Topological studies suggest that the pathway of the protons through
... TID-reactive residues in F0• The labeling profilein Fig. 58 was obtaincd after reaction with Neurospora crassa mitochondria in the presence of an oligomycin concentration 10-fold higher than necessary for maximal inhibition. The identical group of residues was TID-reactive in the presence and in the ...
... TID-reactive residues in F0• The labeling profilein Fig. 58 was obtaincd after reaction with Neurospora crassa mitochondria in the presence of an oligomycin concentration 10-fold higher than necessary for maximal inhibition. The identical group of residues was TID-reactive in the presence and in the ...
a Disulfide Bridge DataBase for the predictive analysis of cysteine
... Nevertheless much work has been devoted to the prediction of disulfide bonds [4,1,5,6]. The main drawback of these approaches is that they rely on sets of proteins, called by extension databases which are not organized as genuine databases, but which are a list of PDB identifiers. Some other researc ...
... Nevertheless much work has been devoted to the prediction of disulfide bonds [4,1,5,6]. The main drawback of these approaches is that they rely on sets of proteins, called by extension databases which are not organized as genuine databases, but which are a list of PDB identifiers. Some other researc ...
laboratory of photoenvironmental biology
... therein. The purified flavoprotein (ca. 400 kDa), with noncovalently bound FAD, seemed to be a heterotetramer of - and -subunits. Predicted amino acid sequences of each of the subunits were similar to each other and contained two FAD-binding domains (BLUF: sensor of blue light using FAD) each foll ...
... therein. The purified flavoprotein (ca. 400 kDa), with noncovalently bound FAD, seemed to be a heterotetramer of - and -subunits. Predicted amino acid sequences of each of the subunits were similar to each other and contained two FAD-binding domains (BLUF: sensor of blue light using FAD) each foll ...
Like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE)
... cleaved by a furin-like protease during the posttranslational maturation of dystroglycan (16). We hypothesized that Thr-317 and -319 residues near the LARGE-recognition domain (i.e., the DGN) are required for and/or able to promote functional glycosylation of the downstream Thr-rich sequence. To tes ...
... cleaved by a furin-like protease during the posttranslational maturation of dystroglycan (16). We hypothesized that Thr-317 and -319 residues near the LARGE-recognition domain (i.e., the DGN) are required for and/or able to promote functional glycosylation of the downstream Thr-rich sequence. To tes ...
Signal Perception and Transduction: The Origin of
... and are located in the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, or even the cell wall. A number of well-characterized receptors are protein kinases. In these cases, ligand binding triggers the kinase activity of the receptor, and subsequent signal transduction occurs through a protein kinase cascade. Ot ...
... and are located in the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, or even the cell wall. A number of well-characterized receptors are protein kinases. In these cases, ligand binding triggers the kinase activity of the receptor, and subsequent signal transduction occurs through a protein kinase cascade. Ot ...
Innovative Purification Protocol for Heparin Binding
... the aid of molecular chaperones to fold into their native states [27]. Proteins may shift between several related structures while they perform their biological function, these functional rearrangements, these tertiary and quaternary structures are referred to as conformations and transition between ...
... the aid of molecular chaperones to fold into their native states [27]. Proteins may shift between several related structures while they perform their biological function, these functional rearrangements, these tertiary and quaternary structures are referred to as conformations and transition between ...
The Case Against a Darwinian Origin of Protein Folds
... products through a process that is more extensive than mere catalysis, and this processing requires a structure than extends well beyond the active site. Another common functional constraint with implications for protein size is the need to achieve direct coupling of processes occurring at different ...
... products through a process that is more extensive than mere catalysis, and this processing requires a structure than extends well beyond the active site. Another common functional constraint with implications for protein size is the need to achieve direct coupling of processes occurring at different ...
8. ARTÍCULOS
... more RCC1-like domains as well as a C-terminal HECT domain in their amino acid sequences. This has led researchers to suggest that they may act as both guanine nucleotide exchange factors and E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here we describe a physical interaction between the HECT domain of HERC1, a giant prot ...
... more RCC1-like domains as well as a C-terminal HECT domain in their amino acid sequences. This has led researchers to suggest that they may act as both guanine nucleotide exchange factors and E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here we describe a physical interaction between the HECT domain of HERC1, a giant prot ...
Caulobacter Export™ Manual
... amino acids are serine or threonine) and small neutral residues. It contains few charged amino acids. Those few result in an acidic protein with a predicted pI of 3.46. Finally, there are no cysteine residues (7). Structural Features of RsaA: The RsaA protein has been characterized functionally and ...
... amino acids are serine or threonine) and small neutral residues. It contains few charged amino acids. Those few result in an acidic protein with a predicted pI of 3.46. Finally, there are no cysteine residues (7). Structural Features of RsaA: The RsaA protein has been characterized functionally and ...
Cell-to-cell communication Transduction pathways
... Steroid Hormones Hydrophobic Can diffuse through plasma membrane Cannot be stored in the cell Must be synthesized on demand Transported to target cell by carrier proteins Example: albumin ...
... Steroid Hormones Hydrophobic Can diffuse through plasma membrane Cannot be stored in the cell Must be synthesized on demand Transported to target cell by carrier proteins Example: albumin ...
Coordinated Regulation of AIB1 Transcriptional Activity by
... sumoylated AIB1 was only detected in the absence of E2 stimulation, we wished to know whether the sumoylation of AIB1 occurred in cytoplasm or in the nucleus. For this purpose, we prepared cytosolic and nuclear protein extracts separately from MCF-7 cells cultured in the absence of E2. Immunoprecipi ...
... sumoylated AIB1 was only detected in the absence of E2 stimulation, we wished to know whether the sumoylation of AIB1 occurred in cytoplasm or in the nucleus. For this purpose, we prepared cytosolic and nuclear protein extracts separately from MCF-7 cells cultured in the absence of E2. Immunoprecipi ...
Review on Dengue viral Replication, assembly and entry into the
... serotypes 1–4). It is also a bifunctional enzyme with a methyltransferase domain (MTase; residues 1–296) at its N-terminal end and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; residues 320–900) at its C-terminal end. The structure of the MTase domain was previously solved for DENV [50] and recently solved ...
... serotypes 1–4). It is also a bifunctional enzyme with a methyltransferase domain (MTase; residues 1–296) at its N-terminal end and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; residues 320–900) at its C-terminal end. The structure of the MTase domain was previously solved for DENV [50] and recently solved ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis SOD1
... Copyright Ó 2013 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/13/$16.00 www.jimmunol.org/cgi/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.1203262 ...
... Copyright Ó 2013 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/13/$16.00 www.jimmunol.org/cgi/doi/10.4049/jimmunol.1203262 ...
Chapter 27 Protein Metabolism
... ___A ribosome is the complex within which protein synthesis occurs. ___Ribosomes contain many separate proteins. ___The three ribosomal RNAs in a bacterial ribosome are distributed in three separate, large ribosomal subunits. ___There are four binding sites for aminoacyl-tRNAs on a ribosome. Ans: T; ...
... ___A ribosome is the complex within which protein synthesis occurs. ___Ribosomes contain many separate proteins. ___The three ribosomal RNAs in a bacterial ribosome are distributed in three separate, large ribosomal subunits. ___There are four binding sites for aminoacyl-tRNAs on a ribosome. Ans: T; ...
Current Topics in the Biology of Disease CH400
... of peripheral lymphocytes. • TNF or TNFR ‘knockout’ mice show an susceptibility to microbial infection and a ...
... of peripheral lymphocytes. • TNF or TNFR ‘knockout’ mice show an susceptibility to microbial infection and a ...
The Plant Journal
... Clathrin-mediated vesicle traf®cking is a multi-step process that includes the formation of a clathrin-coated pit, the invagination of the pit, the ®ssion of the coated vesicle and the uncoating of the vesicle in the cytoplasm. In mammalian and yeast cells each of these steps is regulated by an acce ...
... Clathrin-mediated vesicle traf®cking is a multi-step process that includes the formation of a clathrin-coated pit, the invagination of the pit, the ®ssion of the coated vesicle and the uncoating of the vesicle in the cytoplasm. In mammalian and yeast cells each of these steps is regulated by an acce ...
Avirulence proteins from haustoria
... rust effector proteins may also have intrinsic plant crossmembrane transport mechanisms. In planta expression of full-length rust Avr genes, with the inclusion of the signal peptide leader sequence, also results in an R gene-dependent HR (Dodds et al., 2004; Catanzariti et al., 2006). This observati ...
... rust effector proteins may also have intrinsic plant crossmembrane transport mechanisms. In planta expression of full-length rust Avr genes, with the inclusion of the signal peptide leader sequence, also results in an R gene-dependent HR (Dodds et al., 2004; Catanzariti et al., 2006). This observati ...
Functional Characterization of the 180
... stripped microsomal membranes, as well as the immunodepletion of p180 from translocation-competent proteoliposomes resulted in a loss of both ribosome binding and translocation activity (Savitz and Meyer, 1993). A protein of 34 kD has also been postulated as a ribosome receptor using an in vitro ass ...
... stripped microsomal membranes, as well as the immunodepletion of p180 from translocation-competent proteoliposomes resulted in a loss of both ribosome binding and translocation activity (Savitz and Meyer, 1993). A protein of 34 kD has also been postulated as a ribosome receptor using an in vitro ass ...
Proteins and Albumin
... proteins is their tertiary (3°) structure and is very important for their functions because it brings remote regions of the amino acid sequence into close proximity, creating active sites on enzymes and antigen-binding sites on antibodies. John Kendrew and Max Perutz were the first to demonstrate th ...
... proteins is their tertiary (3°) structure and is very important for their functions because it brings remote regions of the amino acid sequence into close proximity, creating active sites on enzymes and antigen-binding sites on antibodies. John Kendrew and Max Perutz were the first to demonstrate th ...
Bioinformatics approaches for functional
... Membrane receptors are specialized protein molecules in the membranes of cells, to which external molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs) attach, triggering changes in the function of the cell. Essentially they receive external chemical signals and pass to the interior of the cell. Numerous r ...
... Membrane receptors are specialized protein molecules in the membranes of cells, to which external molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs) attach, triggering changes in the function of the cell. Essentially they receive external chemical signals and pass to the interior of the cell. Numerous r ...
Inhibition of Protein Kinases by Balanol: Specificity within the Serine
... Fig. 2B). The Ki values for 140-decarboxybalanol and 100deoxybalanol on PKA are 11 and 3.9 nM (Koide et al., 1995). Thus, eliminating the seven-membered ring from balanol backbone has a modest effect on balanol’s affinity toward the ATP binding site on PKA, whereas omission of the carboxy or hydroxy ...
... Fig. 2B). The Ki values for 140-decarboxybalanol and 100deoxybalanol on PKA are 11 and 3.9 nM (Koide et al., 1995). Thus, eliminating the seven-membered ring from balanol backbone has a modest effect on balanol’s affinity toward the ATP binding site on PKA, whereas omission of the carboxy or hydroxy ...
Supplemental file S8 to
... in its representation of the number of PDZ domains encoded per genome and per gene (Fig. S1A, S1C-E). Logarithmic plotting of the various genome sizes and their associated PDZomes shows that this increase in the total number of PDZ domains encoded and the number of PDZ encoding genes can be approxi ...
... in its representation of the number of PDZ domains encoded per genome and per gene (Fig. S1A, S1C-E). Logarithmic plotting of the various genome sizes and their associated PDZomes shows that this increase in the total number of PDZ domains encoded and the number of PDZ encoding genes can be approxi ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).