Drug Interactions
... Drugs with low bioavailability due to high pre-systemic metabolism (First pass effect ...
... Drugs with low bioavailability due to high pre-systemic metabolism (First pass effect ...
Next-generation protein drugs
... mutant suppressor screen, in which one searches for secondary mutations that revert the abnormal phenotype to wild type. Sensitized cell-based screens have previously been used to identify chemical suppressors of a disease process—for example, drug leads that block the proliferation of carcinoma cel ...
... mutant suppressor screen, in which one searches for secondary mutations that revert the abnormal phenotype to wild type. Sensitized cell-based screens have previously been used to identify chemical suppressors of a disease process—for example, drug leads that block the proliferation of carcinoma cel ...
Chemistry of Opioids
... o Chirality is key only the (–) isomer has active analgesic properties Codeine = methylated morphine = prodrug Heroin = diacetylmorphine = morphine + acetic acid o ↑Lipophilicity ↑BBB penetration ↑BA ...
... o Chirality is key only the (–) isomer has active analgesic properties Codeine = methylated morphine = prodrug Heroin = diacetylmorphine = morphine + acetic acid o ↑Lipophilicity ↑BBB penetration ↑BA ...
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
... binding globulin, and alpha-fetoprotein bind estrogens. These proteins could play a role by decreasing the bio-availability of endocrine disrupters or, alternatively, by increasing the bio-availability of more potent estrogens through displacement of the endogenous hormones by the endocrine ...
... binding globulin, and alpha-fetoprotein bind estrogens. These proteins could play a role by decreasing the bio-availability of endocrine disrupters or, alternatively, by increasing the bio-availability of more potent estrogens through displacement of the endogenous hormones by the endocrine ...
Protein degradation and regulation
... C. Regulation by ancillary proteins: Several viral proteins exploit the ubiquitin system by targeting for degradation cellular substrates which may interfere with propagation of the virus. In some instances, the viral protein functions as a bridging‘ element between the E3 and the substrate, thus co ...
... C. Regulation by ancillary proteins: Several viral proteins exploit the ubiquitin system by targeting for degradation cellular substrates which may interfere with propagation of the virus. In some instances, the viral protein functions as a bridging‘ element between the E3 and the substrate, thus co ...
Proteiinien merkitys - Helsingin yliopisto
... • Infer function and/or structure starting from the amino acid sequence of a query protein – Identify related sequences, place in family – Identify conserved positions in sequence and structure ...
... • Infer function and/or structure starting from the amino acid sequence of a query protein – Identify related sequences, place in family – Identify conserved positions in sequence and structure ...
The Role of Nuclear Receptor-FGF Pathways in Hormonal
... produced ketone bodies serve as an alternative fuel for the brain, which normally uses glucose as its sole energy source. Ketotic states may prevail in healthy subjects during periods of fasting, starvation, or consumption of low-carbohydrate diets. Ketone bodies, including β-hydroxybutyric acid, ac ...
... produced ketone bodies serve as an alternative fuel for the brain, which normally uses glucose as its sole energy source. Ketotic states may prevail in healthy subjects during periods of fasting, starvation, or consumption of low-carbohydrate diets. Ketone bodies, including β-hydroxybutyric acid, ac ...
Lecture 2- protein structure
... extremely weak, they are significant because there are so many of them in large protein molecules. ...
... extremely weak, they are significant because there are so many of them in large protein molecules. ...
Exercise 1. a) The authors would like to study the membrane bound
... well folded – each amino acid has a unique and special chemical environment which renders its specific chemical shift. b) When adding the protein TAX it seems as if some of the peaks are shifted, that is, that their position in the spectrum changes. This indicates that the chemical environment of th ...
... well folded – each amino acid has a unique and special chemical environment which renders its specific chemical shift. b) When adding the protein TAX it seems as if some of the peaks are shifted, that is, that their position in the spectrum changes. This indicates that the chemical environment of th ...
Supporting Information File SF5
... guanidine thiocyanate and phenol in mono-phase solution, the thymus tissues were homogenized in TRI REAGENT (1 ml per 50-100 mg of tissue) in a Polytron homogenizer and light vertex and incubation (10 min, room temp). 0.2 ml of chloroform was added per ml of TRI REAGENT and incubation (10 min, room ...
... guanidine thiocyanate and phenol in mono-phase solution, the thymus tissues were homogenized in TRI REAGENT (1 ml per 50-100 mg of tissue) in a Polytron homogenizer and light vertex and incubation (10 min, room temp). 0.2 ml of chloroform was added per ml of TRI REAGENT and incubation (10 min, room ...
Protein Synthesis and Function: Chapter 3
... Consists of a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae Closely associated with ER Transitional vesicles from the ER containing proteins go to the Golgi apparatus for modification and maturation Condensing vesicles transport proteins to organelles or secretory proteins to the outside ...
... Consists of a stack of flattened sacs called cisternae Closely associated with ER Transitional vesicles from the ER containing proteins go to the Golgi apparatus for modification and maturation Condensing vesicles transport proteins to organelles or secretory proteins to the outside ...
Membrane Structure and Function Cell Membrane: a Phospholipid
... • The cell is surrounded by an external aqueous environment. • The cell’s interior, the cytosol, is composed mostly of water. • Spontaneous arrangement of the lipid bilayer: – Hydrophilic heads outside (interacting with water) – Hydrophobic tails inside (interacting with themselves) ...
... • The cell is surrounded by an external aqueous environment. • The cell’s interior, the cytosol, is composed mostly of water. • Spontaneous arrangement of the lipid bilayer: – Hydrophilic heads outside (interacting with water) – Hydrophobic tails inside (interacting with themselves) ...
BMMB597E_lecture3
... • However, even an objective measure of similarity does not specify how to define the different levels of the hierarchy. • These are interpretative decisions, and any apparent differences in the names and distinctions between the levels disguise the underlying general agreement about what is similar ...
... • However, even an objective measure of similarity does not specify how to define the different levels of the hierarchy. • These are interpretative decisions, and any apparent differences in the names and distinctions between the levels disguise the underlying general agreement about what is similar ...
structural organization
... • Refers to the organization of subunits in a protein with multiple subunits, may be identical or different.Subunits have a defined arrangement held together by weak, noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic, H bonds,ionic bonds) .There are two major categories of proteins with quaternary structure - ...
... • Refers to the organization of subunits in a protein with multiple subunits, may be identical or different.Subunits have a defined arrangement held together by weak, noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic, H bonds,ionic bonds) .There are two major categories of proteins with quaternary structure - ...
Lecture 3
... • Refers to the organization of subunits in a protein with multiple subunits, may be identical or different.Subunits have a defined arrangement held together by weak, noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic, H bonds,ionic bonds) .There are two major categories of proteins with quaternary structure - ...
... • Refers to the organization of subunits in a protein with multiple subunits, may be identical or different.Subunits have a defined arrangement held together by weak, noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic, H bonds,ionic bonds) .There are two major categories of proteins with quaternary structure - ...
Chapter Summary for Nutrition: Concepts and
... Proteins are unique among the energy nutrients in that they possess nitrogen-containing amine groups and are composed of 20 different amino acid units. Of the 20 amino acids, some are essential and some are essential only in special circumstances. Amino acids link into long strands that coil and fol ...
... Proteins are unique among the energy nutrients in that they possess nitrogen-containing amine groups and are composed of 20 different amino acid units. Of the 20 amino acids, some are essential and some are essential only in special circumstances. Amino acids link into long strands that coil and fol ...
Las proteínas que `resisten` a la sal
... The main use of this scientific finding is the enzymatic engineering of enzymes, because, according to Oscar Millet, in bio-reactors there are "conditions of water shortages similar to those in saline environments”. In short, their use would be feasible in the field of biotechnology, namely the indu ...
... The main use of this scientific finding is the enzymatic engineering of enzymes, because, according to Oscar Millet, in bio-reactors there are "conditions of water shortages similar to those in saline environments”. In short, their use would be feasible in the field of biotechnology, namely the indu ...
Cell research is an exercise in traffic control
... Allison's research has received more than $3 million in funding since 2001 from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. Early on, her lab discovered that thyroid hormone receptors were unusual in that they didn't just enter the nucleus and stay there, but will exit aga ...
... Allison's research has received more than $3 million in funding since 2001 from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. Early on, her lab discovered that thyroid hormone receptors were unusual in that they didn't just enter the nucleus and stay there, but will exit aga ...
Poster
... Today, surgeons and dentists would not consider operating without the use of anesthetics, drugs that help numb pain and induce unconsciousness by inhibiting the transmission of signals in nerve cells. The GABAA receptor is a transmembrane receptor protein activated by the neurotransmitter gamma-amin ...
... Today, surgeons and dentists would not consider operating without the use of anesthetics, drugs that help numb pain and induce unconsciousness by inhibiting the transmission of signals in nerve cells. The GABAA receptor is a transmembrane receptor protein activated by the neurotransmitter gamma-amin ...
Pharmacology II Tutoring: Drugs of abuse
... WHAT IS POPULAR OTC MEDICINE TEENS ABUSE THAT IS A DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC AT HIGH DOSES? • A. Dimenhydrinate • B. Dextromethorphan ...
... WHAT IS POPULAR OTC MEDICINE TEENS ABUSE THAT IS A DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC AT HIGH DOSES? • A. Dimenhydrinate • B. Dextromethorphan ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... influx of calcium ions occurs in the postsynaptic neuron. During certain pathological scenarios such as stroke, extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are also activated (Hardingham & Bading, 2010). Although the unique contributions of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors to cPLA 2 activation remain uncl ...
... influx of calcium ions occurs in the postsynaptic neuron. During certain pathological scenarios such as stroke, extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are also activated (Hardingham & Bading, 2010). Although the unique contributions of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors to cPLA 2 activation remain uncl ...
PPT presentation
... Initial alignment based on several rules (match beginning of structures, match ends, match pairs based on sequence alignment, …) Refine the alignments by DP (Needleman-Wunsch) ...
... Initial alignment based on several rules (match beginning of structures, match ends, match pairs based on sequence alignment, …) Refine the alignments by DP (Needleman-Wunsch) ...
University of Groningen DNAJ proteins: more than just “co
... the flies when the incubators were accidently shifted to elevated temperature. Following up this serendipity, he showed that cells can activate a specific transcriptional program when exposed to elevated temperatures, later referred to as “heat shock response”. A decade later, Alfred Tissieres disco ...
... the flies when the incubators were accidently shifted to elevated temperature. Following up this serendipity, he showed that cells can activate a specific transcriptional program when exposed to elevated temperatures, later referred to as “heat shock response”. A decade later, Alfred Tissieres disco ...
ppt - Avraham Samson`s Lab
... molecule has an astronomical number of possible conformations. For example, a polypeptide of 100 residues will have 99 peptide bonds, and therefore 198 different phi and psi bond angles. If each of these bond angles can be in one of three stable conformations, the protein may misfold into a maximum ...
... molecule has an astronomical number of possible conformations. For example, a polypeptide of 100 residues will have 99 peptide bonds, and therefore 198 different phi and psi bond angles. If each of these bond angles can be in one of three stable conformations, the protein may misfold into a maximum ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).