XRCC1 interacts with the p58 subunit of DNA Pol a
... base excision repair (BER) and single strand break repair (SSBR), through the association with and stimulation of several key enzymes involved at different steps of these pathways [reviewed in (1,2)]. The two BRCT domains (BRCT1, from amino acids 314 to 403; and BRCT2, from amino acids 538 to 633) of ...
... base excision repair (BER) and single strand break repair (SSBR), through the association with and stimulation of several key enzymes involved at different steps of these pathways [reviewed in (1,2)]. The two BRCT domains (BRCT1, from amino acids 314 to 403; and BRCT2, from amino acids 538 to 633) of ...
double-strand break repair pathways in dna structure
... revolutionary discovery by Watson and Crick in 1953 of the canonical B-form righthanded DNA double helix conformation (displayed on the top in Figure 1) (5). On the contrary, the field increased with many other findings in the study of the dynamics of DNA structure, specifically identifying and char ...
... revolutionary discovery by Watson and Crick in 1953 of the canonical B-form righthanded DNA double helix conformation (displayed on the top in Figure 1) (5). On the contrary, the field increased with many other findings in the study of the dynamics of DNA structure, specifically identifying and char ...
DNA denaturation in the rodlike polyelectrolyte model
... is ap . The use of the same diameter for double and single stranded is a simplification based in the closest proximity between the phosphate groups and the counterions that will be the same in both cases. We expect that this simplification will not affect the final results. The two strands repel eac ...
... is ap . The use of the same diameter for double and single stranded is a simplification based in the closest proximity between the phosphate groups and the counterions that will be the same in both cases. We expect that this simplification will not affect the final results. The two strands repel eac ...
Development of a qPCR Method to Measure Mitochondrial
... ultraviolet light and mutagens. To counter this, organisms use a complex network of pathways/ processes that sense and repair defects, collectively referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR) [1]. However, loss of function mutations or epigenetic silencing of DDR genes—which are associated with hum ...
... ultraviolet light and mutagens. To counter this, organisms use a complex network of pathways/ processes that sense and repair defects, collectively referred to as the DNA damage response (DDR) [1]. However, loss of function mutations or epigenetic silencing of DDR genes—which are associated with hum ...
Telomere maintenance without telomerase
... Dunn et al. (1984) for the healing of linear plasmids (Figure 1a). They proposed that the telomere shortening that occurs in the absence of telomerase results in loss of the essential `capping' function of a telomere, so that chromosome ends are now perceived as double strand breaks. Processing of t ...
... Dunn et al. (1984) for the healing of linear plasmids (Figure 1a). They proposed that the telomere shortening that occurs in the absence of telomerase results in loss of the essential `capping' function of a telomere, so that chromosome ends are now perceived as double strand breaks. Processing of t ...
The many twists and turns of DNA: template, telomere, tool, and target
... A handful of sequences make up a relatively large percentage of the entries. The Dickerson–Drew Dodecamer (DDD) of sequence d(CGCGAATTCGCG) is arguably the best example as this B-form duplex accounts for some 10% of all deposited structures. Recently, the most frequent short sequences in noncoding D ...
... A handful of sequences make up a relatively large percentage of the entries. The Dickerson–Drew Dodecamer (DDD) of sequence d(CGCGAATTCGCG) is arguably the best example as this B-form duplex accounts for some 10% of all deposited structures. Recently, the most frequent short sequences in noncoding D ...
The Mechanism of Insertion of a Segment of
... Haldenwang et al. (1980) constructed the plasmid p1949 in three stages, the net result being the union of pMB9 (TcR, 3.55 MDal) that had been linearized with HpaI, and pC194 (CmR, 2-0 MDal) that had been linearized with HpaII. As expected, the resultant chimaera is unable to transform B. subtilis to ...
... Haldenwang et al. (1980) constructed the plasmid p1949 in three stages, the net result being the union of pMB9 (TcR, 3.55 MDal) that had been linearized with HpaI, and pC194 (CmR, 2-0 MDal) that had been linearized with HpaII. As expected, the resultant chimaera is unable to transform B. subtilis to ...
Selecting for Mutant Reverse Transcriptases
... Summary: Combating HIV and other retroviruses is complicated by high rates of genetic variation, which leads to the rapid evolution of drug resistant strains. Genetic variation stems from mutations that arise when viral reverse transcriptase (RT) introduces base pair mismatches during conversion of ...
... Summary: Combating HIV and other retroviruses is complicated by high rates of genetic variation, which leads to the rapid evolution of drug resistant strains. Genetic variation stems from mutations that arise when viral reverse transcriptase (RT) introduces base pair mismatches during conversion of ...
The roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and associated proteins in the
... for GC in yeast, this does not seem to be the case in mammalian cells (Stark et al., 2004). This pathway is mainly active during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle following DNA replication, when a sister chromatid is available for use as a template for repair (Takata et al., 1998; Rothkamm et al ...
... for GC in yeast, this does not seem to be the case in mammalian cells (Stark et al., 2004). This pathway is mainly active during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle following DNA replication, when a sister chromatid is available for use as a template for repair (Takata et al., 1998; Rothkamm et al ...
Effect of DNA extraction and sample preservation method
... between published results. Several methods for the isolation of DNA from rumen contents have been compared [5, 6, 7], but the suitability of DNA released into the rumen environment has not been evaluated. Extracellular DNA has been used in the study of biodiversity of microbial populations in sedime ...
... between published results. Several methods for the isolation of DNA from rumen contents have been compared [5, 6, 7], but the suitability of DNA released into the rumen environment has not been evaluated. Extracellular DNA has been used in the study of biodiversity of microbial populations in sedime ...
Article - School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... of the central four strands of one monomer from each structure shows that the other monomers do not overlie, and are in fact displaced by as much as 4.3 Å in the outer helices. This alteration in the relationship of the monomers in the two structures leads to a narrower DNA binding cleft in BglII. B ...
... of the central four strands of one monomer from each structure shows that the other monomers do not overlie, and are in fact displaced by as much as 4.3 Å in the outer helices. This alteration in the relationship of the monomers in the two structures leads to a narrower DNA binding cleft in BglII. B ...
Original Article Accurate quantification standards of DNA via
... highly acidic absorption solution is not suitable for use with the IC columns. Further, the conventional loading of sample in the quartz holder [18] as pressed pellets was modified to load aqueous DNA stock solution directly on ashless filter paper through sequential pipetting and drying under infra ...
... highly acidic absorption solution is not suitable for use with the IC columns. Further, the conventional loading of sample in the quartz holder [18] as pressed pellets was modified to load aqueous DNA stock solution directly on ashless filter paper through sequential pipetting and drying under infra ...
chargaff symmetric stochastic processes
... Prokaryote and eukaryote dier also in DNA storage, that is more organized more evolved the organism is. For example, while the former do not separate the DNA from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane, the latter provide a nucleus to contain it. Furthermore, Eukaryotes package their DNA in highly or ...
... Prokaryote and eukaryote dier also in DNA storage, that is more organized more evolved the organism is. For example, while the former do not separate the DNA from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane, the latter provide a nucleus to contain it. Furthermore, Eukaryotes package their DNA in highly or ...
The Pif1 family in prokaryotes: what are our helicases doing in your
... paused and broken DNA replication forks (Ivessa et al., 2000, 2003). Mutations in RRM3 also result in local increases in recombination at regions containing sites of ScRrm3 action, such as the rDNA (Keil and McWilliams, 1993) and a tRNA-rich stretch of chromosome VII (Ivessa et al., 2003). Whereas m ...
... paused and broken DNA replication forks (Ivessa et al., 2000, 2003). Mutations in RRM3 also result in local increases in recombination at regions containing sites of ScRrm3 action, such as the rDNA (Keil and McWilliams, 1993) and a tRNA-rich stretch of chromosome VII (Ivessa et al., 2003). Whereas m ...
Chapter 16: THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE (DNA
... The genome is the sum total of genetic material of a cell. Although most of the genome exists in the form of chromosomes, genetic material can appear in nonchromosomal sites as well. For example, bacteria and some fungi contain tiny extra pieces of DNA called plasmids, and certain organelles of euka ...
... The genome is the sum total of genetic material of a cell. Although most of the genome exists in the form of chromosomes, genetic material can appear in nonchromosomal sites as well. For example, bacteria and some fungi contain tiny extra pieces of DNA called plasmids, and certain organelles of euka ...
The Structure of Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA,Viral nucleic acids
... mutations and recombination. A mutation changes the nature of the information transmitted from parent to offspring and thus represents a relatively drastic way of bring about variation. If the change is deleterious, the offspring may greatly handicap and may die soon after conception, or else it may ...
... mutations and recombination. A mutation changes the nature of the information transmitted from parent to offspring and thus represents a relatively drastic way of bring about variation. If the change is deleterious, the offspring may greatly handicap and may die soon after conception, or else it may ...
Physics of protein–DNA interaction
... and end points of a gene are marked by special “start” and “stop” signals. When a protein has to be synthesized, a specialized copying protein, RNA polymerase, transcribes a copy of a gene beginning at the start signal and ending at the stop signal (see Fig. 1). This copy is in the form of an RNA st ...
... and end points of a gene are marked by special “start” and “stop” signals. When a protein has to be synthesized, a specialized copying protein, RNA polymerase, transcribes a copy of a gene beginning at the start signal and ending at the stop signal (see Fig. 1). This copy is in the form of an RNA st ...
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE SPECIFICITY OF RESTRICTION
... reporting that he had purified the new enzyme and determined its recogn i t i o n s i t e s e q u e n c e a s (S’)pA-A-G-C-T-T(23). At this point it is interesting to recall our choice of T7 DNA for the sequencing work. Since, unbeknownst to us, we had worked with a mixture of two enzymes, it was in ...
... reporting that he had purified the new enzyme and determined its recogn i t i o n s i t e s e q u e n c e a s (S’)pA-A-G-C-T-T(23). At this point it is interesting to recall our choice of T7 DNA for the sequencing work. Since, unbeknownst to us, we had worked with a mixture of two enzymes, it was in ...
A Structural Insight into Major Groove Directed Binding of
... Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: This work was supported by National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and anal ...
... Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: This work was supported by National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and anal ...
The Large Loop Repair and Mismatch Repair Pathways
... mitotic growth. NER functions to repair bulky DNA lesions, such as thymine dimers and other helix-distorting lesions. During NER the damaged nucleotide is recognized and bound by several NER proteins, and the DNA surrounding the lesion is unwound. The single-stranded DNA containing the lesion is rem ...
... mitotic growth. NER functions to repair bulky DNA lesions, such as thymine dimers and other helix-distorting lesions. During NER the damaged nucleotide is recognized and bound by several NER proteins, and the DNA surrounding the lesion is unwound. The single-stranded DNA containing the lesion is rem ...
Four-color DNA sequencing by synthesis using cleavable
... 3!-OH group is capped by a small chemically reversible moiety. DNA polymerase incorporates only a single nucleotide analogue complementary to the base on a DNA template covalently linked to a surface. After incorporation, the unique fluorescence emission is detected to identify the incorporated nuc ...
... 3!-OH group is capped by a small chemically reversible moiety. DNA polymerase incorporates only a single nucleotide analogue complementary to the base on a DNA template covalently linked to a surface. After incorporation, the unique fluorescence emission is detected to identify the incorporated nuc ...
Polymorphisms and Genomic Organization of Repetitive
... 1993). However, despite these successes, the sequence requirements for the formation of a mammalian centromere remain unclear (Kipling and Warburton, 1997). In plants, various repetitive sequences have been isolated, and in situ hybridization with mitotic chromosome preparations has shown them to lo ...
... 1993). However, despite these successes, the sequence requirements for the formation of a mammalian centromere remain unclear (Kipling and Warburton, 1997). In plants, various repetitive sequences have been isolated, and in situ hybridization with mitotic chromosome preparations has shown them to lo ...
Datasheet for Q5® Hot Start High-Fidelity 2X Master Mix
... 2X Master Mix is ideal for cloning and can be used for long or difficult amplicons. The convenient master mix formulation is supplied at a 2X concentration. The mix contains dNTPs, Mg++ and a proprietary broad-use buffer requiring only the addition of primers and DNA template for robust amplificatio ...
... 2X Master Mix is ideal for cloning and can be used for long or difficult amplicons. The convenient master mix formulation is supplied at a 2X concentration. The mix contains dNTPs, Mg++ and a proprietary broad-use buffer requiring only the addition of primers and DNA template for robust amplificatio ...
Telomereled bouquet formation facilitates homologous chromosome
... these chromosomal loci in the meiotic prophase nucleus did not differ signi®cantly between paired and unpaired loci (Figure 1B). Furthermore, both of the unpaired signals were positioned at approximately the same distance from the tip in each individual nucleus (data not shown). This suggests that c ...
... these chromosomal loci in the meiotic prophase nucleus did not differ signi®cantly between paired and unpaired loci (Figure 1B). Furthermore, both of the unpaired signals were positioned at approximately the same distance from the tip in each individual nucleus (data not shown). This suggests that c ...
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It is most widely used by cells to accurately repair harmful breaks that occur on both strands of DNA, known as double-strand breaks. Homologous recombination also produces new combinations of DNA sequences during meiosis, the process by which eukaryotes make gamete cells, like sperm and egg cells in animals. These new combinations of DNA represent genetic variation in offspring, which in turn enables populations to adapt during the course of evolution. Homologous recombination is also used in horizontal gene transfer to exchange genetic material between different strains and species of bacteria and viruses.Although homologous recombination varies widely among different organisms and cell types, most forms involve the same basic steps. After a double-strand break occurs, sections of DNA around the 5' ends of the break are cut away in a process called resection. In the strand invasion step that follows, an overhanging 3' end of the broken DNA molecule then ""invades"" a similar or identical DNA molecule that is not broken. After strand invasion, the further sequence of events may follow either of two main pathways discussed below (see Models); the DSBR (double-strand break repair) pathway or the SDSA (synthesis-dependent strand annealing) pathway. Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break.Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as viruses, suggesting that it is a nearly universal biological mechanism. The discovery of genes for homologous recombination in protists—a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms—has been interpreted as evidence that meiosis emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes. Since their dysfunction has been strongly associated with increased susceptibility to several types of cancer, the proteins that facilitate homologous recombination are topics of active research. Homologous recombination is also used in gene targeting, a technique for introducing genetic changes into target organisms. For their development of this technique, Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.