![PHOTOSYNTHESIS - Green Local Schools](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008279334_1-0c8a4c93ffd44487e1852e9a2e46c0af-300x300.png)
iii. astronomy tools
... 1. Astronomers use telescopes to gather light and provide greater clarity. 2. Light is recorded with electronic detectors, which are more sensitive than eges and provide more quantitative measurements than eyes. 3. Long exposures make it possible to see fainter stars; the eye/brain combination disti ...
... 1. Astronomers use telescopes to gather light and provide greater clarity. 2. Light is recorded with electronic detectors, which are more sensitive than eges and provide more quantitative measurements than eyes. 3. Long exposures make it possible to see fainter stars; the eye/brain combination disti ...
Artificial Photosynthesis - The Mars Homestead Project
... The rate-limiting step in the dark reactions is fixation of CO2 by the ribulose biphosphate carboxylase reaction to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). This enzyme is stimulated by three different changes that result from illumination of chloroplasts: 1. Increase in pH. When chloroplasts are illuminated, ...
... The rate-limiting step in the dark reactions is fixation of CO2 by the ribulose biphosphate carboxylase reaction to form 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). This enzyme is stimulated by three different changes that result from illumination of chloroplasts: 1. Increase in pH. When chloroplasts are illuminated, ...
Light Transmission Through Randomly Rough Glass Surfaces
... Figures 5-7 show comparative charts of the light transmissions at 0º, 40º, and 70º angle of incidence (finer data could be taken in the future if deemed helpful). The flat glass refracted light according to Snell’s Law at angles of incidence smaller than the critical angle and showed no transmission ...
... Figures 5-7 show comparative charts of the light transmissions at 0º, 40º, and 70º angle of incidence (finer data could be taken in the future if deemed helpful). The flat glass refracted light according to Snell’s Law at angles of incidence smaller than the critical angle and showed no transmission ...
Cell Energy - Land of Mayo
... After the usual anaerobic stage of respiration there can be two different pathways for the pyruvic acid without oxygen: 1. glucose can be metabolized to ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP (yeast) (called alcoholic fermentation)* 2. glucose can be metabolized to lactic acid + 2 ATP (human and animal muscles ...
... After the usual anaerobic stage of respiration there can be two different pathways for the pyruvic acid without oxygen: 1. glucose can be metabolized to ethyl alcohol + 2 ATP (yeast) (called alcoholic fermentation)* 2. glucose can be metabolized to lactic acid + 2 ATP (human and animal muscles ...
Wave equation
... displacements. The two pulses pass through each other without being altered. To find the total wave disturbance at any time, the individual displacements of each wave are added at each point. When different sound waves pass through the same region of space, the individual waves add together to produ ...
... displacements. The two pulses pass through each other without being altered. To find the total wave disturbance at any time, the individual displacements of each wave are added at each point. When different sound waves pass through the same region of space, the individual waves add together to produ ...
Plants
... III. Photosystem I (make NADPH) A. How does it work? 1. sunlight is absorbed by pigments in the thylakoid 2. e- from photosystem II are transferred to reaction center of Photosystem I… 3. e- are sent to reaction center.. ...
... III. Photosystem I (make NADPH) A. How does it work? 1. sunlight is absorbed by pigments in the thylakoid 2. e- from photosystem II are transferred to reaction center of Photosystem I… 3. e- are sent to reaction center.. ...
Bioluminescence
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photinus_pyralis_Firefly_glowing.jpg?width=300)
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria and terrestrial invertebrates such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is produced by symbiotic organisms such as Vibrio bacteria.The principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the light-emitting pigment luciferin and the enzyme luciferase, assisted by other proteins such as aequorin in some species. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin. In some species, the type of luciferin requires cofactors such as calcium or magnesium ions, and sometimes also the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In evolution, luciferins vary little: one in particular, coelenterazine, is found in nine different animal (phyla), though in some of these, the animals obtain it through their diet. Conversely, luciferases vary widely in different species. Bioluminescence has arisen over forty times in evolutionary history.Both Aristotle and Pliny the Elder mentioned that damp wood sometimes gives off a glow and many centuries later Robert Boyle showed that oxygen was involved in the process, both in wood and in glow-worms. It was not until the late nineteenth century that bioluminescence was properly investigated. The phenomenon is widely distributed among animal groups, especially in marine environments where dinoflagellates cause phosphorescence in the surface layers of water. On land it occurs in fungi, bacteria and some groups of invertebrates, including insects.The uses of bioluminescence by animals include counter-illumination camouflage, mimicry of other animals, for example to lure prey, and signalling to other individuals of the same species, such as to attract mates. In the laboratory, luciferase-based systems are used in genetic engineering and for biomedical research. Other researchers are investigating the possibility of using bioluminescent systems for street and decorative lighting, and a bioluminescent plant has been created.