J. Biol. Chem.
... inhibiting DNA religation. During S-phase, these ternary Top1-DNA-drug intermediates are converted into potentially lethal lesions, which induce cell cycle arrest and cell death. TPT and CPT-11 have been approved for first and second line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer and second line treat ...
... inhibiting DNA religation. During S-phase, these ternary Top1-DNA-drug intermediates are converted into potentially lethal lesions, which induce cell cycle arrest and cell death. TPT and CPT-11 have been approved for first and second line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer and second line treat ...
DNA Review Sheet Plus 10 points on the exam tomorrow
... 4. The two strands of DNA are held together in the middle by what type of weak bonds – give the name of the bond? Hydrogen 5. What does complementary mean? 2 things that fit or go together Use Replication Notes to answer the following questions. 6. When does a cell replicate (copy) it’s DNA – right ...
... 4. The two strands of DNA are held together in the middle by what type of weak bonds – give the name of the bond? Hydrogen 5. What does complementary mean? 2 things that fit or go together Use Replication Notes to answer the following questions. 6. When does a cell replicate (copy) it’s DNA – right ...
A novel assay for examining the molecular
... significant enrichment of high molecular weight products and replication intermediates during isolation (Fig. 2B, lane 2). Although the basis of this enrichment has not been determined, we hypothesize that these forms of DNA may have a more open shape and thus are more easily bound to the paramagnet ...
... significant enrichment of high molecular weight products and replication intermediates during isolation (Fig. 2B, lane 2). Although the basis of this enrichment has not been determined, we hypothesize that these forms of DNA may have a more open shape and thus are more easily bound to the paramagnet ...
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA
... proteins and DNA assemble to make new viruses that are subsequently released from the cell by lysis (i.e., cell breakage). To verify that DNA is the genetic material of T2, Hershey and Chase devised a method to separate the phage coat, which is attached to the outside of the bacterium, from the gene ...
... proteins and DNA assemble to make new viruses that are subsequently released from the cell by lysis (i.e., cell breakage). To verify that DNA is the genetic material of T2, Hershey and Chase devised a method to separate the phage coat, which is attached to the outside of the bacterium, from the gene ...
as Adobe PDF - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... longer arrest cell growth are still able to bind to RP-A, and p53 might even enhance DNA replication, since the transactivation domain of p53 fused to the DNA binding region of Gal4 has been found to stimulate polyomavirus or bovine papillomavirus DNA replication (He et al., 1993; Li and Botchan, 19 ...
... longer arrest cell growth are still able to bind to RP-A, and p53 might even enhance DNA replication, since the transactivation domain of p53 fused to the DNA binding region of Gal4 has been found to stimulate polyomavirus or bovine papillomavirus DNA replication (He et al., 1993; Li and Botchan, 19 ...
bis-locked nucleic acids: a new tool for double helix invasion
... ensure the integrity of genetic information, the bases are on the inside the double helix whereas the phosphate and sugar groups are on the outside. Thus, most DNA information is not accessible until DNA is unwound prior to replication or transcription. In cells, enzymes called helicases achieve DNA ...
... ensure the integrity of genetic information, the bases are on the inside the double helix whereas the phosphate and sugar groups are on the outside. Thus, most DNA information is not accessible until DNA is unwound prior to replication or transcription. In cells, enzymes called helicases achieve DNA ...
Unraveling DNA helicases
... [3]. The seven motifs of SF1 and SF2 are usually clustered in a region of 200–700 amino acids, the core region. These conserved motifs are separated by stretches of low sequence but high length conservation. In contrast, the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of helicases are characterized by a high ...
... [3]. The seven motifs of SF1 and SF2 are usually clustered in a region of 200–700 amino acids, the core region. These conserved motifs are separated by stretches of low sequence but high length conservation. In contrast, the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of helicases are characterized by a high ...
dissertationes biologicae universitatis tartuensis 118
... DNA helicases are mostly involved in transcription, but also in telomere biogenesis. Helicases interact with single-stranded nucleic acids and move along them in certain orientation in regard to the sugar-phosphate backbone. Therefore helicases can be characterized by the orientation of this movemen ...
... DNA helicases are mostly involved in transcription, but also in telomere biogenesis. Helicases interact with single-stranded nucleic acids and move along them in certain orientation in regard to the sugar-phosphate backbone. Therefore helicases can be characterized by the orientation of this movemen ...
Lecture 19 POWERPOINT here
... • One can use the techniques of cell biology to manufacture artificial and real products, be they genes, proteins, or organisms • If you want to insert some DNA into another molecule then the best place to start is to use the same restriction enzyme to cut both - so they have the same ends. ...
... • One can use the techniques of cell biology to manufacture artificial and real products, be they genes, proteins, or organisms • If you want to insert some DNA into another molecule then the best place to start is to use the same restriction enzyme to cut both - so they have the same ends. ...
Detection of DNA molecules by SERS spectroscopy with silvered
... guanine, adenine), 1490 cm1 (guanine, adenine), and 1581 cm1 (guanine, adenine) are the characteristic Raman bands of the herring sperm DNA molecules [10]. SERS spectra were collected in 10 random points of the silvered PS. Remarkably, the silvered PS demonstrates SERS activity for all lasers prov ...
... guanine, adenine), 1490 cm1 (guanine, adenine), and 1581 cm1 (guanine, adenine) are the characteristic Raman bands of the herring sperm DNA molecules [10]. SERS spectra were collected in 10 random points of the silvered PS. Remarkably, the silvered PS demonstrates SERS activity for all lasers prov ...
Monopolar spindle attachment of sister chromatids is ensured by two
... chromosomes. Through this study, we show that the monopolar attachment of sister chromatids is established by two distinct mechanisms: one is independent of homologous chromosomes while the other is dependent on the homologous chromosomes. We provide evidence that the co-operation of these two mecha ...
... chromosomes. Through this study, we show that the monopolar attachment of sister chromatids is established by two distinct mechanisms: one is independent of homologous chromosomes while the other is dependent on the homologous chromosomes. We provide evidence that the co-operation of these two mecha ...
biomolecules (introduction, structure and functions)
... factors, enzymes, splicing factors). Many of these proteins have a significant effect on DNA or RNA conformation. Interactions with proteins may be general or sequence specific and may involve subtle or overt changes in structure. The restriction enzymes EcoRI and EcoRV, for e.g., both introduce a p ...
... factors, enzymes, splicing factors). Many of these proteins have a significant effect on DNA or RNA conformation. Interactions with proteins may be general or sequence specific and may involve subtle or overt changes in structure. The restriction enzymes EcoRI and EcoRV, for e.g., both introduce a p ...
Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses
... recombination between A59 and JHM, and yet they occurred frequently between MHV-2 and A59.7 As discussed below, this finding probably reflects the possibility that recombinants with chimeric viral proteins derived from certain pairs of parental viruses might be unstable or have an inferior replicati ...
... recombination between A59 and JHM, and yet they occurred frequently between MHV-2 and A59.7 As discussed below, this finding probably reflects the possibility that recombinants with chimeric viral proteins derived from certain pairs of parental viruses might be unstable or have an inferior replicati ...
selection for recombination in small populations
... origin and persistence of sex and recombination (Morgan 1913; Fisher 1930; Muller 1932; Haldane 1990), and it relies on the stochastic nature of evolution in small populations. In infinitely large populations, every genotype already exists; thus, as long as there is no epistasis and no initial linka ...
... origin and persistence of sex and recombination (Morgan 1913; Fisher 1930; Muller 1932; Haldane 1990), and it relies on the stochastic nature of evolution in small populations. In infinitely large populations, every genotype already exists; thus, as long as there is no epistasis and no initial linka ...
molecular biology
... One of the most essential properties of living organisms is the ability to replicate themselves as the organisms possess a complete description of themselves. This description is in the form of an instruction set which specifies each step required for the cell to construct its exact replica. A copy ...
... One of the most essential properties of living organisms is the ability to replicate themselves as the organisms possess a complete description of themselves. This description is in the form of an instruction set which specifies each step required for the cell to construct its exact replica. A copy ...
Principles of Genetic Variation
... variation manifests. In Section 4.4 we deal with functional genetic variation. Here, we examine in a general way how variation in the sequences of protein products is determined both by genetic variation and by posttranscriptional modification. In this section we also deal with aspects of population ...
... variation manifests. In Section 4.4 we deal with functional genetic variation. Here, we examine in a general way how variation in the sequences of protein products is determined both by genetic variation and by posttranscriptional modification. In this section we also deal with aspects of population ...
PDF
... clustered into short hotspots a few kb in length [7–10]. In human and mouse, these hotspots are found to be enriched for a DNA motif recognised by the protein PRDM9 [11–14]. This protein binds to the DNA motif and catalyses a histone modification that acts as a mark for the formation of a DNA double ...
... clustered into short hotspots a few kb in length [7–10]. In human and mouse, these hotspots are found to be enriched for a DNA motif recognised by the protein PRDM9 [11–14]. This protein binds to the DNA motif and catalyses a histone modification that acts as a mark for the formation of a DNA double ...
Infectivity analysis of two variable DNA B components of Mungbean
... The CR, which carries the origin of replication, exhibits high sequence identity between the cognate DNA A and DNA B of a given bipartite geminivirus (Lazarowitz 1992). The length of CR sequences in MYMV-Vig DNA A and DNA Bs was determined as 150-nt based on the nucleotide sequence homology. The CR ...
... The CR, which carries the origin of replication, exhibits high sequence identity between the cognate DNA A and DNA B of a given bipartite geminivirus (Lazarowitz 1992). The length of CR sequences in MYMV-Vig DNA A and DNA Bs was determined as 150-nt based on the nucleotide sequence homology. The CR ...
Synapsis-Mediated Fusion of Free DNA Ends Forms Inverted Dimer Plasmids in Yeast.
... When yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is transformed with linearized plasmid DNA and the ends of the plasmid do not share homology with the yeast genome, circular inverted (head-to-head) dimer plasmids are theprincipal product of repair. By measurements of the DNA concentration dependence of transfo ...
... When yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is transformed with linearized plasmid DNA and the ends of the plasmid do not share homology with the yeast genome, circular inverted (head-to-head) dimer plasmids are theprincipal product of repair. By measurements of the DNA concentration dependence of transfo ...
Characterization of a novel DNA polymerase activity assay enabling
... diluted in Tris–EDTA, and 5 ml of each stock were added to bead mill lysis tubes containing 50 ml DPE reaction mixture (see above for composition). A titration curve of 1 105 to 1 100 cfu/reaction was performed in triplicate for each organism, including triplicate reactions without bacterial sus ...
... diluted in Tris–EDTA, and 5 ml of each stock were added to bead mill lysis tubes containing 50 ml DPE reaction mixture (see above for composition). A titration curve of 1 105 to 1 100 cfu/reaction was performed in triplicate for each organism, including triplicate reactions without bacterial sus ...
DNA/RNA/Transcription/Translation Chapter CHAP 13 all reading
... colleagues used enzymes to destroy each of these molecules in heatkilled S bacteria. They found that bacteria that were missing protein and RNA were able to transform R cells into S cells. However, bacteria that were missing DNA did not transform R cells. The scientists concluded that DNA is respons ...
... colleagues used enzymes to destroy each of these molecules in heatkilled S bacteria. They found that bacteria that were missing protein and RNA were able to transform R cells into S cells. However, bacteria that were missing DNA did not transform R cells. The scientists concluded that DNA is respons ...
Cell-cycle-specific activators of the Mec1/ATR
... DNA double-strand breaks have to be processed to generate 3 -ssDNA tails for repair by homologous recombination, but this process also serves to recruit the checkpoint machinery [2,3]. Replication stress has been shown to generate long stretches of ssDNA, most likely because of uncoupling of the DN ...
... DNA double-strand breaks have to be processed to generate 3 -ssDNA tails for repair by homologous recombination, but this process also serves to recruit the checkpoint machinery [2,3]. Replication stress has been shown to generate long stretches of ssDNA, most likely because of uncoupling of the DN ...
Homologous recombination in budding yeast expressing the human
... genome structure (9–12). RAD51 is the central strand exchange protein from yeast to humans (13,14). In human cells, the function of HsRAD51 in conservative HR requires an array of additional proteins, including the tumor suppressor and recombination mediator, BRCA2 (15–19). Loss of BRCA2 function co ...
... genome structure (9–12). RAD51 is the central strand exchange protein from yeast to humans (13,14). In human cells, the function of HsRAD51 in conservative HR requires an array of additional proteins, including the tumor suppressor and recombination mediator, BRCA2 (15–19). Loss of BRCA2 function co ...
Chapter 20
... The plasmid can be engineered to have a lacZ gene within the polylinker (mcs) as shown above. How does this help? If the gene gets inserted, the lacZ gene will be non-functional. If the gene is not inserted then lacZ will be fine. I still don’t see how this helps… First, remember what lacZ does…It c ...
... The plasmid can be engineered to have a lacZ gene within the polylinker (mcs) as shown above. How does this help? If the gene gets inserted, the lacZ gene will be non-functional. If the gene is not inserted then lacZ will be fine. I still don’t see how this helps… First, remember what lacZ does…It c ...
GloFish GMO`s at home: GFP Mice GMO`s in research: GMO`s in
... Here you can see that when no vector (-DNA) was used as a control in the transformation, the bacteria grew only on the LB plate, not the plate with ampicillin. What you see on the LB plate is known as a “lawn” of bacteria , which means that so many grew that all the colonies mix together and just Wh ...
... Here you can see that when no vector (-DNA) was used as a control in the transformation, the bacteria grew only on the LB plate, not the plate with ampicillin. What you see on the LB plate is known as a “lawn” of bacteria , which means that so many grew that all the colonies mix together and just Wh ...
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It is most widely used by cells to accurately repair harmful breaks that occur on both strands of DNA, known as double-strand breaks. Homologous recombination also produces new combinations of DNA sequences during meiosis, the process by which eukaryotes make gamete cells, like sperm and egg cells in animals. These new combinations of DNA represent genetic variation in offspring, which in turn enables populations to adapt during the course of evolution. Homologous recombination is also used in horizontal gene transfer to exchange genetic material between different strains and species of bacteria and viruses.Although homologous recombination varies widely among different organisms and cell types, most forms involve the same basic steps. After a double-strand break occurs, sections of DNA around the 5' ends of the break are cut away in a process called resection. In the strand invasion step that follows, an overhanging 3' end of the broken DNA molecule then ""invades"" a similar or identical DNA molecule that is not broken. After strand invasion, the further sequence of events may follow either of two main pathways discussed below (see Models); the DSBR (double-strand break repair) pathway or the SDSA (synthesis-dependent strand annealing) pathway. Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break.Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as viruses, suggesting that it is a nearly universal biological mechanism. The discovery of genes for homologous recombination in protists—a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms—has been interpreted as evidence that meiosis emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes. Since their dysfunction has been strongly associated with increased susceptibility to several types of cancer, the proteins that facilitate homologous recombination are topics of active research. Homologous recombination is also used in gene targeting, a technique for introducing genetic changes into target organisms. For their development of this technique, Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.