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Trinity CVS lecture 2
Trinity CVS lecture 2

Bradycardia and Pacing
Bradycardia and Pacing

tetralogy of fallot
tetralogy of fallot

... In some babies with this condition, the diagnosis is made on an antenatal ultrasound scan. This helps prepare the medical and nursing staff when your baby is born and to ensure that appropriate care is obtained. After birth, when medical or nursing staff listens to your baby’s heart they may hear a ...
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... 1745–1827 Italy Alessandro Volta discovered that electric energy was produced by heart muscle contractions. 1749–1832 England Edward Jenner, better know for smallpox vaccine, made the essential link between angina pectoris and disease of the coronary arteries. 1752–1832 Italy Antonio Scarpa describe ...
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Electrocardiography



Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG*) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on a patient's body. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle depolarizing during each heartbeat.In a conventional 12 lead ECG, ten electrodes are placed on the patient's limbs and on the surface of the chest. The overall magnitude of the heart's electrical potential is then measured from twelve different angles (""leads"") and is recorded over a period of time (usually 10 seconds). In this way, the overall magnitude and direction of the heart's electrical depolarization is captured at each moment throughout the cardiac cycle. The graph of voltage versus time produced by this noninvasive medical procedure is referred to as an electrocardiogram (abbreviated ECG or EKG).During each heartbeat, a healthy heart will have an orderly progression of depolarization that starts with pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node, spreads out through the atrium, passes through the atrioventricular node down into the bundle of His and into the Purkinje fibers spreading down and to the left throughout the ventricles. This orderly pattern of depolarization gives rise to the characteristic ECG tracing. To the trained clinician, an ECG conveys a large amount of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. Among other things, an ECG can be used to measure the rate and rhythm of heartbeats, the size and position of the heart chambers, the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of cardiac drugs, and the function of implanted pacemakers.
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