Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades
... acting downstream of NPK1. Interestingly, transcription of NtMEK1 and activation of NtNTF6 are both found in cells whose division has been induced by auxin and cytokinin treatment [21]. The identification of phosphorylation substrates will uncover the molecular action of NPK1 in cytokinesis. Whether ...
... acting downstream of NPK1. Interestingly, transcription of NtMEK1 and activation of NtNTF6 are both found in cells whose division has been induced by auxin and cytokinin treatment [21]. The identification of phosphorylation substrates will uncover the molecular action of NPK1 in cytokinesis. Whether ...
Sample Chapter 5: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... Because the sequence of amino acids determines the final three-dimensional configuration of each protein, their structures are examined carefully in the next four subsections. Amino acids are classified according to their capacity to interact with water. By using this criterion, four classes may be ...
... Because the sequence of amino acids determines the final three-dimensional configuration of each protein, their structures are examined carefully in the next four subsections. Amino acids are classified according to their capacity to interact with water. By using this criterion, four classes may be ...
Characterization of the binding properties of the Avian Coronavirus
... List of figures ............................................................................................................. I List of tables ............................................................................................................... II List of Abbreviations .................... ...
... List of figures ............................................................................................................. I List of tables ............................................................................................................... II List of Abbreviations .................... ...
Lo, Frederick: Three Recently Developed Algorithms for Aligning Distantly Related Proteins
... situation that can often occur for distantly related proteins. Jaroszewski, Li, and Godzik present two general methods for generating sets of suboptimal alignments, then demonstrate that a hybrid of the general methods returns better sets of suboptimal alignments. The immediately apparent problem is ...
... situation that can often occur for distantly related proteins. Jaroszewski, Li, and Godzik present two general methods for generating sets of suboptimal alignments, then demonstrate that a hybrid of the general methods returns better sets of suboptimal alignments. The immediately apparent problem is ...
Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex
... antibody and the protein revealed using ECL (Amersham). Lanes 1 and 2 are duplicates containing supernatants of mock immunodepletions using pre-immune IgG. Lane 3 contains the supernatant from antiCDC5L antibody immunodepleted nuclear extract and lane 4 is similar to lane 3 except that the antibody ...
... antibody and the protein revealed using ECL (Amersham). Lanes 1 and 2 are duplicates containing supernatants of mock immunodepletions using pre-immune IgG. Lane 3 contains the supernatant from antiCDC5L antibody immunodepleted nuclear extract and lane 4 is similar to lane 3 except that the antibody ...
Study of the role of estrogen receptor variant, ER36, in non genomic
... whith whom we have a good time; Boris, Stephanie, Anais, Elodie and Florence. I also wish to thank Dr. Ruth Rimokh for her useful advice and support, as well as her team, Stephane, Rudy, Mathieu, Ivan, Philippe, Jonathan and Margaux. I have a special thought for my former M2 collegues and friends, B ...
... whith whom we have a good time; Boris, Stephanie, Anais, Elodie and Florence. I also wish to thank Dr. Ruth Rimokh for her useful advice and support, as well as her team, Stephane, Rudy, Mathieu, Ivan, Philippe, Jonathan and Margaux. I have a special thought for my former M2 collegues and friends, B ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized Amyloid β
... conductance regulator (10) were found in the cytosol after inhibition of proteasomal activity. During the intoxication of their target cells, several bacterial and plant toxins such as cholera toxin or ricin are transported in a retrograde manner through the secretory pathway to the ER, from where t ...
... conductance regulator (10) were found in the cytosol after inhibition of proteasomal activity. During the intoxication of their target cells, several bacterial and plant toxins such as cholera toxin or ricin are transported in a retrograde manner through the secretory pathway to the ER, from where t ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... Cellular identity relies on the existence of the cellular membrane, a semipermeable barrier that encloses any cell and defines its boundary. In many cells, the interior is further divided into membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, si ...
... Cellular identity relies on the existence of the cellular membrane, a semipermeable barrier that encloses any cell and defines its boundary. In many cells, the interior is further divided into membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, si ...
Functional and structural roles of parasite-specific inserts in the bifunctional S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/ornithine
... advantage of these inserts remain unclear. Some speculations for the functions of these inserts include possible interaction sites with as yet undefined regulatory proteins in the parasite, interaction sites with host proteins and a method to evade the host immune response (Li and Baker, 1998; Schof ...
... advantage of these inserts remain unclear. Some speculations for the functions of these inserts include possible interaction sites with as yet undefined regulatory proteins in the parasite, interaction sites with host proteins and a method to evade the host immune response (Li and Baker, 1998; Schof ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
... Gorinstein et al., 1996). There also are investigations showing comparisons among soybean, oats, and amaranth in relation to nutritional, structural, and functional properties (Gorinstein, 1993; Marcone and Yada, 1992; Segura-Nieto et al., 1994). To date, there is no information on the relative stab ...
... Gorinstein et al., 1996). There also are investigations showing comparisons among soybean, oats, and amaranth in relation to nutritional, structural, and functional properties (Gorinstein, 1993; Marcone and Yada, 1992; Segura-Nieto et al., 1994). To date, there is no information on the relative stab ...
The Case of Protein Kinase CK2
... clustering of kinases that share functional features, such as preferred sites of phosphorylation, the mode of regulation and cellular localization. The similarity in the amino acid sequence of the catalytic domains of protein kinases has proven to be a good indicator of other features held in common ...
... clustering of kinases that share functional features, such as preferred sites of phosphorylation, the mode of regulation and cellular localization. The similarity in the amino acid sequence of the catalytic domains of protein kinases has proven to be a good indicator of other features held in common ...
Chloroplast phosphoglycerate kinase from Euglena gracilis
... also of the identical C-terminal fragment of the first unit) was replaced by Asn in the third PGK protein at the 3¢ end. At the nucleotide level sequence identity of the PGK segments is 97–99%. The calculated Mr of the deduced amino acid sequence is 44 475 Da, which is in reasonably good agreement wi ...
... also of the identical C-terminal fragment of the first unit) was replaced by Asn in the third PGK protein at the 3¢ end. At the nucleotide level sequence identity of the PGK segments is 97–99%. The calculated Mr of the deduced amino acid sequence is 44 475 Da, which is in reasonably good agreement wi ...
manualE6901
... pTXB1 (NEB #N6707) contains a mini-intein from the Mycobacterium xenopi gyrA gene (Mxe GyrA intein; 198 amino acid residues) that has been modified to undergo thiol-induced cleavage at its N-terminus (3,5). The vector allows for the purification of a target protein without any extra amino acids by c ...
... pTXB1 (NEB #N6707) contains a mini-intein from the Mycobacterium xenopi gyrA gene (Mxe GyrA intein; 198 amino acid residues) that has been modified to undergo thiol-induced cleavage at its N-terminus (3,5). The vector allows for the purification of a target protein without any extra amino acids by c ...
Similarities and Differences in the Glycosylation Mechanisms in
... domains) or phosphate (archaea) to a lipid carrier (the socalled lipid-linked oligosaccharide or LLO). After assembly of the oligosaccharide, the LLO is flipped from the cytoplasm to face the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or the periplasmic face of the inner membrane, in eukaryotes and Gr ...
... domains) or phosphate (archaea) to a lipid carrier (the socalled lipid-linked oligosaccharide or LLO). After assembly of the oligosaccharide, the LLO is flipped from the cytoplasm to face the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), or the periplasmic face of the inner membrane, in eukaryotes and Gr ...
Lecture V. Spatial organization in cells and embryos
... occurs at the dorsal midline where the levels of Sog are the lowest. ...
... occurs at the dorsal midline where the levels of Sog are the lowest. ...
Ciliary neurotrophic factor may activate mature
... The main result of this study is that CNTF can provoke biochemical changes in mature astrocytes in vitro, as previously observed in immature glial cells. The receptor system is not, however, the complete tripartite CNTF receptor since it does not involve the specific ␣ subunit. A convergent body of ...
... The main result of this study is that CNTF can provoke biochemical changes in mature astrocytes in vitro, as previously observed in immature glial cells. The receptor system is not, however, the complete tripartite CNTF receptor since it does not involve the specific ␣ subunit. A convergent body of ...
Key Residues Controlling Binding of Diverse Ligands to Human
... CYP2A proteins were competent in the metabolism of phenacetin as reported previously (DeVore et al., 2008). Site-Directed Mutagenesis. The mutations were generated using the modified CYP2A gene in an expression vector (pKK2A13dH) or (pKK2A6dH) as a template (Smith et al., 2007) and the QuikChange Si ...
... CYP2A proteins were competent in the metabolism of phenacetin as reported previously (DeVore et al., 2008). Site-Directed Mutagenesis. The mutations were generated using the modified CYP2A gene in an expression vector (pKK2A13dH) or (pKK2A6dH) as a template (Smith et al., 2007) and the QuikChange Si ...
Chapter 8: Fibrous Proteins
... Primary component of skin, tendon, bone, connective tissues, etc Function as structural material that have protective, connective or supportive roles Simplicity of structure makes relation between structure and function relatively obvious ...
... Primary component of skin, tendon, bone, connective tissues, etc Function as structural material that have protective, connective or supportive roles Simplicity of structure makes relation between structure and function relatively obvious ...
Protein proteinase inhibitors from avian egg whites
... limited to the third domain but may occur in the first and second domains. Ardelt and Laskowski [36] have shown that eight different proteinases, including chymotrypsin, subtilisin, elastase and human furin [37], are inhibited by the third domain of turkey ovomucoid at the same reactive site, indica ...
... limited to the third domain but may occur in the first and second domains. Ardelt and Laskowski [36] have shown that eight different proteinases, including chymotrypsin, subtilisin, elastase and human furin [37], are inhibited by the third domain of turkey ovomucoid at the same reactive site, indica ...
Molecular Machinery Regulating Exocytosis
... nucleotide-dependent conformational transitions within their G-protein domain (PereiraLeal & Seabra, 2000), these GTPases act as molecular switches; cycling between the inactive GDP bound form and a GTP-bound active form, the process which regulates the activity of downstream effectors. This activit ...
... nucleotide-dependent conformational transitions within their G-protein domain (PereiraLeal & Seabra, 2000), these GTPases act as molecular switches; cycling between the inactive GDP bound form and a GTP-bound active form, the process which regulates the activity of downstream effectors. This activit ...
Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link
... Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link microfilaments to the plasma membrane in the assembly of cell surface structures Anthony Bretscher, David Reczek and Mark Berryman Section of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA ...
... Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link microfilaments to the plasma membrane in the assembly of cell surface structures Anthony Bretscher, David Reczek and Mark Berryman Section of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA ...
Endocytosis Via Caveolae
... While clathrin-mediated endocytosis constitutes the main pathway for internalization of extracellular ligands and plasma membrane components in most cell types, it has been recognized for some time that alternative, parallel uptake mechanisms also exist. These ‘clathrin-independent pathways’ have be ...
... While clathrin-mediated endocytosis constitutes the main pathway for internalization of extracellular ligands and plasma membrane components in most cell types, it has been recognized for some time that alternative, parallel uptake mechanisms also exist. These ‘clathrin-independent pathways’ have be ...
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
... A bacterial two-plasmid system has been previously described for studying RNA–protein interactions [21]. In this system, a first plasmid contains a modified lacZ reporter gene with an RNA-binding element located close to the translation initiation region. A second plasmid expresses the RNA-binding pro ...
... A bacterial two-plasmid system has been previously described for studying RNA–protein interactions [21]. In this system, a first plasmid contains a modified lacZ reporter gene with an RNA-binding element located close to the translation initiation region. A second plasmid expresses the RNA-binding pro ...
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase - Department of Biochemistry
... no effect by itself, although it does bind with good affinity to the enzyme [3]. Indeed, the small effect that IMP does have changes from activation to inhibition if the temperarare is lowered below -35°C [4]. ...
... no effect by itself, although it does bind with good affinity to the enzyme [3]. Indeed, the small effect that IMP does have changes from activation to inhibition if the temperarare is lowered below -35°C [4]. ...
Molecular design of the photosystem II light
... LHCII are the carotenoids of the xanthophyll cycle (Ruban et al., 1999), which plays a vital role in photoprotective energy dissipation (Demmig-Adams, 1990), observed as the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). This cycle is the reversible de-epoxidation of violaxanthin (fo ...
... LHCII are the carotenoids of the xanthophyll cycle (Ruban et al., 1999), which plays a vital role in photoprotective energy dissipation (Demmig-Adams, 1990), observed as the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). This cycle is the reversible de-epoxidation of violaxanthin (fo ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).