Experiment 2 Chemistry with Light – Using Photons as Reagents
... Photochemical reactions involve the absorption of light. An important example of photochemistry in Nature is photosynthesis, where plants and algae use the energy from light to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Photodegradation, where sunlight is used to break down plastic bags, is an envi ...
... Photochemical reactions involve the absorption of light. An important example of photochemistry in Nature is photosynthesis, where plants and algae use the energy from light to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Photodegradation, where sunlight is used to break down plastic bags, is an envi ...
elliptically polarized light to plane polarized
... difference /2 and resultant of these two vibration will be elliptically polarized one. ...
... difference /2 and resultant of these two vibration will be elliptically polarized one. ...
biophysics.sk
... in phase) from ordinary sunlight. When the sun's rays encounter the slit, they spread out or diffract to produce a single wavefront. If this front is allowed to illuminate a second screen having two closely spaced slits, two additional sources of coherent light, perfectly in step with each other are ...
... in phase) from ordinary sunlight. When the sun's rays encounter the slit, they spread out or diffract to produce a single wavefront. If this front is allowed to illuminate a second screen having two closely spaced slits, two additional sources of coherent light, perfectly in step with each other are ...
Chapter 22: Reflection and Refraction of Light
... For monochromatic light, a larger wavelength will have a smaller index of refraction. So when white light is incident on the surface of a refracting medium, red light will bend less than violet light. Essentially, the red waves of the white light will not slow down less the violet waves, so re ...
... For monochromatic light, a larger wavelength will have a smaller index of refraction. So when white light is incident on the surface of a refracting medium, red light will bend less than violet light. Essentially, the red waves of the white light will not slow down less the violet waves, so re ...
Refraction of light
... they exhibit a larger angle of refraction for incoming light Snell’s Law describes the relationship between the angles of rays passing through an air interface the two light waves and the indices of refraction of the two materials. When a light wave passes from a less refractive medium (such as air) ...
... they exhibit a larger angle of refraction for incoming light Snell’s Law describes the relationship between the angles of rays passing through an air interface the two light waves and the indices of refraction of the two materials. When a light wave passes from a less refractive medium (such as air) ...
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria and terrestrial invertebrates such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is produced by symbiotic organisms such as Vibrio bacteria.The principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the light-emitting pigment luciferin and the enzyme luciferase, assisted by other proteins such as aequorin in some species. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin. In some species, the type of luciferin requires cofactors such as calcium or magnesium ions, and sometimes also the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In evolution, luciferins vary little: one in particular, coelenterazine, is found in nine different animal (phyla), though in some of these, the animals obtain it through their diet. Conversely, luciferases vary widely in different species. Bioluminescence has arisen over forty times in evolutionary history.Both Aristotle and Pliny the Elder mentioned that damp wood sometimes gives off a glow and many centuries later Robert Boyle showed that oxygen was involved in the process, both in wood and in glow-worms. It was not until the late nineteenth century that bioluminescence was properly investigated. The phenomenon is widely distributed among animal groups, especially in marine environments where dinoflagellates cause phosphorescence in the surface layers of water. On land it occurs in fungi, bacteria and some groups of invertebrates, including insects.The uses of bioluminescence by animals include counter-illumination camouflage, mimicry of other animals, for example to lure prey, and signalling to other individuals of the same species, such as to attract mates. In the laboratory, luciferase-based systems are used in genetic engineering and for biomedical research. Other researchers are investigating the possibility of using bioluminescent systems for street and decorative lighting, and a bioluminescent plant has been created.