Gut Bacteria Metabolism Impacts Immune Recovery in HIV
... Here, we determine whether gut microbiota contribute to inflammation and immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals, and, if they do, which molecular agents are implicated. The present investigation demonstrates an association between an optimal immunovirological ART response and the active fraction ...
... Here, we determine whether gut microbiota contribute to inflammation and immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals, and, if they do, which molecular agents are implicated. The present investigation demonstrates an association between an optimal immunovirological ART response and the active fraction ...
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... of humoral immune responses. These cells are located in the B-cell follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues where they trap and retain antigens (Ags) in the form of highly immunogenic immune complexes (ICs) consisting of Ag plus specific antibody (Ab) and/or complement proteins. FDCs multimerize Ags ...
... of humoral immune responses. These cells are located in the B-cell follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues where they trap and retain antigens (Ags) in the form of highly immunogenic immune complexes (ICs) consisting of Ag plus specific antibody (Ab) and/or complement proteins. FDCs multimerize Ags ...
Dendritic cells in progressive renal disease: some answers, many
... broad types of DCs, plasmacytoid DCs and classical DCs [1]. Plasmacytoid DCs function differently from other DC types, in that they are functionally specialized to sense foreign or altered nucleic acids and produce Type I interferons as well as presenting antigens. Classical DCs reside in secondary ...
... broad types of DCs, plasmacytoid DCs and classical DCs [1]. Plasmacytoid DCs function differently from other DC types, in that they are functionally specialized to sense foreign or altered nucleic acids and produce Type I interferons as well as presenting antigens. Classical DCs reside in secondary ...
Altitude, exercise and immune function
... sympathetic nerve with that of plasma IL-6 (r= 0.43; p = 0.004). Modified from activity) continued to Mazzeo et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 91:2143-2149, 2001. increase steadily during days at altitude peaking at days 4-6. As norepinephrine has a strong affinity for the α-adrenergic receptors, this is a ...
... sympathetic nerve with that of plasma IL-6 (r= 0.43; p = 0.004). Modified from activity) continued to Mazzeo et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 91:2143-2149, 2001. increase steadily during days at altitude peaking at days 4-6. As norepinephrine has a strong affinity for the α-adrenergic receptors, this is a ...
Neutrophil function in the healing wound: adding insult to injury?
... mice (6). Apart from these parameters of dermal healing, our study extended the findings of Simpson and Ross by investigating epithelial healing in the absence of neutrophils. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that neutrophil-depleted mice displayed significantly accelerated wound re-epithelialization ...
... mice (6). Apart from these parameters of dermal healing, our study extended the findings of Simpson and Ross by investigating epithelial healing in the absence of neutrophils. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that neutrophil-depleted mice displayed significantly accelerated wound re-epithelialization ...
Reproductive Immunology: Biomarkers of
... gens (3). Evidence to support this comes from studies of cell-mediated immunity which show certain trophoblast antigens (4) and some antitrophoblast antibodies (5) can modulate allogeneic recognition reactions. Although antitrophoblast antibodies have been identified in some normal and abnormal preg ...
... gens (3). Evidence to support this comes from studies of cell-mediated immunity which show certain trophoblast antigens (4) and some antitrophoblast antibodies (5) can modulate allogeneic recognition reactions. Although antitrophoblast antibodies have been identified in some normal and abnormal preg ...
Part III, Endotoxin Test Concerns of Biologics
... served to “break tolerance to self”. Researchers have shown both in vitro and in vivo that synergistically IIRMI’s are active at lower levels than when present alone31: This synergistic effect was then confirmed in vivo, as studies showed that the combination of 10 ng of LPS and 500 ng of CpG ODN, w ...
... served to “break tolerance to self”. Researchers have shown both in vitro and in vivo that synergistically IIRMI’s are active at lower levels than when present alone31: This synergistic effect was then confirmed in vivo, as studies showed that the combination of 10 ng of LPS and 500 ng of CpG ODN, w ...
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... glycolysis [19]. Thus, it is plausible that extracellular acidosis plays a role in the regulation of inflammatory processes by modulating the functions of innate immune cells [12]. In this context, acidic extracellular pH (6.5) selectively stimulated the secretion of mature IL-1β from human monocyte ...
... glycolysis [19]. Thus, it is plausible that extracellular acidosis plays a role in the regulation of inflammatory processes by modulating the functions of innate immune cells [12]. In this context, acidic extracellular pH (6.5) selectively stimulated the secretion of mature IL-1β from human monocyte ...
2011 RSV - Emory Department of Pediatrics
... • Single strand RNA virus: Paramyxoviridae family, 10 genes encoding 11 proteins • 2 surface glycoproteins – Surface glycoprotein (G): mediates attachment to the host cells – Fusion protein (F): promotes aggregation of mutinucleated cells through fusion of their plasma membranes ...
... • Single strand RNA virus: Paramyxoviridae family, 10 genes encoding 11 proteins • 2 surface glycoproteins – Surface glycoprotein (G): mediates attachment to the host cells – Fusion protein (F): promotes aggregation of mutinucleated cells through fusion of their plasma membranes ...
Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and
... and detoxification activities. However, we now know that the healthy liver is also a site of complex immunological activity mediated by a diverse immune cell repertoire as well as non-hematopoietic cell populations. In the nondiseased liver, metabolic and tissue remodeling functions require elements ...
... and detoxification activities. However, we now know that the healthy liver is also a site of complex immunological activity mediated by a diverse immune cell repertoire as well as non-hematopoietic cell populations. In the nondiseased liver, metabolic and tissue remodeling functions require elements ...
Decision-making critical amino acids: role in designing peptide
... Apart from the cytokines, other factors may also selectively control the development of Th1 and Th2 cells. It has been reported that p–MHC interactions also specifically influence the differentiation of naı̈ve CD4 T cell to either Th1 or Th2 cells (Kumar et al. 1995). Nevertheless, there is a strong ...
... Apart from the cytokines, other factors may also selectively control the development of Th1 and Th2 cells. It has been reported that p–MHC interactions also specifically influence the differentiation of naı̈ve CD4 T cell to either Th1 or Th2 cells (Kumar et al. 1995). Nevertheless, there is a strong ...
Survival strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of
... The contribution of VlsE antigenic variation to evasion of host antibody responses and subsequent persistence has been difficult to discern, primarily as a result of (a) immunodominance of a conserved region and (b) limitations of in vitro analyses. Demonstration of decreased antigenicity comparing ...
... The contribution of VlsE antigenic variation to evasion of host antibody responses and subsequent persistence has been difficult to discern, primarily as a result of (a) immunodominance of a conserved region and (b) limitations of in vitro analyses. Demonstration of decreased antigenicity comparing ...
Software Modeling of the Complement System and its role in
... However, the liability to the specificity of adaptive immune response is that only a few B cells and T cells in the body recognize any one foreign epitope. These few cells then must rapidly multiply in order to produce enough cells to stage a defensive attack against that particular epitope which us ...
... However, the liability to the specificity of adaptive immune response is that only a few B cells and T cells in the body recognize any one foreign epitope. These few cells then must rapidly multiply in order to produce enough cells to stage a defensive attack against that particular epitope which us ...
Full Text - Statistics
... Introduction In chronic periapical lesion, we run into immune reactions against bacteria causing infection and destruction in tooth pulp. In some cases, these responses can destroy the periapical tissues rather than protecting them ...
... Introduction In chronic periapical lesion, we run into immune reactions against bacteria causing infection and destruction in tooth pulp. In some cases, these responses can destroy the periapical tissues rather than protecting them ...
HTLV-1, Immune Response and Autoimmunity
... transcription factor, has also been reported to be altered in patients infected with HTLV-1. FOXP3 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation, function, and homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Irregularities in the expression of FOXP3 may lead to loss of immune tolerance and ...
... transcription factor, has also been reported to be altered in patients infected with HTLV-1. FOXP3 is an essential transcription factor for the differentiation, function, and homeostasis of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Irregularities in the expression of FOXP3 may lead to loss of immune tolerance and ...
Here - European Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Society
... the category “immunology, microbiology and virology”. All this is meant to emphasize that immunology is very close to our hearts. Needless to say that many of us have had a strong and long-standing interest in macrophages and dendritic cells. This year´s EMDS meeting focusses on the interaction of m ...
... the category “immunology, microbiology and virology”. All this is meant to emphasize that immunology is very close to our hearts. Needless to say that many of us have had a strong and long-standing interest in macrophages and dendritic cells. This year´s EMDS meeting focusses on the interaction of m ...
Chapter 1 - Research Explorer
... express a Th2 profile. In addition, the Th1/Th2 balance in periodontitis has been investigated and currently periodontitis is considered as a Th2-type disease. We hypothesized that the Th2 pattern in periodontitis may be accentuated by smoking, accelerating disease progression and relapse in treate ...
... express a Th2 profile. In addition, the Th1/Th2 balance in periodontitis has been investigated and currently periodontitis is considered as a Th2-type disease. We hypothesized that the Th2 pattern in periodontitis may be accentuated by smoking, accelerating disease progression and relapse in treate ...
Immunology Program Graduates
... Thesis Advisor: Dr. Per Basse Induction of antitumor responses via adoptively transferred, cytokine-gene transduced A-NK cells Jared Knickelbein, Ph.D., 2008 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Robert Hendricks Noncytotoxic lytic granule-mediated maintenance of HSV-1 neuronal latency ...
... Thesis Advisor: Dr. Per Basse Induction of antitumor responses via adoptively transferred, cytokine-gene transduced A-NK cells Jared Knickelbein, Ph.D., 2008 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Robert Hendricks Noncytotoxic lytic granule-mediated maintenance of HSV-1 neuronal latency ...
Functional capacities of human IgM memory B cells in early
... frequently derive from GC reactions (23), the developmental and immunological characteristics of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells are debated and only poorly understood. The presence of few and lowly mutated IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells in cord blood (24, 25), as well as in patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome w ...
... frequently derive from GC reactions (23), the developmental and immunological characteristics of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells are debated and only poorly understood. The presence of few and lowly mutated IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells in cord blood (24, 25), as well as in patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome w ...
Hemocompatibility of medical devices, blood products
... The complement cascade (figure was adaped from Rutkowski et al. (2010)) [4]. The classical pathway is activated by the Fc portion of immunoglobulins bound to antigen, apoptotic cells, Gram-negative bacteria, and viruses. The C1 complex, made up of C1q, C1r, and C1s subunits, initiates the downstream ...
... The complement cascade (figure was adaped from Rutkowski et al. (2010)) [4]. The classical pathway is activated by the Fc portion of immunoglobulins bound to antigen, apoptotic cells, Gram-negative bacteria, and viruses. The C1 complex, made up of C1q, C1r, and C1s subunits, initiates the downstream ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.