Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller
... and corresponding fitness cost, parametrized by the entries of the epistasis vector (third column). The strength of the incompatibility depends on the number of incompatible alleles in the genotype. Plausibly, the strength increases with the number of incompatible pairs, which can be 1, 2, or 4 (Tur ...
... and corresponding fitness cost, parametrized by the entries of the epistasis vector (third column). The strength of the incompatibility depends on the number of incompatible alleles in the genotype. Plausibly, the strength increases with the number of incompatible pairs, which can be 1, 2, or 4 (Tur ...
Document
... genetic barriers to gene flow Barriers to gene exchange might accumulate during periods when gene flow does not occur due to spatial isolation or physical obstacles to dispersal. However, it is common for populations that have developed incomplete reproductive barriers to be in contact at some stage ...
... genetic barriers to gene flow Barriers to gene exchange might accumulate during periods when gene flow does not occur due to spatial isolation or physical obstacles to dispersal. However, it is common for populations that have developed incomplete reproductive barriers to be in contact at some stage ...
Systematic Studies on the Family Cucurbitaceae
... dotted (24). In addition, seeds may have lighter or darker margins (ring), or may be covered by an additional layer of fleshy pericarp in Egusi cultivars, as controlled by the eg gene (Fig. 1) (12, 13). The genes r, t, and w determine seed color. Black is given by triple dominant; mottled is homozyg ...
... dotted (24). In addition, seeds may have lighter or darker margins (ring), or may be covered by an additional layer of fleshy pericarp in Egusi cultivars, as controlled by the eg gene (Fig. 1) (12, 13). The genes r, t, and w determine seed color. Black is given by triple dominant; mottled is homozyg ...
Speciation genetics - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... classes of genes relevant at different stages of the speciation process? What is the role of natural selection and how can we best detect its genetic footprints? Finding full answers to even a subset of these questions over a broad taxonomic range will probably be wishing for too much. Still, focusi ...
... classes of genes relevant at different stages of the speciation process? What is the role of natural selection and how can we best detect its genetic footprints? Finding full answers to even a subset of these questions over a broad taxonomic range will probably be wishing for too much. Still, focusi ...
Genetic correlations between adults and larvae in a marine fish
... our knowledge, existing measures of phenotypic correlations do not separate genetic resemblance from sizedependent maternal effects, and the actual magnitudes of size-dependent maternal effects are unclear. However, the presence of strong phenotypic correlations between maternal and offspring size s ...
... our knowledge, existing measures of phenotypic correlations do not separate genetic resemblance from sizedependent maternal effects, and the actual magnitudes of size-dependent maternal effects are unclear. However, the presence of strong phenotypic correlations between maternal and offspring size s ...
GSEA - Bioinformatics Unit
... 1. Choose true (default) to have GSEA collapse each probe set in your expression dataset into a single gene vector, which is identified by its HUGO gene symbol. In this case, you are using HUGO gene symbols for the analysis. The gene sets that you use for the analysis must use HUGO gene symbols to i ...
... 1. Choose true (default) to have GSEA collapse each probe set in your expression dataset into a single gene vector, which is identified by its HUGO gene symbol. In this case, you are using HUGO gene symbols for the analysis. The gene sets that you use for the analysis must use HUGO gene symbols to i ...
Distinguishing Drift and Selection Empirically: “The - Philsci
... fact, Sheppard was Ford’s student. Furthermore, Cain and Sheppard were at Oxford University at the same time and are both considered to have been part of the “Oxford School of Ecological Genetics” founded by Ford. However, it should be noted that Cain considers himself to have been “preadapted” to F ...
... fact, Sheppard was Ford’s student. Furthermore, Cain and Sheppard were at Oxford University at the same time and are both considered to have been part of the “Oxford School of Ecological Genetics” founded by Ford. However, it should be noted that Cain considers himself to have been “preadapted” to F ...
Canalization, Genetic Assimilation and Preadaptation: A
... disadaptive under most circumstances and, even if there were a condition in which any of these would be adaptive, we should expect it to be quite different from the condition that is specifically required to induce the given variation directly. Thus, if certain extreme situations become recurrent or ...
... disadaptive under most circumstances and, even if there were a condition in which any of these would be adaptive, we should expect it to be quite different from the condition that is specifically required to induce the given variation directly. Thus, if certain extreme situations become recurrent or ...
Generative Replication and the Evolution of Complexity
... argue that there must be a transfer of a construction mechanism that can create a new entity on the basis of a fairly simple set of instructions. Rather than copying all the details of the fully scaled-up entity, the transfer of information can be compressed. Genes allow transfer of information in c ...
... argue that there must be a transfer of a construction mechanism that can create a new entity on the basis of a fairly simple set of instructions. Rather than copying all the details of the fully scaled-up entity, the transfer of information can be compressed. Genes allow transfer of information in c ...
Drift and “Statistically Abstractive Explanation”
... says, drift interferes with and opposes the drive to the deterministic outcome. This is why we get variant outcomes. Now, Sober is clearly not saying just that genotype frequencies depart from expected values in small populations. He is positing a cause of this discrepancy. He makes this explicit in ...
... says, drift interferes with and opposes the drive to the deterministic outcome. This is why we get variant outcomes. Now, Sober is clearly not saying just that genotype frequencies depart from expected values in small populations. He is positing a cause of this discrepancy. He makes this explicit in ...
Inverse correlation between SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers
... entire SMN1 gene, loss of SMN1 exon 7 can occur by gene conversion from SMN1 to SMN2.6 SMA type III patients have, on average, more SMN2 copies than SMA type II or type I patients,7–9 and hence more copies of SMN2 derived by conversion from SMN1. The copy number of SMN2 correlates with longer surviv ...
... entire SMN1 gene, loss of SMN1 exon 7 can occur by gene conversion from SMN1 to SMN2.6 SMA type III patients have, on average, more SMN2 copies than SMA type II or type I patients,7–9 and hence more copies of SMN2 derived by conversion from SMN1. The copy number of SMN2 correlates with longer surviv ...
Hybridization and speciation
... Under certain conditions, barriers to gene flow can be enhanced over time (Navarro & Barton, 2003; Barton & de Cara, 2009). Clines at endogenous barrier loci (where selection results from intrinsic incompatibilities) are not constrained to occur at environmental transitions; they are expected to mov ...
... Under certain conditions, barriers to gene flow can be enhanced over time (Navarro & Barton, 2003; Barton & de Cara, 2009). Clines at endogenous barrier loci (where selection results from intrinsic incompatibilities) are not constrained to occur at environmental transitions; they are expected to mov ...
The Evolution of Darwinism: Selection, Adaptation, and Progress in
... on each of these topics. Understanding Darwin’s views is fundamental. Darwinism begins with Darwin, and if we wish to understand how Darwinism has changed – the “evolution of Darwinism” – then we will need to know what Darwinism was in its original formulation(s). Such understanding can then serve t ...
... on each of these topics. Understanding Darwin’s views is fundamental. Darwinism begins with Darwin, and if we wish to understand how Darwinism has changed – the “evolution of Darwinism” – then we will need to know what Darwinism was in its original formulation(s). Such understanding can then serve t ...
Name Period - TJ
... cannot have any offspring may live longer because she will not experience the biological stresses of repeated pregnancies. Explain why a characteristic like this which contributes to a long life, but with few or no offspring, would not become more common as a result of evolution by natural selection ...
... cannot have any offspring may live longer because she will not experience the biological stresses of repeated pregnancies. Explain why a characteristic like this which contributes to a long life, but with few or no offspring, would not become more common as a result of evolution by natural selection ...
Deciphering the Galaxy Guppy phenotype
... has led to some people claiming that the term “lace” should only be applied to guppies that have a lace pattern on the caudal fin. This is of no practical value to the biologist or geneticist. It only has value is to a guppy show judge who must determine if a guppy is allowed to compete in a specifi ...
... has led to some people claiming that the term “lace” should only be applied to guppies that have a lace pattern on the caudal fin. This is of no practical value to the biologist or geneticist. It only has value is to a guppy show judge who must determine if a guppy is allowed to compete in a specifi ...
Genomics and the origin of species
... sets. It relies on the frequencies of two specific patterns of allele sharing among a group of four species. Identifying signatures of selection Genome scans can reveal genomic regions that show evidence of divergent selection between incipient species using FST-outlier analyses or related approache ...
... sets. It relies on the frequencies of two specific patterns of allele sharing among a group of four species. Identifying signatures of selection Genome scans can reveal genomic regions that show evidence of divergent selection between incipient species using FST-outlier analyses or related approache ...
Document
... Once speciation is complete, populations accumulate differences due to mutation and genetic drift as well as ongoing selection. Reproductively isolated species, therefore, often differ in traits that evolved under ecological selection and others that evolved under sexual selection, and may also have ...
... Once speciation is complete, populations accumulate differences due to mutation and genetic drift as well as ongoing selection. Reproductively isolated species, therefore, often differ in traits that evolved under ecological selection and others that evolved under sexual selection, and may also have ...
Genomics and the origin of species - Integrative Biology
... sets. It relies on the frequencies of two specific patterns of allele sharing among a group of four species. Identifying signatures of selection Genome scans can reveal genomic regions that show evidence of divergent selection between incipient species using FST-outlier analyses or related approache ...
... sets. It relies on the frequencies of two specific patterns of allele sharing among a group of four species. Identifying signatures of selection Genome scans can reveal genomic regions that show evidence of divergent selection between incipient species using FST-outlier analyses or related approache ...
Chapter 6: Natural selection on phenotypes
... chance of encountering a mate, getting caught in a storm, or coming in contact with a disease may be random with respect to most or all phenotypic traits. Even if there is a consistent relationship between fitness and some traits, there may be many others that do not affect fitness in a given genera ...
... chance of encountering a mate, getting caught in a storm, or coming in contact with a disease may be random with respect to most or all phenotypic traits. Even if there is a consistent relationship between fitness and some traits, there may be many others that do not affect fitness in a given genera ...
Commentary: Wilhelm Johannsen and the problem of heredity at the
... (iv) conspicuous modifications due to environment; and (v) ‘so-called mutations’. The difference between categories (iii) and (iv) and the extent to which variations of category (iii) were inherited were central questions [p. 667].9 As the book was finished in the spring of 1901, Johannsen was also ...
... (iv) conspicuous modifications due to environment; and (v) ‘so-called mutations’. The difference between categories (iii) and (iv) and the extent to which variations of category (iii) were inherited were central questions [p. 667].9 As the book was finished in the spring of 1901, Johannsen was also ...
Temperature-Related Genetic Changes in Laboratory Populations of
... et al. 1989). The regular tracking of the inversion polymorphism and body dimensions ever since the colonization of the Americas by D. subobscura has resulted in a number of evolutionarily important findings (summarized in Gilchrist et al. 2001, 2004; Serra 2002; Balanyà et al. 2003). First, almost ...
... et al. 1989). The regular tracking of the inversion polymorphism and body dimensions ever since the colonization of the Americas by D. subobscura has resulted in a number of evolutionarily important findings (summarized in Gilchrist et al. 2001, 2004; Serra 2002; Balanyà et al. 2003). First, almost ...
Introduction to GO Annotation
... – Check the Annotation Documentation, Teaching Resources section on the GO website • http://www.geneontology.org/GO.current.annotations.shtml • http://www.geneontology.org/GO.teaching.resources.shtml ...
... – Check the Annotation Documentation, Teaching Resources section on the GO website • http://www.geneontology.org/GO.current.annotations.shtml • http://www.geneontology.org/GO.teaching.resources.shtml ...
Gene Ontology (GO) Tutorial
... products that have been annotated to Process, Function, and/or Component Unknown. These three terms are used when a curator has looked over the available literature and has found that none of it is adequate to assign a term. A good example is Dab2ip. As shown by it’s annotation summary, there was li ...
... products that have been annotated to Process, Function, and/or Component Unknown. These three terms are used when a curator has looked over the available literature and has found that none of it is adequate to assign a term. A good example is Dab2ip. As shown by it’s annotation summary, there was li ...
Heterozygote Advantage: The Effect of Artificial Selection in
... There are a number of mutants in livestock and pets that have a heterozygote advantage because of artificial selection for these mutants in heterozygotes and strong detrimental effects from natural selection in homozygotes. In livestock, these mutants include ones that influence milk yield in dairy ...
... There are a number of mutants in livestock and pets that have a heterozygote advantage because of artificial selection for these mutants in heterozygotes and strong detrimental effects from natural selection in homozygotes. In livestock, these mutants include ones that influence milk yield in dairy ...
chicken.db - Bioconductor
... indicates the chromosome. Due to inconsistencies that may exist at the time the object was built, these vectors may contain more than one chromosome and/or location. If the chromosomal location is unknown, the vector will contain an NA. Chromosomal locations on both the sense and antisense strands a ...
... indicates the chromosome. Due to inconsistencies that may exist at the time the object was built, these vectors may contain more than one chromosome and/or location. If the chromosomal location is unknown, the vector will contain an NA. Chromosomal locations on both the sense and antisense strands a ...