Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
... Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes from start or set-up to finish or termination conditions. (MDC, 2000, p. 3) This brief characterization is fleshed out via the mechanisms of neuronal depolarization and the mechanism of protein synthesi ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
... call this the mismatch problem. They used two examples to illustrate the mismatch problem. The first example draws on what has become an oft-cited scenario from Scriven (1959). A pair of identical twins are standing together in a forest; one is struck by lightning before reproducing while the other ...
... call this the mismatch problem. They used two examples to illustrate the mismatch problem. The first example draws on what has become an oft-cited scenario from Scriven (1959). A pair of identical twins are standing together in a forest; one is struck by lightning before reproducing while the other ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct?
... natural selection as certain kinds of processes. However, it is important to note that while random drift is sometimes spoken of as a process, at other times it is spoken of as an outcome. Suppose there were a population of giraffes not undergoing mutation, migration, or selection – only random drif ...
... natural selection as certain kinds of processes. However, it is important to note that while random drift is sometimes spoken of as a process, at other times it is spoken of as an outcome. Suppose there were a population of giraffes not undergoing mutation, migration, or selection – only random drif ...
Quantitative analysis of SMN1 and SMN2 genes based on DHPLC
... patients gaining the ability to walk. A locus for the three clinical types of SMA was mapped to chromosome 5q13 by linkage analysis [Scheffer et al., 2001; Wirth, 2000] and was refined to the location of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene [Lefebvre et al., 1995]. Two almost identical copies of the ...
... patients gaining the ability to walk. A locus for the three clinical types of SMA was mapped to chromosome 5q13 by linkage analysis [Scheffer et al., 2001; Wirth, 2000] and was refined to the location of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene [Lefebvre et al., 1995]. Two almost identical copies of the ...
Space, sympatry and speciation
... definition it would be almost impossible to demonstrate that speciation was sympatric (Fitzpatrick et al., 2008). They concur that the geography of speciation remains interesting, but argue that it is of secondary importance. They therefore suggest that it is more meaningful to investigate actual ge ...
... definition it would be almost impossible to demonstrate that speciation was sympatric (Fitzpatrick et al., 2008). They concur that the geography of speciation remains interesting, but argue that it is of secondary importance. They therefore suggest that it is more meaningful to investigate actual ge ...
Fitness “kinematics”: biological function, altruism, and organism
... Some kinds of biological altruism seem to require that behaviors change fitness as well. For example, Sober and Wilson say that “A behavior is altruistic when it increases the fitness of others and decreases the fitness of the actor” (Sober and Wilson, 1998, p. 17). Thus when an animal warns others ...
... Some kinds of biological altruism seem to require that behaviors change fitness as well. For example, Sober and Wilson say that “A behavior is altruistic when it increases the fitness of others and decreases the fitness of the actor” (Sober and Wilson, 1998, p. 17). Thus when an animal warns others ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... We examine the behavior of sexual and asexual populations in modular multipeaked fitness landscapes and show that sexuals can systematically reach different, higher fitness adaptive peaks than asexuals. Whereas asexuals must move against selection to escape local optima, sexuals reach higher fitness ...
... We examine the behavior of sexual and asexual populations in modular multipeaked fitness landscapes and show that sexuals can systematically reach different, higher fitness adaptive peaks than asexuals. Whereas asexuals must move against selection to escape local optima, sexuals reach higher fitness ...
Pattern, process and geographic modes of speciation
... (Fitzpatrick et al., 2008). Mallet et al. propose that individuals in a population be considered sympatric (‘in the same place’) if they are within a radius of krx with k small enough that mating between individuals born that far apart is not too unlikely. Although we question the value of a definit ...
... (Fitzpatrick et al., 2008). Mallet et al. propose that individuals in a population be considered sympatric (‘in the same place’) if they are within a radius of krx with k small enough that mating between individuals born that far apart is not too unlikely. Although we question the value of a definit ...
Natural Selection on Testosterone Production in a Wild Songbird
... Over two breeding seasons, we measured selection acting through annual survival, which was measured by recapture in the following breeding season, and annual offspring production, which was quantified using DNA paternity analysis. These selective episodes were added to estimate total annual selectio ...
... Over two breeding seasons, we measured selection acting through annual survival, which was measured by recapture in the following breeding season, and annual offspring production, which was quantified using DNA paternity analysis. These selective episodes were added to estimate total annual selectio ...
The struggle for existence. How the notion of carrying capacity, K
... understanding population regulation in the simplest organisms or cases, and many general conclusions from logistic models should be true also for more realistic situations. Furthermore, the Lotka-Volterra extension of the logistic to competition is also unrealistic for the same reasons as is the log ...
... understanding population regulation in the simplest organisms or cases, and many general conclusions from logistic models should be true also for more realistic situations. Furthermore, the Lotka-Volterra extension of the logistic to competition is also unrealistic for the same reasons as is the log ...
gsea user guide
... using porcine DNA, you cannot map the porcine probe identifiers to HUGO gene symbols, which means you cannot create a chip annotation file. However, you can create gene sets that contain porcine probe identifiers, which means you can still run the gene set expression analysis. One final note concern ...
... using porcine DNA, you cannot map the porcine probe identifiers to HUGO gene symbols, which means you cannot create a chip annotation file. However, you can create gene sets that contain porcine probe identifiers, which means you can still run the gene set expression analysis. One final note concern ...
Pattern, process and geographic modes of speciation
... (Fitzpatrick et al., 2008). Mallet et al. propose that individuals in a population be considered sympatric (‘in the same place’) if they are within a radius of krx with k small enough that mating between individuals born that far apart is not too unlikely. Although we question the value of a definit ...
... (Fitzpatrick et al., 2008). Mallet et al. propose that individuals in a population be considered sympatric (‘in the same place’) if they are within a radius of krx with k small enough that mating between individuals born that far apart is not too unlikely. Although we question the value of a definit ...
The genetic consequences of selection in natural populations
... So far this model has ignored dominance, which has important implications for the calculation of s. In population genetic models of directional selection, dominance is most often accounted for with the dominance coefficient, h. In the single locus, two-allele model described above, the fitness of ea ...
... So far this model has ignored dominance, which has important implications for the calculation of s. In population genetic models of directional selection, dominance is most often accounted for with the dominance coefficient, h. In the single locus, two-allele model described above, the fitness of ea ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... Nonetheless, the overall argument of this book still applies. On the one hand, since the time of my earlier work some of its claims – such as the advocacy of multilevel selectionism and the role of evolutionary constraints – have become hotly disputed topics in biology and the philosophy of biology. ...
... Nonetheless, the overall argument of this book still applies. On the one hand, since the time of my earlier work some of its claims – such as the advocacy of multilevel selectionism and the role of evolutionary constraints – have become hotly disputed topics in biology and the philosophy of biology. ...
Niche construction in evolutionary theory: the construction
... of standard evolutionary theory and that niche construction deserves to be treated as a significant ...
... of standard evolutionary theory and that niche construction deserves to be treated as a significant ...
Sharp Insights and a Sharp Tongue
... Having dissected friendship and love in geous in evolutionary terms because relatives ants, geese, or other animals and then extend quick succession, publishing key papers in share many of one’s genes. Survival in the their conclusions to humans later in life. 1971 and 1972, Trivers turned in 1974 t ...
... Having dissected friendship and love in geous in evolutionary terms because relatives ants, geese, or other animals and then extend quick succession, publishing key papers in share many of one’s genes. Survival in the their conclusions to humans later in life. 1971 and 1972, Trivers turned in 1974 t ...
Effect of population size, selection intensity, linkage and non
... lection intensity in the small populations was effective. Considering all runs, distinct discontinuities in the rate of advance were observed only for recombination values of r = .005. Barker (1958a and b) continued the series on simula tion of genetic systems with concurrent papers on selection be ...
... lection intensity in the small populations was effective. Considering all runs, distinct discontinuities in the rate of advance were observed only for recombination values of r = .005. Barker (1958a and b) continued the series on simula tion of genetic systems with concurrent papers on selection be ...
The Selfish Law: A Memetic Study Of The Transition
... how this relation is often presented by the hard sciences. It allows for the incorporation of evolutionary models into the social sciences without sacrificing the complexity of the subject matter. While it is true that humans create culture, the current actors on culture have inherited an already es ...
... how this relation is often presented by the hard sciences. It allows for the incorporation of evolutionary models into the social sciences without sacrificing the complexity of the subject matter. While it is true that humans create culture, the current actors on culture have inherited an already es ...
Mar22_24
... the gene pool. Thus, if the environment changes to a situation that is more favorable to the allele that was being selected against, that allele is still available. •Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. ...
... the gene pool. Thus, if the environment changes to a situation that is more favorable to the allele that was being selected against, that allele is still available. •Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. ...
on the opportunity for sexual selection, the bateman gradient and
... nity for selection. One important criticism of I as a measure of the intensity of selection is that the actual change in fitness from one generation to the next will almost certainly be less than that predicted by I, because not all of the variance in fitness in a population is due to additive genet ...
... nity for selection. One important criticism of I as a measure of the intensity of selection is that the actual change in fitness from one generation to the next will almost certainly be less than that predicted by I, because not all of the variance in fitness in a population is due to additive genet ...
variations in variation and selection: the ubiquity
... VARIATION AND SELECTION EXPLAINS SATISFACTION ...
... VARIATION AND SELECTION EXPLAINS SATISFACTION ...
::: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis - GSEA
... 1. Choose true (default) to have GSEA collapse each probe set in your expression dataset into a single gene vector, which is identified by its HUGO gene symbol. In this case, you are using HUGO gene symbols for the analysis. The gene sets that you use for the analysis must use HUGO gene symbols to i ...
... 1. Choose true (default) to have GSEA collapse each probe set in your expression dataset into a single gene vector, which is identified by its HUGO gene symbol. In this case, you are using HUGO gene symbols for the analysis. The gene sets that you use for the analysis must use HUGO gene symbols to i ...
Speciation genetics: current status and evolving approaches
... splitting process await to be answered. Which genetic elements are of particular relevance to speciation? How many loci are involved, how large is the effect of a specific locus and how important is epistasis or pleiotropy? Where in the genome are the determinants located and what is the importance ...
... splitting process await to be answered. Which genetic elements are of particular relevance to speciation? How many loci are involved, how large is the effect of a specific locus and how important is epistasis or pleiotropy? Where in the genome are the determinants located and what is the importance ...
When is it Selectively Advantageous to Have True Beliefs
... In this situation, as long as the organism assigns higher subjective utilities to eating (U11 > U21 and U12 > U22 ), it does not matter what subjective probabilities it assigns to the states. All such probability assignments will result in the organism’s choosing to eat, which is the fitness enhanci ...
... In this situation, as long as the organism assigns higher subjective utilities to eating (U11 > U21 and U12 > U22 ), it does not matter what subjective probabilities it assigns to the states. All such probability assignments will result in the organism’s choosing to eat, which is the fitness enhanci ...