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P R T S Q
P R T S Q

...  Very useful during exercise, as they may contribute up to 40% of the ventricles’ volume o Shortness of breath may develop Electrical Activity  Each cardiac cycle is initiated by spontaneous generation of an AP in the SA node  This AP spreads rapidly w/in the atria, but is slowed by ~0.1 sec befo ...
Candidate`s Declaration
Candidate`s Declaration

... therapeutic devices, infusion pumps, and drainage devices. Modern monitoring devices are also capable of providing derived and computed information in addition to raw data. Heavily instrumented patients frequently have up to 20 medical devices monitoring them, producing up to 100 pieces of clinicall ...
File
File

... Most substances that need to be carried from one part to another are carried through the blood. For example, blood carries oxygen from your lungs to your other body cells. Blood also transports the glucose your cells use to produce energy. ...
heart structure edited QUESTIONS
heart structure edited QUESTIONS

... Give two factors, other than smoking, which increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Factor 1 ................................................................................................................................. ...
Depolarization - Little Shop of Physics
Depolarization - Little Shop of Physics

Heart dissection - misssimpson.com
Heart dissection - misssimpson.com

... To find the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood and the chambers and valves of the heart To work out the direction of blood flow through the heart YOU NEED A heart Dissecting board Scissors or a scalpel String 2 pieces, each 30 cm long, Disposable gloves Soap and water SAFETY T ...
sudden loss of consciousness (syncope)
sudden loss of consciousness (syncope)

... Of more concern are inherited diseases, which principally affect the heart’s electrical system, such as the long QT syndrome, and the heart muscle, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The long QT syndrome is particularly of concern because there are no physical abnormalities to detect, only a subtl ...
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System

... stimulates the heart at a set rhythm • Stimulate a set rhythm or fire when HR drops below a set minimum • Transvenous approach ...
SUDDEN LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (SYNCOPE)
SUDDEN LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS (SYNCOPE)

... more severe malformations, or rheumatic heart disease (which affects the heart valves and muscle), are well known examples. Most of the time these conditions are not manifested by sudden loss of consciousness, but instead present as shortness of breath or fatigue, or are indicated through physical e ...
Heart rate
Heart rate

... – No P waves; If AV node takes over, there will be a slower rhythm (40–60 bpm) • Defective AV node may result in – Partial or total heart block – Longer delay at AV node than normal – No all impulses from SA node reach the ventricles • Ventricular fibrillation: – cardiac muscle cells are overly sens ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... aorta where it leaves the heart.  Great cardiac vein drains tissue on the left side and small cardiac vein drains the right margin. ...
Transient First-Degree Atrioventricular Block in a Young Patient
Transient First-Degree Atrioventricular Block in a Young Patient

... (Table 1). Additionally, sixth nerve damage and hypothyroidism appeared in the literature (4). There are several possible explanations for the development of transient first-degree heart block. The most likely is a transient alteration in autonomic input to the atrioventricular (AV) node. Vagal nerv ...
The atrial walls are thinner than the ventricular walls. Higher
The atrial walls are thinner than the ventricular walls. Higher

... • The pulmonary semilunar valve ­ right. • The aortic semilunar valve ­ left. ...
Biventricular ICD implant using endocardial LV lead
Biventricular ICD implant using endocardial LV lead

... Using aseptic technique, the old pacemaker pocket was opened and the existing RV pacing lead was capped off and buried deeply in to the pocket. Three separate left subclavian vein punctures were performed and the guidewires secured in place. First, a new RV bipolar active fixation dual coil shock lea ...
Introduction to the research project
Introduction to the research project

... 4 Chronic lower respiratory diseases ......................124,181 ...
Supraventricular Causes of Palpitations
Supraventricular Causes of Palpitations

... Large voltages in precordial leads, dagger-like Q waves in inferolateral leads --hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? ...
Amphibians Review #2
Amphibians Review #2

... Gall bladder ...
Rajiv Gandhi University Of Health Sciences, Karnataka Bangalore
Rajiv Gandhi University Of Health Sciences, Karnataka Bangalore

... Electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the most widely used markers of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has become a clinical priority to precociously detect left ventricular hypertrophy by effective, low-cost screening, applicable to the population in gen ...
A Fully Automatic Novel Method to Determine QT
A Fully Automatic Novel Method to Determine QT

... represents the stimulation of right and left ventricles. Right and left ventricles perform to pumps venous blood into the pulmonary and fresh blood through the artery. All of the works to be done are automatically achieved which means that the heart is an autonomous system. Synchronization is provid ...
CP Clinical Preceptorship Programme
CP Clinical Preceptorship Programme

... Guide – Criteria for Stage 1, 2 & 3....................................................................................................................................... 24 Activity Outcome and Feedback ................................................................................................ ...
Heart Failure 2013
Heart Failure 2013

... • Ejection Fraction= percentage of blood left ventricle pumps out with each beat – Normal= 55-70% – <40% = impaired function ...
Name: Class: ______ Date: Sheep Heart Dissection Student
Name: Class: ______ Date: Sheep Heart Dissection Student

... 6. How do the walls of the atria compare with the walls of the ventricles and why are they different? ...
Other Heart Surgeries
Other Heart Surgeries

... How is Valve Surgery Done? During surgery, the damaged valve is removed, and a new valve is sewn in its place. Valve surgery is similar to bypass surgery. • The breast bone is opened to access the heart. • Medicines are given to stop the heart. • A heart-lung bypass machine keeps blood and oxygen m ...
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation

... Rarely, when all other treatments of atrial fibrillation are ineffective, parts of the atrioventricular node can be destroyed by radiofrequency ablation (delivery of energy of a specific frequency through an electrode catheter inserted in the heart). This procedure slows the ventricular rate in some ...
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Peripheral Vascular Disease

... *All primary SCD prevention ICD recommendations apply only to patients who are receiving optimal medical therapy and have reasonable expectation of survival with good functional capacity for more than 1 year. ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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