Construction of Catalase Double Knockout Escherichia coli Strain
... background (2). The purpose of this experiment was to create a katE/katG double catalase knockout strain on the same background. This was done by knocking out katG from the existing katE knockout strain with kanamycin resistance cassette insertion via the Lambda Red recombination system (mechanism m ...
... background (2). The purpose of this experiment was to create a katE/katG double catalase knockout strain on the same background. This was done by knocking out katG from the existing katE knockout strain with kanamycin resistance cassette insertion via the Lambda Red recombination system (mechanism m ...
Programmed Materials Synthesis with DNA
... which is a consequence of the branched DNA building blocks used in their preparation. This limits the potential use of these materials as physical templates for organizing other materials (i.e., proteins, nanoscale inorganic and organic building blocks) into welldefined, three-dimensional structures ...
... which is a consequence of the branched DNA building blocks used in their preparation. This limits the potential use of these materials as physical templates for organizing other materials (i.e., proteins, nanoscale inorganic and organic building blocks) into welldefined, three-dimensional structures ...
Infertility and aneuploidy in mice lacking a type IA
... rabbit antibodies against Rad51 were purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO). To obtain polyclonal antibodies against mouse Top3, a DNA fragment corresponding to base pairs 1858–2592 of the mouse TOP3 coding sequence was amplified by the use of a pair of primers 5⬘-GGGAATTCCATATGCCCCTCTCG ...
... rabbit antibodies against Rad51 were purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO). To obtain polyclonal antibodies against mouse Top3, a DNA fragment corresponding to base pairs 1858–2592 of the mouse TOP3 coding sequence was amplified by the use of a pair of primers 5⬘-GGGAATTCCATATGCCCCTCTCG ...
Non-homologous end-joining factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are considered to be a severe form of DNA damage, because if left unrepaired, they can cause a cell death and, if misrepaired, they can lead to genomic instability and, ultimately, the development of cancer in multicellular organisms. The budding yeast Saccharomyces ce ...
... DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are considered to be a severe form of DNA damage, because if left unrepaired, they can cause a cell death and, if misrepaired, they can lead to genomic instability and, ultimately, the development of cancer in multicellular organisms. The budding yeast Saccharomyces ce ...
Recombination in HIV and the evolution of drug resistance: for better
... random reshuffling of the two parental genomes. However, in contrast to sexual reproduction in higher organisms, there are no distinct sexes in retroviruses. More importantly, in retroviruses recombination of parental genes is frequency dependent,(4) since it requires multiple infections of a single ...
... random reshuffling of the two parental genomes. However, in contrast to sexual reproduction in higher organisms, there are no distinct sexes in retroviruses. More importantly, in retroviruses recombination of parental genes is frequency dependent,(4) since it requires multiple infections of a single ...
An Introduction to DNA and Genetic Genealogy
... afford as this saves money in the long run. Your personal goals and finances should be considered when determining how many markers to test. ...
... afford as this saves money in the long run. Your personal goals and finances should be considered when determining how many markers to test. ...
Structural characterization and DNA-binding properties of
... A large amount of biological experiments had elucidated that DNA was the primary intracellular target of anticancer drugs due to the interaction between small molecules and DNA, which caused DNA damage in cancer cells, blocking the division of cancer cells and resulting in cell death [1,2]. Of these ...
... A large amount of biological experiments had elucidated that DNA was the primary intracellular target of anticancer drugs due to the interaction between small molecules and DNA, which caused DNA damage in cancer cells, blocking the division of cancer cells and resulting in cell death [1,2]. Of these ...
DNA - IPN-Kiel
... (ii) make copies of itself so that this information can be passed on during cell division and from generation to generation In recent years, because of our increasing knowledge and understanding of DNA and its related molecule RNA, it has been possible to work with this genetic information and to us ...
... (ii) make copies of itself so that this information can be passed on during cell division and from generation to generation In recent years, because of our increasing knowledge and understanding of DNA and its related molecule RNA, it has been possible to work with this genetic information and to us ...
Divergent roles for the two PolI-like organelle DNA polymerases of
... required for the repair of DNA. In that case one can predict that the DSBs induced by ciprofloxacin will accumulate to higher levels in polIb-1 plants than in WT or polIa-1 plants. This was tested by measuring the level of DNA lesions in plastid and mitochondrial DNA using a PCR approach (Yakes and ...
... required for the repair of DNA. In that case one can predict that the DSBs induced by ciprofloxacin will accumulate to higher levels in polIb-1 plants than in WT or polIa-1 plants. This was tested by measuring the level of DNA lesions in plastid and mitochondrial DNA using a PCR approach (Yakes and ...
Chapter 21 - University of Hawaii
... C.transcription always follows translation D.many organisms have the same proteins 38. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is, by definition, a: A.a mutation B.a base pair C.a gene D.a chromatid 39. 39.The bases of DNA form what we can think of as "code words" representing the different amino ...
... C.transcription always follows translation D.many organisms have the same proteins 38. A section of DNA that codes for a protein is, by definition, a: A.a mutation B.a base pair C.a gene D.a chromatid 39. 39.The bases of DNA form what we can think of as "code words" representing the different amino ...
Molecular Structure of the GARP Family of Plant Myb
... variant (GGAT), as shown in Figure 5A. The presumed minimum DNA binding domain of 64 amino acids (i.e., ARR10-B) was used for the gel-shift assays. The results are shown in Figure 5A. The purified ARR10-B displayed an ability to associate efficiently with AGATT and to associate slightly less efficie ...
... variant (GGAT), as shown in Figure 5A. The presumed minimum DNA binding domain of 64 amino acids (i.e., ARR10-B) was used for the gel-shift assays. The results are shown in Figure 5A. The purified ARR10-B displayed an ability to associate efficiently with AGATT and to associate slightly less efficie ...
DNA structure 2008
... Sequence of events a typical chromosome follows during the cell cycle: The DNA replicates in interphase beginning at the origins of replication and proceeding bidirectionally from the origins across the chromosome. Many origins are required to ensure that the entire chromosome can be replicated rapi ...
... Sequence of events a typical chromosome follows during the cell cycle: The DNA replicates in interphase beginning at the origins of replication and proceeding bidirectionally from the origins across the chromosome. Many origins are required to ensure that the entire chromosome can be replicated rapi ...
slides
... The optimum length of a primer depends upon its (A+T) content, and the Tm of its partner (to avoid large differences) Another prime consideration is that the primers should be complex enough so that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. Lengths are genera ...
... The optimum length of a primer depends upon its (A+T) content, and the Tm of its partner (to avoid large differences) Another prime consideration is that the primers should be complex enough so that the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. Lengths are genera ...
In vitro Selection for a Max 1s DNA Genetic Algorithm
... having 100 As and Gs. But as far as we know very few, if any, such DNA bitstrings code for biologically active functions. Or to put it another way, virtually all sequences are equally \meaningful" for the purposes of genetic algorithms. In contrast, in vitro evolution focuses on variations of the ve ...
... having 100 As and Gs. But as far as we know very few, if any, such DNA bitstrings code for biologically active functions. Or to put it another way, virtually all sequences are equally \meaningful" for the purposes of genetic algorithms. In contrast, in vitro evolution focuses on variations of the ve ...
CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULES IN THE GENUS
... from the mitochondrial fraction is highly enriched in DNA I1 and poly dAT; this suggests, by analogy, that the DNA I1 in D. melanogaster corresponds to the circular DNA 11’s found in other species. Another method for determining which DNA’s in Drosophila are closed circular molecules is that of WEIL ...
... from the mitochondrial fraction is highly enriched in DNA I1 and poly dAT; this suggests, by analogy, that the DNA I1 in D. melanogaster corresponds to the circular DNA 11’s found in other species. Another method for determining which DNA’s in Drosophila are closed circular molecules is that of WEIL ...
Isolation of High-Quality DNA from a Desert Plant
... Initial tests for DNA isolation from the leaves of R. soongorica were carried out with the modified CTAB-A method and the Plant Genomic DNA Kit (TIANGEN Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing). The modified CTAB-A method was modified based on the classical Doyle and Doyle (1987) method. The steps of the modifie ...
... Initial tests for DNA isolation from the leaves of R. soongorica were carried out with the modified CTAB-A method and the Plant Genomic DNA Kit (TIANGEN Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing). The modified CTAB-A method was modified based on the classical Doyle and Doyle (1987) method. The steps of the modifie ...
On Map Representations of DNA†
... having about 160 amino acids, takes about 15 minutes by using only pen and pencil (no calculator or computer). The high efficiency of the exact solution is due to the fact that the algorithm identifies also pairs of adjacent amino which appear only in one sequence and not in the other, and thus elim ...
... having about 160 amino acids, takes about 15 minutes by using only pen and pencil (no calculator or computer). The high efficiency of the exact solution is due to the fact that the algorithm identifies also pairs of adjacent amino which appear only in one sequence and not in the other, and thus elim ...
Are Human Genes Patentable Subject Matter?
... information contained in the deoxyribonucleic acid ("DNA") molecule in favor of a purely structural approach.4 The court incorrectly concluded that an isolated DNA molecule is "markedly different" from native DNA because of minor structural differences. 5 The court discounted the fact that both the ...
... information contained in the deoxyribonucleic acid ("DNA") molecule in favor of a purely structural approach.4 The court incorrectly concluded that an isolated DNA molecule is "markedly different" from native DNA because of minor structural differences. 5 The court discounted the fact that both the ...
DNA Mimic Proteins: Functions, Structures, and Bioinformatic Analysis
... domain within the protein. The shapes of DNA mimic proteins can be very different. For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis MfpA uses a righthanded β-helix to form a rodlike shape, while bacteriophage Ocr has a croissantlike shape that mimics bent double-stranded DNA. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli DinI, ...
... domain within the protein. The shapes of DNA mimic proteins can be very different. For example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis MfpA uses a righthanded β-helix to form a rodlike shape, while bacteriophage Ocr has a croissantlike shape that mimics bent double-stranded DNA. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli DinI, ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - G
... In a normal cell the DNA is unwound by specific enzymes. The second step is hybridization or annealing. The Taq polymerase requires a short piece of RNA to initiate DNA replication, which in a normal cell is synthesized by the RNA polymerase. In the PCR reaction, short complimentary double st ...
... In a normal cell the DNA is unwound by specific enzymes. The second step is hybridization or annealing. The Taq polymerase requires a short piece of RNA to initiate DNA replication, which in a normal cell is synthesized by the RNA polymerase. In the PCR reaction, short complimentary double st ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - G
... In a normal cell the DNA is unwound by specific enzymes. The second step is hybridization or annealing. The Taq polymerase requires a short piece of RNA to initiate DNA replication, which in a normal cell is synthesized by the RNA polymerase. In the PCR reaction, short complimentary double st ...
... In a normal cell the DNA is unwound by specific enzymes. The second step is hybridization or annealing. The Taq polymerase requires a short piece of RNA to initiate DNA replication, which in a normal cell is synthesized by the RNA polymerase. In the PCR reaction, short complimentary double st ...
Technological applications arising from the interactions of DNA
... pairs (Figure 2a) [12,13]. In addition, new versions of molecular beacon probes, consisting of hairpin-structured DNA possessing fluorophore-quencher pairs at both ends, have been constructed to monitor DNA hybridization and to detect small molecules. The hydrogen bonding pattern in the DNA stem reg ...
... pairs (Figure 2a) [12,13]. In addition, new versions of molecular beacon probes, consisting of hairpin-structured DNA possessing fluorophore-quencher pairs at both ends, have been constructed to monitor DNA hybridization and to detect small molecules. The hydrogen bonding pattern in the DNA stem reg ...
Reaction of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Antinative DNA
... characterization of the test antigen, the assay conditions, and quantitation, high DNA binding activity and SLE remain closely and nearly uniquely correlated (7). Most SLE patients are ill when their sera contain antinative DNA, but some produce DNA-binding antibodies at times of little disease acti ...
... characterization of the test antigen, the assay conditions, and quantitation, high DNA binding activity and SLE remain closely and nearly uniquely correlated (7). Most SLE patients are ill when their sera contain antinative DNA, but some produce DNA-binding antibodies at times of little disease acti ...
Genetic Analysis of Variation in Human Meiotic Recombination
... Meiotic recombination is essential for the formation of human gametes and is a key process that generates genetic diversity. Given its importance, we would expect the number and location of exchanges to be tightly regulated. However, studies show significant gender and interindividual variation in g ...
... Meiotic recombination is essential for the formation of human gametes and is a key process that generates genetic diversity. Given its importance, we would expect the number and location of exchanges to be tightly regulated. However, studies show significant gender and interindividual variation in g ...
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... organization and the ability of CEN to impart chromosomal stability. The chromatin components involved in the structural integrity of this chromosomal domain are therefore requisite for function. Isolation and characterization of the CEN DNA-binding proteins will be essential in a description of the ...
... organization and the ability of CEN to impart chromosomal stability. The chromatin components involved in the structural integrity of this chromosomal domain are therefore requisite for function. Isolation and characterization of the CEN DNA-binding proteins will be essential in a description of the ...
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It is most widely used by cells to accurately repair harmful breaks that occur on both strands of DNA, known as double-strand breaks. Homologous recombination also produces new combinations of DNA sequences during meiosis, the process by which eukaryotes make gamete cells, like sperm and egg cells in animals. These new combinations of DNA represent genetic variation in offspring, which in turn enables populations to adapt during the course of evolution. Homologous recombination is also used in horizontal gene transfer to exchange genetic material between different strains and species of bacteria and viruses.Although homologous recombination varies widely among different organisms and cell types, most forms involve the same basic steps. After a double-strand break occurs, sections of DNA around the 5' ends of the break are cut away in a process called resection. In the strand invasion step that follows, an overhanging 3' end of the broken DNA molecule then ""invades"" a similar or identical DNA molecule that is not broken. After strand invasion, the further sequence of events may follow either of two main pathways discussed below (see Models); the DSBR (double-strand break repair) pathway or the SDSA (synthesis-dependent strand annealing) pathway. Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break.Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as viruses, suggesting that it is a nearly universal biological mechanism. The discovery of genes for homologous recombination in protists—a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms—has been interpreted as evidence that meiosis emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes. Since their dysfunction has been strongly associated with increased susceptibility to several types of cancer, the proteins that facilitate homologous recombination are topics of active research. Homologous recombination is also used in gene targeting, a technique for introducing genetic changes into target organisms. For their development of this technique, Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.