AP Biology Study Guide
... Krebs cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle oxidative phosphorylation substrate level phosphorylation pyruvate ...
... Krebs cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle oxidative phosphorylation substrate level phosphorylation pyruvate ...
C9 Cellular Respiration (Video)
... as waste product. No CO2 produced. In human muscles, lactic acid carried to liver by blood where it is converted back to pyruvate. Stages of CR (Net total ATP = 38): 1. Glycolysis – in the cytosol; aerobic or anaerobic; net 2 ATP 2. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) – in mitochondrion; aerobic; 2 ATP ...
... as waste product. No CO2 produced. In human muscles, lactic acid carried to liver by blood where it is converted back to pyruvate. Stages of CR (Net total ATP = 38): 1. Glycolysis – in the cytosol; aerobic or anaerobic; net 2 ATP 2. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) – in mitochondrion; aerobic; 2 ATP ...
Chapter 9_ objectives
... In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
... In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
AP Biology Study Guide Exam 2
... RELEASES ENERGY, AND IS EXERGONIC Reduction= removing oxygen, gaining hydrogen, gains electrons, stores energy, and is endergonic Electrons are carried by carrier molecules NAD+ and FAD+2 When reduced, NAD+= NADH, and FAD+2= FADH2 Four stages to cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxi ...
... RELEASES ENERGY, AND IS EXERGONIC Reduction= removing oxygen, gaining hydrogen, gains electrons, stores energy, and is endergonic Electrons are carried by carrier molecules NAD+ and FAD+2 When reduced, NAD+= NADH, and FAD+2= FADH2 Four stages to cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxi ...
RESPIRATION: SYNTHESIS OF ATP
... Synthesis of ATP Anaerobic conditions (fermentation) ! Glycolysis depends on a supply of substrates: glucose, ADP, Pi, NAD+ ! NAD+, FAD present in only small amounts in cell. ! Therefore, NAD+ must be regenerated from NADH to allow continued glycolysis, citric acid cycle operation. ! In air, electr ...
... Synthesis of ATP Anaerobic conditions (fermentation) ! Glycolysis depends on a supply of substrates: glucose, ADP, Pi, NAD+ ! NAD+, FAD present in only small amounts in cell. ! Therefore, NAD+ must be regenerated from NADH to allow continued glycolysis, citric acid cycle operation. ! In air, electr ...
Chapter 8
... The electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmosis - pump hydrogen ions out Proton Motive Force concentration gradient of differing charge ...
... The electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmosis - pump hydrogen ions out Proton Motive Force concentration gradient of differing charge ...
Electron Transport Chain _ETC
... coenzymes ( NAD+,FAD) and The reduced form of these coenzymes ( NADH,FADH2) can, in turn, each donate a pair of electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers, collectively called the electron transport chain, as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, they lose much of their fr ...
... coenzymes ( NAD+,FAD) and The reduced form of these coenzymes ( NADH,FADH2) can, in turn, each donate a pair of electrons to a specialized set of electron carriers, collectively called the electron transport chain, as electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, they lose much of their fr ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Vocabulary File
... 7) Light Reactions = Light energy is converted to chemical energy; Energy is captured from sunlight in the chlorophyll of the chloroplasts of plant cells. 8) Dark Reactions = (Calvin Cycle); Carbon dioxide (CO2) and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of carbohydrate mol ...
... 7) Light Reactions = Light energy is converted to chemical energy; Energy is captured from sunlight in the chlorophyll of the chloroplasts of plant cells. 8) Dark Reactions = (Calvin Cycle); Carbon dioxide (CO2) and the chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of carbohydrate mol ...
Ch. 9 – Cellular Respiration Why does the energy stored in different
... In the ETC, the electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 that were produced in Glycolysis and Kreb’s are now going to drop off their high energy electrons and H+ ions onto the mitochondrial membrane. Once there, the energy of the electrons, with help from electron carrier proteins, will pump the H+ ions a ...
... In the ETC, the electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 that were produced in Glycolysis and Kreb’s are now going to drop off their high energy electrons and H+ ions onto the mitochondrial membrane. Once there, the energy of the electrons, with help from electron carrier proteins, will pump the H+ ions a ...
Slide 1
... organic molecule (carbon source). Be sure to include the product of ATP and its reactants. 6. Be able to identify the 3 parts of ATP. a. identify where the ATP stores energy b. describe how ATP stores energy ...
... organic molecule (carbon source). Be sure to include the product of ATP and its reactants. 6. Be able to identify the 3 parts of ATP. a. identify where the ATP stores energy b. describe how ATP stores energy ...
Respiration - Biology Innovation
... In aerobic respiration the electron transport chain turns NADH back into NAD with the aid of oxygen and thus recycles the NAD. With anaerobic respiration the shortage of oxygen in the cells means that they must find another way to convert NADH back into NAD, this process is called fermentation. Lact ...
... In aerobic respiration the electron transport chain turns NADH back into NAD with the aid of oxygen and thus recycles the NAD. With anaerobic respiration the shortage of oxygen in the cells means that they must find another way to convert NADH back into NAD, this process is called fermentation. Lact ...
Solution Worksheet Respiration
... Chemical reactions that involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are called oxidation reactions. Chemical reactions that result in the uptake of hydrogen and electrons are called reduction reactions. In general, the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules are oxidation reactions. ...
... Chemical reactions that involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are called oxidation reactions. Chemical reactions that result in the uptake of hydrogen and electrons are called reduction reactions. In general, the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules are oxidation reactions. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... energy hill. • What happens to the energy of the electrons as it falls down the electron transport chain? • The energy is used to pump H+ against their gradient which then come back through ATP synthase to generate ATP ...
... energy hill. • What happens to the energy of the electrons as it falls down the electron transport chain? • The energy is used to pump H+ against their gradient which then come back through ATP synthase to generate ATP ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HOW PLANTS MAKE THEIR
... The Krebs Cycle AKA CITRIC ACID • Oxidation reactions happen inside the Mitochondria to create electron transporters and ATP • Oxygen must be present! • 2 Acetyl CoA’s (pyruvate converted) now enters the Krebs cycle. • For each Acetyl CoA we get: • 1. cycle in the Krebs cycle to make: • 1 ATP, 3 NAD ...
... The Krebs Cycle AKA CITRIC ACID • Oxidation reactions happen inside the Mitochondria to create electron transporters and ATP • Oxygen must be present! • 2 Acetyl CoA’s (pyruvate converted) now enters the Krebs cycle. • For each Acetyl CoA we get: • 1. cycle in the Krebs cycle to make: • 1 ATP, 3 NAD ...
Respiration - College Heights Secondary
... B. Stages 1. energy investment phase a. glucose is phosphorylated by 2 ATP molecules 2. energy releasing phase a. glucose is split to form 4 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules. b. electrons captured by NAD+ to form NADH (to ETS) c. ATP is produced by substratelevel phosphorylation. ...
... B. Stages 1. energy investment phase a. glucose is phosphorylated by 2 ATP molecules 2. energy releasing phase a. glucose is split to form 4 ATP and 2 pyruvate molecules. b. electrons captured by NAD+ to form NADH (to ETS) c. ATP is produced by substratelevel phosphorylation. ...
Krebs Cycle - WordPress.com
... Chain transport releases the energy Electron your cells need to make the most of their ATP The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ...
... Chain transport releases the energy Electron your cells need to make the most of their ATP The molecules of electron transport chains are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ...
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle
... • Synthesis of fats, amino acids, nucleotides and complex biological molecules ...
... • Synthesis of fats, amino acids, nucleotides and complex biological molecules ...
The Theme of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Glycolysis and Cellular
... The main point of oxidative phosphorylation is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP production. Similarly, the main purpose of playing arcade games is to win tickets for prizes (okay, and also maybe to have fun and earn high scores in the games). NADH is more often the electron ...
... The main point of oxidative phosphorylation is the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to power ATP production. Similarly, the main purpose of playing arcade games is to win tickets for prizes (okay, and also maybe to have fun and earn high scores in the games). NADH is more often the electron ...
Puzzle - UBC Blogs
... 15 Crassulacean acid metabolism 16 spectrum of light waves by a particular pigment 18 time of day stomata are open in CAM plants 19 _____________ separation of fixation and Calvin cycle occurs in C4 plants 21 electron donor 22 conversion of light energy to chemical energy 23 pores that facilitate ga ...
... 15 Crassulacean acid metabolism 16 spectrum of light waves by a particular pigment 18 time of day stomata are open in CAM plants 19 _____________ separation of fixation and Calvin cycle occurs in C4 plants 21 electron donor 22 conversion of light energy to chemical energy 23 pores that facilitate ga ...
How Cell Harvest Energy
... 8. Briefly distinguish between the two methods of producing ATP in respiration: a. substrate-level phosphorylation _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. aerobic respiration _________________________________________ ...
... 8. Briefly distinguish between the two methods of producing ATP in respiration: a. substrate-level phosphorylation _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ b. aerobic respiration _________________________________________ ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration revision Factual revision sheet for
... From syllabus – Krebs cycle involves a series of …………………………… reactions and the release of carbon dioxide, leading to the production of ……………… and reduced coenzyme (NAD or ...
... From syllabus – Krebs cycle involves a series of …………………………… reactions and the release of carbon dioxide, leading to the production of ……………… and reduced coenzyme (NAD or ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.