“The function and synthesis of ribosomes.” Nature Reviews Mol Cell
... of translation, and a key function of the small subunit is to discriminate against aminoacyl-tRNAs that do not match the codon on the message48. This crucial step in the decoding process was poorly understood until the demonstration that the conformation of several residues on the 16S rRNA is sensit ...
... of translation, and a key function of the small subunit is to discriminate against aminoacyl-tRNAs that do not match the codon on the message48. This crucial step in the decoding process was poorly understood until the demonstration that the conformation of several residues on the 16S rRNA is sensit ...
Purine nucleosides: endogenous neuroprotectants in hypoxic brain
... et al. 2011). Neurons in the adult mammalian CNS, which are injured by stroke normally fail or have only limited ability to regenerate axons, which causes long lasting disabilities in sensory, motor, or cognitive functions (Benowitz and Carmichael 2010). In addition, cell death in the brain leads to ...
... et al. 2011). Neurons in the adult mammalian CNS, which are injured by stroke normally fail or have only limited ability to regenerate axons, which causes long lasting disabilities in sensory, motor, or cognitive functions (Benowitz and Carmichael 2010). In addition, cell death in the brain leads to ...
the function and synthesis of ribosomes
... of translation, and a key function of the small subunit is to discriminate against aminoacyl-tRNAs that do not match the codon on the message48. This crucial step in the decoding process was poorly understood until the demonstration that the conformation of several residues on the 16S rRNA is sensit ...
... of translation, and a key function of the small subunit is to discriminate against aminoacyl-tRNAs that do not match the codon on the message48. This crucial step in the decoding process was poorly understood until the demonstration that the conformation of several residues on the 16S rRNA is sensit ...
Recombinant expression and characterisation of monofunctional S-
... LYS69via a Schiff-base and the formation of the external aldimine (second Schiff-base) with ornithine. Decarboxylation then occurs via a quinoid intermediate followed by ...
... LYS69via a Schiff-base and the formation of the external aldimine (second Schiff-base) with ornithine. Decarboxylation then occurs via a quinoid intermediate followed by ...
Dependence of an Adenosine-Activated Potassium Current on a
... electrode solution could prevent washout of the adenosineresponse(Fig. 20. Figure 20 showsthe averagebehavior of cells for which patch electrodescontained either 50 (open circles)or 100 PM (solid circles) GTP. With 100 FM GTP, the response decayedby lessthan 20%. With 50 PM GTP, the responsedeclined ...
... electrode solution could prevent washout of the adenosineresponse(Fig. 20. Figure 20 showsthe averagebehavior of cells for which patch electrodescontained either 50 (open circles)or 100 PM (solid circles) GTP. With 100 FM GTP, the response decayedby lessthan 20%. With 50 PM GTP, the responsedeclined ...
EVOLUTIONARILY RELATED INSERTION PATHWAYS OF
... proteins in bacteria lack presequences and insert directly from the cytoplasm. For the inner membrane of mitochondria and thylakoid membrane only a few multispanning proteins have been characterized so far in terms of their topology. ...
... proteins in bacteria lack presequences and insert directly from the cytoplasm. For the inner membrane of mitochondria and thylakoid membrane only a few multispanning proteins have been characterized so far in terms of their topology. ...
Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal
... A. Oligomerization, adapter/G protein binding, membrane translocation, and phosphorylation as themes in MAP3K regulation B. MAPK pathway biology ...
... A. Oligomerization, adapter/G protein binding, membrane translocation, and phosphorylation as themes in MAP3K regulation B. MAPK pathway biology ...
Expressway™ Cell-Free E. coli Expression System
... positive control and allows expression of an N-terminally-tagged human calmodulin-like 3 (CALML3) protein from pEXP5-NT/TOPO. The vector is supplied as 20 μl at 0.5 μg/μl in TE buffer, pH 8.0. Store at -20°C. ...
... positive control and allows expression of an N-terminally-tagged human calmodulin-like 3 (CALML3) protein from pEXP5-NT/TOPO. The vector is supplied as 20 μl at 0.5 μg/μl in TE buffer, pH 8.0. Store at -20°C. ...
protease (NS34A) and an RNA polymerase
... sequent analyses by all three groups dem onstrated that modified ubiquitin, in turn, induces parkin activity (Fig. 1). Koyano and co-workers found that modi fied ubiquitin alone could not fully activate parkin — complete activation required coin cident modification of parkin’s ubiquitin-like doma ...
... sequent analyses by all three groups dem onstrated that modified ubiquitin, in turn, induces parkin activity (Fig. 1). Koyano and co-workers found that modi fied ubiquitin alone could not fully activate parkin — complete activation required coin cident modification of parkin’s ubiquitin-like doma ...
attachment 2 - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... Comprehensive molecular analyses of soybean line DAS-44406-6 indicate that a single copy of T-DNA containing three expression cassettes for the genes 2m epsps, aad-12 and pat has been inserted at a single locus in Chromosome 6 of the soybean genome. No DNA sequences from the backbone of the transfor ...
... Comprehensive molecular analyses of soybean line DAS-44406-6 indicate that a single copy of T-DNA containing three expression cassettes for the genes 2m epsps, aad-12 and pat has been inserted at a single locus in Chromosome 6 of the soybean genome. No DNA sequences from the backbone of the transfor ...
i ANALYSIS OF THE ENU-3 PROTEIN FAMILY IN NERVOUS
... 1.1 General introduction and outline of thesis……….....…………………..………..1 1.2 Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism ……………………………….…....4 1.3 Neuron structure and function …………………...……………………………….7 1.4 C.elegans nervous system…………………………..…..………………………….10 1.5 Growth cones, axon outgrowth and axon guida ...
... 1.1 General introduction and outline of thesis……….....…………………..………..1 1.2 Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism ……………………………….…....4 1.3 Neuron structure and function …………………...……………………………….7 1.4 C.elegans nervous system…………………………..…..………………………….10 1.5 Growth cones, axon outgrowth and axon guida ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... linked through N-acetylgalactosamine positioned at the 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown ...
... linked through N-acetylgalactosamine positioned at the 2-asparagine position of the protein (Lechner & Wieland, 1989). It remains unclear how the archaeal glycosylation machinery determines which oligosaccharide entity is to be attached to a particular glycosylation site. Moreover, it could be shown ...
Article - Andrej Sali
... et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Schuwirth et al., 2005). In addition, structures of programmed bacterial ribosomes have defined a path for the translocation of mRNA and tRNAs through the intersubunit space (Yusupova et al., 2001, 2006; Korostelev et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Berk et al., 20 ...
... et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Schuwirth et al., 2005). In addition, structures of programmed bacterial ribosomes have defined a path for the translocation of mRNA and tRNAs through the intersubunit space (Yusupova et al., 2001, 2006; Korostelev et al., 2006; Selmer et al., 2006; Berk et al., 20 ...
Thylakoid biogenesis has joined the new era of bacterial cell biology
... land plants, how and where the components of thylakoid membrane are synthesized and assembled have been explored for decades (Sato et al., 1999; Zerges, 2000). Chloroplasts originated during evolution some 1.5 billion years ago as a cyanobacterial endosymbiont within the cells of the primordial ance ...
... land plants, how and where the components of thylakoid membrane are synthesized and assembled have been explored for decades (Sato et al., 1999; Zerges, 2000). Chloroplasts originated during evolution some 1.5 billion years ago as a cyanobacterial endosymbiont within the cells of the primordial ance ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ROLE OF PSEUDOMONAS
... effector HopAF1, a type III effector that is present in eleven of the nineteen sequenced strains of P. syringae and other plant pathogens. Although the presence of HopAF1 in multiple strains of P. syringae suggests that it plays an important role in virulence, no function has yet been associated wit ...
... effector HopAF1, a type III effector that is present in eleven of the nineteen sequenced strains of P. syringae and other plant pathogens. Although the presence of HopAF1 in multiple strains of P. syringae suggests that it plays an important role in virulence, no function has yet been associated wit ...
Fig. 1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... WT mitochondria (Fig. 1 A). Because Tim50 regulates Tim23 channel activity, we assessed Δψ in mitochondria with reduced amounts of Tim50 using a potential-sensitive dye. Tim50depleted and WT mitochondria were equally able to quench the fluorescent dye, indicating that the mitochondrial Δψ was not af ...
... WT mitochondria (Fig. 1 A). Because Tim50 regulates Tim23 channel activity, we assessed Δψ in mitochondria with reduced amounts of Tim50 using a potential-sensitive dye. Tim50depleted and WT mitochondria were equally able to quench the fluorescent dye, indicating that the mitochondrial Δψ was not af ...
Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic inhibitor 1
... of Emi1 to ubiquitin (Ub). The ubiquitylation of Emi1 by SCF-TrCP was determined as described in Methods in the presence of the indicated concentrations of Plk1. Where indicated, 500 units of Cdk1-cyclin B were added. (B) Influence of concentrations of Plk1 on the synergistic action of Cdk1-cyclin ...
... of Emi1 to ubiquitin (Ub). The ubiquitylation of Emi1 by SCF-TrCP was determined as described in Methods in the presence of the indicated concentrations of Plk1. Where indicated, 500 units of Cdk1-cyclin B were added. (B) Influence of concentrations of Plk1 on the synergistic action of Cdk1-cyclin ...
The maize ID1 flowering time regulator is a zinc finger protein with
... using the same protocol as described above. Full-length id1 cDNA was used as template in the ®rst and second PCR ampli®cations. In the ®rst PCR, the forward primer IDEcoRIF and reverse primers containing the desired mutation were used. In the second PCR, the forward primers, the complement sequence ...
... using the same protocol as described above. Full-length id1 cDNA was used as template in the ®rst and second PCR ampli®cations. In the ®rst PCR, the forward primer IDEcoRIF and reverse primers containing the desired mutation were used. In the second PCR, the forward primers, the complement sequence ...
Chao, Elizabeth: Critical Analysis of secondary Structure Prediction Algorithms
... Secondary structure prediction using information theory. Consideration of residue pairs. The GOR method uses information theory to formulate the influence of local sequence upon the conformation of a given residue. However, the existing database does not allow the evaluation of parameters required f ...
... Secondary structure prediction using information theory. Consideration of residue pairs. The GOR method uses information theory to formulate the influence of local sequence upon the conformation of a given residue. However, the existing database does not allow the evaluation of parameters required f ...
Simulation of Enzyme Reaction - diss.fu
... The electrostatic models used today consider these effects, however sometimes only implicitly. In standard empirical force fields used for Molecular Dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations all atoms of a molecular system are represented in detail. All electrostatic interactions between the corresponding ...
... The electrostatic models used today consider these effects, however sometimes only implicitly. In standard empirical force fields used for Molecular Dynamics or Monte Carlo simulations all atoms of a molecular system are represented in detail. All electrostatic interactions between the corresponding ...
Photoreceptor Membrane Proteins, Phototransduction, and Retinal
... photoreceptors are elongated cells consisting of several morphologically and functionally distinct regions (Fig. 1). The photoreceptor outer segment located adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer is a specialized compartment uniquely designed to carry out phototransduction, i.e. ...
... photoreceptors are elongated cells consisting of several morphologically and functionally distinct regions (Fig. 1). The photoreceptor outer segment located adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer is a specialized compartment uniquely designed to carry out phototransduction, i.e. ...
A Difference between Rods and Cones in the Renewal of Outer
... are well described by NilssonG and are depicted in Fig. 1. In both rods and cones, 10 minutes after injection, the autoradiographic reaction was largely restricted to the regions of free and membrane-bound ribosomes concentrated in the myoid portion of the cell. Labeling was somewhat heavier in rods ...
... are well described by NilssonG and are depicted in Fig. 1. In both rods and cones, 10 minutes after injection, the autoradiographic reaction was largely restricted to the regions of free and membrane-bound ribosomes concentrated in the myoid portion of the cell. Labeling was somewhat heavier in rods ...
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... laminin receptor precursor (LRP) as interacting with PrP'in yeast, insect and mammalian cells. The 37 kD LRP is located on the cell surface, and it may act as a ...
... laminin receptor precursor (LRP) as interacting with PrP'in yeast, insect and mammalian cells. The 37 kD LRP is located on the cell surface, and it may act as a ...
Metabolic implications of methionine excess. Effects of
... a continuous « flow » of pyruvate coming from methionine degradation in adapted animals (Daniel and Waisman, 1969 ; Simpson and Freedland, 1975). In this hypothesis, the pyruvate formed would participate, via acetyl-CoA, in the Krebs cycle and/or lipogenesis, whose activity would be maintained. Only ...
... a continuous « flow » of pyruvate coming from methionine degradation in adapted animals (Daniel and Waisman, 1969 ; Simpson and Freedland, 1975). In this hypothesis, the pyruvate formed would participate, via acetyl-CoA, in the Krebs cycle and/or lipogenesis, whose activity would be maintained. Only ...
Regulation of the heat stress response in Arabidopsis by
... 2004; Bethke et al., 2011), little is yet known about the specific functions of most other group B and even less is known on group C or group D members, except that group C members (MPK1, 2, 7 and 14) and at least one group D member (MPK8) are downstream of MKK3 which plays a role in pathogen and ox ...
... 2004; Bethke et al., 2011), little is yet known about the specific functions of most other group B and even less is known on group C or group D members, except that group C members (MPK1, 2, 7 and 14) and at least one group D member (MPK8) are downstream of MKK3 which plays a role in pathogen and ox ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).