Text - Global Science Books

... of aspirin (ASP), atorvastatin (ATO) and clopidogrel (CLO) in combined capsule dosage form have been developed and validated. The RP-HPLC method uses a Shimadzu LC 10 ATVP system with a Luna C18 column and acetonitrile: methanol: water (pH adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid) at pH 3.5 (50: 30: 20, ...
Proposed Standard Concentrations – Adult Continuous Infusion
Proposed Standard Concentrations – Adult Continuous Infusion

... for line patency, arterial-lines, etc. Hospitals should try to standardize the dosing units, however we recognize that weight based and flat dose is used in practice given indication. Please just try to be clear for nursing on the eMAR and in the smart pump programming to prevent errors This is for ...
ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION OF NIFEDIPINE BY SURFACE SOLID DISPERSION  TECHNIQUE  Research Article   
ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION OF NIFEDIPINE BY SURFACE SOLID DISPERSION  TECHNIQUE  Research Article   

... by their solubility and dissolution rate. Several studies were carried  out to increase the dissolution rate of drugs [1]. One such study was  solid  dispersion  which  has  shown  promising  results  in  improving  solubility, wettability, dissolution  rate of  drug and  subsequently  its  bioavail ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION

... (±0.1ml/min), change in temperature (±50c), and change in wavelength (±2nm) during analysis. Sample solution of 100% concentration is prepared and injected in triplicate for every condition and % Assay was calculated for each condition (Table 6). Specificity Specificity was performed by separately in ...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REVERSE PHASE HPLC METHOD FOR
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REVERSE PHASE HPLC METHOD FOR

... Chemically, Fenofibrate is 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl) phenoxy]-2methyl-propanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester3. Fenofibric acid, the active metabolite of fenofibrate, produces reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotien B, Total triglyceride and triglyceride rich lipoprotein (VLDL) in t ...
Quantification of Pharmacodynamic Interactions between
Quantification of Pharmacodynamic Interactions between

... C AN ⫹ EC50A, appN ...
Syllabus
Syllabus

... Note: Examiner to set eight questions and the candidates are required to attempt any five. 1. Introduction: Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy. (2) 2. Sources of drugs: Biological, marine, geographical and plant tissue cultures. (4) 3. Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, ...
Mathematical Formalisms in Scientific Practice: From Denotation to
Mathematical Formalisms in Scientific Practice: From Denotation to

An Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Mesna in
An Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Mesna in

... hoematuria and proteinuria throughout the treatment period. However, frequent emptying of the bladder should be avoided. recently mesna used as antioxidant agent against acetaminophen toxicity(4) .Mesna is rapidly oxidized to dimesna, so in pharmaceutical formulation it must be stabilized using EDTA ...
INVESTIGATION OF THE IN VITRO METABOLISM PROFILE OF A
INVESTIGATION OF THE IN VITRO METABOLISM PROFILE OF A

... fragment ions represented the sequential elimination of methyl pyridyl, cyclopentyl, and methoxy moieties from the protonated molecule (Table 2). Collision-induced dissociation of the molecular ion (B/E linked scan) also produced the same fragment ions (data not shown), and therefore, did not offer ...
Intra-patient Dose Escalation
Intra-patient Dose Escalation

... Commonly acknowledged that more advanced and innovative methods are needed using accumulated information – such as Bayesian methodologies ...
Serum Creatinine Measuring serum creatinine is a useful and
Serum Creatinine Measuring serum creatinine is a useful and

... Shock ...
Advances in Osteoporosis
Advances in Osteoporosis

... • A 4-yr prospective, placebo-controlled study of 1100 IU vitamin D3 and/or 1400 mg calcium and cancer risk in 1179 post-menopausal women ...
Muscle wasting and changes in muscle protein metabolism in R.T. Jagoe
Muscle wasting and changes in muscle protein metabolism in R.T. Jagoe

... isotopes of amino acids (13C, 2H or 15N). 3-MH, acquires its methyl group after translation, is not re-utilised for protein synthesis or metabolised after release during proteolysis, and is excreted in the urine. As w90% of 3-MH residues are in actin and myosin in skeletal muscle, timed urinary excr ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... rate and blood pressure can be significant during and after extraction as the local anaesthetic solutions contain adrenaline in different concentrations [1]. Some centres have also used clonidine with lignocaine instead of adrenaline. Clonidine is α – 2 adrenoreceptor agonist with both central and p ...
Document
Document

10.4103_0975-1483.63169
10.4103_0975-1483.63169

... with an excessive cardiovascular risk.[3] Lipid lowering drugs (statins) are prescribed in patients of diabetes for the prevention of complications of diabetes like cardiovascular diseases or diabetic dyslipidemia.[4,5] The greatest effects are seen with the most potent statins such as simvastatin, ...
12146005
12146005

... effects associated with drug. The aim of the present study was to design and develop an optimized once daily oral sustained release matrix tablet formulation of a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Ketorolac Tromethamine. Ketorolac Tromethamine has a short biological half-life of 4 ...
Understanding Oral Bioavailability Challenges Associated With
Understanding Oral Bioavailability Challenges Associated With

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Plateau principle

The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry and system dynamics. It applies whenever a drug or nutrient is infused or ingested at a relatively constant rate and when a constant fraction is eliminated during each time interval. Under these conditions, any change in the rate of infusion leads to an exponential increase or decrease until a new level is achieved. This behavior is also called an approach to steady state because rather than causing an indefinite increase or decrease, a natural balance is achieved when the rate of infusion or production is balanced by the rate of loss.An especially important use of the plateau principle is to study the renewal of tissue constituents in the human and animal body. In adults, daily synthesis of tissue constituents is nearly constant, and most constituents are removed with a first order reaction rate. Applicability of the plateau principle was recognized during radiotracer studies of protein turnover in the 1940s by Rudolph Schoenheimer and David Rittenberg. Unlike the case with drugs, the initial amount of tissue or tissue protein is not zero because daily synthesis offsets daily elimination. In this case, the model is also said to approach a steady state with exponential or logarithmic kinetics. Constituents that change in this manner are said to have a biological half-life.A practical application of the plateau principle is that most people have experienced ""plateauing"" during regimens for weight management or training for sports. After a few weeks of progress, one seems unable to continue gaining in ability or losing weight. This outcome results from the same underlying quantitative model. This entry will describe the popular concepts as well as development of the plateau principle as a scientific, mathematical model.In the sciences, the broadest application of the plateau principle is creating realistic time signatures for change in kinetic models (see Mathematical model). One example of this principle is the long time required to effectively change human body composition. Theoretical studies have shown that many months of consistent physical training and food restriction are needed to bring about permanent weight stability in people who were previously overweight.
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