adjusting the conditions inside when the outside conditions change
... 10. Where does this process occur in eukaryotic cells? ___________________ 11. Where does this process occur in prokaryotic cells? ___________________ 12. If oxygen is not present, either ____________________ or ______________ and ________ are made. Pg. 105 13. The main fuel for respiration is _____ ...
... 10. Where does this process occur in eukaryotic cells? ___________________ 11. Where does this process occur in prokaryotic cells? ___________________ 12. If oxygen is not present, either ____________________ or ______________ and ________ are made. Pg. 105 13. The main fuel for respiration is _____ ...
Cellular Process Test w/answers
... 6. Which of statement best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria? (4B) a. Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules b. Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place c. Oxygen ...
... 6. Which of statement best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria? (4B) a. Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules b. Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place c. Oxygen ...
(Semester VI) Paper 15: PLANT METABOLISM THEORY Unit 1
... (10 lectures) Unit 5: ATP-Synthesis Mechanism of ATP synthesis, substrate level phosphorylation, chemiosmotic mechanism (oxidative and photophosphorylation), ATP synthase, Boyers conformational model, Racker’s experiment, Jagendorf’s experiment; role of uncouplers. (5 lectures) Unit 6: Lipid metabol ...
... (10 lectures) Unit 5: ATP-Synthesis Mechanism of ATP synthesis, substrate level phosphorylation, chemiosmotic mechanism (oxidative and photophosphorylation), ATP synthase, Boyers conformational model, Racker’s experiment, Jagendorf’s experiment; role of uncouplers. (5 lectures) Unit 6: Lipid metabol ...
Bio102 Problems
... 3. For the electron transport chain used in photosynthesis, the initial electron donor is __________________, the final electron acceptor is __________________, and the electron has gained/lost energy during transport. 4. Identify the metabolic process (such as fermentation, -oxidation, etc.) that ...
... 3. For the electron transport chain used in photosynthesis, the initial electron donor is __________________, the final electron acceptor is __________________, and the electron has gained/lost energy during transport. 4. Identify the metabolic process (such as fermentation, -oxidation, etc.) that ...
video slide
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation – In the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 lose energy in several steps ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation – In the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 lose energy in several steps ...
AnSc 5311 Ruminant Nutrition Microbial Fermentation of
... In this figure, X is a carrier of unknown structure, B12 is hydridocobalamin, and CoM is coenzyme M a) ...
... In this figure, X is a carrier of unknown structure, B12 is hydridocobalamin, and CoM is coenzyme M a) ...
Chapter 20-Amino Acid Metabolism
... Phe is converted to Tyr by phenylalanine hydroxylase. This is the biosynthetic pathway for making Tyr, and this is the first step in the degradation of Phe. →Phenylketonuria- autosommal recessive disorder in which phenylalanine hydroxylase is deficient. The Phe can be degraded so it is converted to ...
... Phe is converted to Tyr by phenylalanine hydroxylase. This is the biosynthetic pathway for making Tyr, and this is the first step in the degradation of Phe. →Phenylketonuria- autosommal recessive disorder in which phenylalanine hydroxylase is deficient. The Phe can be degraded so it is converted to ...
Bis2A 07.1 Glycolysis
... its isomers. (This change from phosphoglucose to phosphofructose allows the eventual split of the sugar into two three-carbon molecules.). Step 3. The third step is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. A second ATP molecule donates a high-energy p ...
... its isomers. (This change from phosphoglucose to phosphofructose allows the eventual split of the sugar into two three-carbon molecules.). Step 3. The third step is the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme phosphofructokinase. A second ATP molecule donates a high-energy p ...
Test 2 - Lone Star College
... that cell damage is a product of aging, not the actual cause. “It’s like the sun coming up every morning—they can’t prove that it will,” he says in reference to free radical proponents. “But I have to prove that it won’t.” These modified worms are not healthy, though; they show evidence of oxidative ...
... that cell damage is a product of aging, not the actual cause. “It’s like the sun coming up every morning—they can’t prove that it will,” he says in reference to free radical proponents. “But I have to prove that it won’t.” These modified worms are not healthy, though; they show evidence of oxidative ...
Ch. 9
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an ...
... • NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain • Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transport chain passes electrons in a series of steps instead of one explosive reaction • Oxygen pulls electrons down the chain in an ...
9700/04 - StudyGuide.PK
... Fig. 1.2 is a diagram of an electron micrograph of part of a chloroplast showing thylakoid ...
... Fig. 1.2 is a diagram of an electron micrograph of part of a chloroplast showing thylakoid ...
Where is the energy transfer?
... mitochondrion. What purpose does it serve? How is a concentration gradient important in the process shown here? What is the significance of the inner membrane being folded? ...
... mitochondrion. What purpose does it serve? How is a concentration gradient important in the process shown here? What is the significance of the inner membrane being folded? ...
of Glycolysis
... • Phosphofructokinase‐ major control point; first enzyme “unique” to glycolysis • Pyruvate kinase •Phosphofructokinase responds to changes in: • Energy state of the cell (high ATP levels inhibit) • H+ concentration (high lactate levels inhibit) • Availability of alternate fuels such as fatty acids, ...
... • Phosphofructokinase‐ major control point; first enzyme “unique” to glycolysis • Pyruvate kinase •Phosphofructokinase responds to changes in: • Energy state of the cell (high ATP levels inhibit) • H+ concentration (high lactate levels inhibit) • Availability of alternate fuels such as fatty acids, ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... respectively, back into the cytosol. – Glucose 6-phosphatase is stabilized by a Ca2+-binding protein (SP). ...
... respectively, back into the cytosol. – Glucose 6-phosphatase is stabilized by a Ca2+-binding protein (SP). ...
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas Pathway
... The second step takes place in the cytoplasm by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Note that the CO2 is now taken off. Why was it added in the first place? The decarboxylation drives the reaction. ...
... The second step takes place in the cytoplasm by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Note that the CO2 is now taken off. Why was it added in the first place? The decarboxylation drives the reaction. ...
Jennifer Atkinson October 14, 2013 HUN 3230 Section 81944
... begins with the two-carbon Acetyl CoA and the four-carbon oxaloacetic acid to make a sixcarbon citric acid molecule. The citric acid then goes through a series of reactions where NAD+ is hydrogenated to make NADH, ADP is used to make ATP, and two carbon dioxide molecules are released. Since the two ...
... begins with the two-carbon Acetyl CoA and the four-carbon oxaloacetic acid to make a sixcarbon citric acid molecule. The citric acid then goes through a series of reactions where NAD+ is hydrogenated to make NADH, ADP is used to make ATP, and two carbon dioxide molecules are released. Since the two ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
... • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all human cells • An anaerobic process: the only process that provides cells with energy under conditions of inadequate oxygen • Breaks down chemical bonds in glucose molecules and releases approximately 5% of the energy stored in them • Prepares glucose for t ...
... • Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of all human cells • An anaerobic process: the only process that provides cells with energy under conditions of inadequate oxygen • Breaks down chemical bonds in glucose molecules and releases approximately 5% of the energy stored in them • Prepares glucose for t ...
Metabolism
... pyruvate or other intermediates. Seven reactions are the reverse of glycolysis and use the same enzymes. Three reactions are not reversible. Reaction 1 Catalyzed by hexokinase glucose + ATP glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Reaction 3 Catalyzed by phosphofructokinase fructose 6-phosphate + ATP fructose 1,6- ...
... pyruvate or other intermediates. Seven reactions are the reverse of glycolysis and use the same enzymes. Three reactions are not reversible. Reaction 1 Catalyzed by hexokinase glucose + ATP glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Reaction 3 Catalyzed by phosphofructokinase fructose 6-phosphate + ATP fructose 1,6- ...
EXAM 1 KEY
... 15. In case study 25 on glycogen storage disease, Alex has a deficiency in the enzyme Muscle phosphorlase a which lead to high levels of glycogen. What would your conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen ...
... 15. In case study 25 on glycogen storage disease, Alex has a deficiency in the enzyme Muscle phosphorlase a which lead to high levels of glycogen. What would your conclusion be if Alex's results shown elevated levels of glycogen as well as g lucose-6phosphate (instead of elevated levels of glycogen ...
Further Details of Mechanism
... • Hydrophobic tail of each is composed of 6 to 10 five-carbon isoprenoid units • The isoprenoid chain allows these quinones to dissolve in lipid membranes ...
... • Hydrophobic tail of each is composed of 6 to 10 five-carbon isoprenoid units • The isoprenoid chain allows these quinones to dissolve in lipid membranes ...
Cellular respiration
... You should now be able to: 1. Explain in general terms how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges 2. Name the three stages of cellular respiration; for each, state the region of the eukaryotic cell where it occurs and the products that result 3. In general terms, explain the role of the e ...
... You should now be able to: 1. Explain in general terms how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges 2. Name the three stages of cellular respiration; for each, state the region of the eukaryotic cell where it occurs and the products that result 3. In general terms, explain the role of the e ...
24,7 Loctic Fermentotion
... The pathway by which lactate is conuerted to glucose is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis,which is the synthesis of glucose from startingmaterials that are not carbohydrates,is an exampleof an anabolic (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six mol ...
... The pathway by which lactate is conuerted to glucose is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis,which is the synthesis of glucose from startingmaterials that are not carbohydrates,is an exampleof an anabolic (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six mol ...
C483 Summer 2015 Exam 2 Name 1. 20 pts Fill in the blanks (2
... C. ______________ Integral proteins are generally reversibly associated with the cell membrane. ...
... C. ______________ Integral proteins are generally reversibly associated with the cell membrane. ...
Chapter 5: Major Metabolic Pathways
... 3. Respiration or electron transport chain for formation of ATP by transferring electrons from NADH to an electron acceptor (O2 under aerobic conditions). ...
... 3. Respiration or electron transport chain for formation of ATP by transferring electrons from NADH to an electron acceptor (O2 under aerobic conditions). ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.