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Optics - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Chapt22, Problem-54: When you look through a window, by how much time is the light you see delayed by having to go through glass instead of air? Make an order-of-magnitude estimate on the basis of data you specify. By how many wavelengths is it delayed? Solution: Consider glass d = 4.0 mm thick, and ...
... Chapt22, Problem-54: When you look through a window, by how much time is the light you see delayed by having to go through glass instead of air? Make an order-of-magnitude estimate on the basis of data you specify. By how many wavelengths is it delayed? Solution: Consider glass d = 4.0 mm thick, and ...
Chapter 22
... sources for the production of spherical secondary waves (wavelets) propagating in the forward direction with speeds characteristic of waves in that medium • After some time has elapsed, the new position of the wave front is the surface tangent to the wavelets ...
... sources for the production of spherical secondary waves (wavelets) propagating in the forward direction with speeds characteristic of waves in that medium • After some time has elapsed, the new position of the wave front is the surface tangent to the wavelets ...
Visible light is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is
... A consequence of the existence of the optical window in Earth's atmosphere is the relatively balmy temperature conditions on Earth's surface. The Sun's luminosity function peaks in the visible range and light in that range is able to travel to the surface of the planet unattenuated due to the optica ...
... A consequence of the existence of the optical window in Earth's atmosphere is the relatively balmy temperature conditions on Earth's surface. The Sun's luminosity function peaks in the visible range and light in that range is able to travel to the surface of the planet unattenuated due to the optica ...
AMS Weather Studies
... A circular arc of concentric colored bands caused by a combination of refraction and reflection of sunlight by raindrops Solar ray is refracted on entering a raindrop, reflected internally, and then refracted when exiting Sun must be shining, and no higher than 42° above horizon to see ...
... A circular arc of concentric colored bands caused by a combination of refraction and reflection of sunlight by raindrops Solar ray is refracted on entering a raindrop, reflected internally, and then refracted when exiting Sun must be shining, and no higher than 42° above horizon to see ...
Journal of Modern Optics Slow and fast light: fundamentals and
... has been studied since the 1960s [33–35] and has successfully been exploited for slow- and fast-light research [8,9,11,36–42]. The idea behind CPO is illustrated in Figure 4. If a pump beam at frequency ! and a detuned probe beam at frequency !þ co-propagate through a saturable absorber, the ground ...
... has been studied since the 1960s [33–35] and has successfully been exploited for slow- and fast-light research [8,9,11,36–42]. The idea behind CPO is illustrated in Figure 4. If a pump beam at frequency ! and a detuned probe beam at frequency !þ co-propagate through a saturable absorber, the ground ...
Photosynthesis Sep 16
... A Comparison of Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP by chemiosmosis, but use different sources of energy • Mitochondria transfer chemical energy from food to ATP; chloroplasts transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP • The spatial ...
... A Comparison of Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP by chemiosmosis, but use different sources of energy • Mitochondria transfer chemical energy from food to ATP; chloroplasts transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP • The spatial ...
1 Snell`s Law, Dispersion, and the Prism
... 1. Imagine that a source emits a pulse of light 1 µs long which is composed of equal amplitudes of all wavelengths. The light is incident on a block of glass of thickness 20 km and whose refractive index as shown above. (a) What is the physical length of the pulse [m] when the light enters the glass ...
... 1. Imagine that a source emits a pulse of light 1 µs long which is composed of equal amplitudes of all wavelengths. The light is incident on a block of glass of thickness 20 km and whose refractive index as shown above. (a) What is the physical length of the pulse [m] when the light enters the glass ...
Bioluminescence
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photinus_pyralis_Firefly_glowing.jpg?width=300)
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria and terrestrial invertebrates such as fireflies. In some animals, the light is produced by symbiotic organisms such as Vibrio bacteria.The principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves the light-emitting pigment luciferin and the enzyme luciferase, assisted by other proteins such as aequorin in some species. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of luciferin. In some species, the type of luciferin requires cofactors such as calcium or magnesium ions, and sometimes also the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In evolution, luciferins vary little: one in particular, coelenterazine, is found in nine different animal (phyla), though in some of these, the animals obtain it through their diet. Conversely, luciferases vary widely in different species. Bioluminescence has arisen over forty times in evolutionary history.Both Aristotle and Pliny the Elder mentioned that damp wood sometimes gives off a glow and many centuries later Robert Boyle showed that oxygen was involved in the process, both in wood and in glow-worms. It was not until the late nineteenth century that bioluminescence was properly investigated. The phenomenon is widely distributed among animal groups, especially in marine environments where dinoflagellates cause phosphorescence in the surface layers of water. On land it occurs in fungi, bacteria and some groups of invertebrates, including insects.The uses of bioluminescence by animals include counter-illumination camouflage, mimicry of other animals, for example to lure prey, and signalling to other individuals of the same species, such as to attract mates. In the laboratory, luciferase-based systems are used in genetic engineering and for biomedical research. Other researchers are investigating the possibility of using bioluminescent systems for street and decorative lighting, and a bioluminescent plant has been created.