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The Role of Complement in Tumor Growth Chapter 11
... metastasis, evading adaptive immunity, and reducing the response to therapeutic agents. The main features of cancer-related inflammation include infiltration of white blood cells, predominantly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Colott ...
... metastasis, evading adaptive immunity, and reducing the response to therapeutic agents. The main features of cancer-related inflammation include infiltration of white blood cells, predominantly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Colott ...
VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay NSCLC Brochure
... VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay scoring approach – NSCLC NSCLC tissue stained with the VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay will be scored using a stepwise approach according to the criteria outlined in Table 1. TC are scored as the proportion of viable tumor cells showing PD-L1 membrane staining of any intensi ...
... VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay scoring approach – NSCLC NSCLC tissue stained with the VENTANA PD-L1 (SP142) Assay will be scored using a stepwise approach according to the criteria outlined in Table 1. TC are scored as the proportion of viable tumor cells showing PD-L1 membrane staining of any intensi ...
iiiiiiiiii - Cancer Research
... clumping in the absence of agglutinins. "Milky" sera are also useless, since they sometimes give rise to haemolysis masking any agglutination which may have taken place. The use of the author's tissue culture table (8) greatly facilitates the performance of these tests. All the highly immunised rat ...
... clumping in the absence of agglutinins. "Milky" sera are also useless, since they sometimes give rise to haemolysis masking any agglutination which may have taken place. The use of the author's tissue culture table (8) greatly facilitates the performance of these tests. All the highly immunised rat ...
Chitin, Chitinases and Chitinase
... after cellulose, consist exoskeleton of lower organisms such as fungi, crustaceans and insects except mammals. Recently, several studies evaluated immunologic effects of chitin in vivo and in vitro and revealed new aspects of chitin regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been sho ...
... after cellulose, consist exoskeleton of lower organisms such as fungi, crustaceans and insects except mammals. Recently, several studies evaluated immunologic effects of chitin in vivo and in vitro and revealed new aspects of chitin regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been sho ...
Brucella melitensis with Immune Response upon Secondary
... studies of the primary immune response against Brucella, because, as shown in other infectious models (23–29), primary and secondary immune responses frequently implicate different classes of effectors. Live vaccines are widely accepted to be superior to inactivated vaccines for protection against b ...
... studies of the primary immune response against Brucella, because, as shown in other infectious models (23–29), primary and secondary immune responses frequently implicate different classes of effectors. Live vaccines are widely accepted to be superior to inactivated vaccines for protection against b ...
R E V I E W S
... Box 1 | Insights into the molecular basis of granule-mediated cell death The most important recent findings in terms of the physiological function of the granuleexocytosis pathway are listed below. • Perforin and granzymes induce target-cell apoptosis cooperatively. Granzymes are necessary for trigg ...
... Box 1 | Insights into the molecular basis of granule-mediated cell death The most important recent findings in terms of the physiological function of the granuleexocytosis pathway are listed below. • Perforin and granzymes induce target-cell apoptosis cooperatively. Granzymes are necessary for trigg ...
Anti-Aging Benefits of Bovine Colostrum
... the human body, and cancer only truly manifests when a weakened immune system allows the cancerous cells to multiply out of control, spread and destroy other healthy tissues. The current treatment of choice for many cancers, chemotherapy, compromises the body’s natural immune function, thereby creat ...
... the human body, and cancer only truly manifests when a weakened immune system allows the cancerous cells to multiply out of control, spread and destroy other healthy tissues. The current treatment of choice for many cancers, chemotherapy, compromises the body’s natural immune function, thereby creat ...
Matching Questions - Sinoe Medical Association
... A) are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus B) act by increasing the rate of cell division C) interfere with viral replication within cells D) are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold Answer: C Diff: ...
... A) are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus B) act by increasing the rate of cell division C) interfere with viral replication within cells D) are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold Answer: C Diff: ...
Uchanska-Ziegler, B., Loll, B., Fabian, H., Hee, CS, Saenger, W
... The possible consequences of carrying only MHC class I genes exhibiting a very low degree of polymorphism can be seen in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). The population of this carnivorous marsupial has declined by more than 50% due to the spread of a highly contagious clonal malignancy, ...
... The possible consequences of carrying only MHC class I genes exhibiting a very low degree of polymorphism can be seen in the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). The population of this carnivorous marsupial has declined by more than 50% due to the spread of a highly contagious clonal malignancy, ...
β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR MODULATION OF MACROPHAGE
... Importantly, the bioactive component in these preparations was identified by Otto von Furth as “suprarenin,” which later became known as epinephrine – an important catecholamine of the nervous system [18, 45, 62]. Taken together, these early papers provided the necessary groundwork to encourage the ...
... Importantly, the bioactive component in these preparations was identified by Otto von Furth as “suprarenin,” which later became known as epinephrine – an important catecholamine of the nervous system [18, 45, 62]. Taken together, these early papers provided the necessary groundwork to encourage the ...
evolutionary causes and consequences of
... the tissues, as would be appropriate if TNF-α were released in a localized site of infection. Systemic release, however, causes shock—decreased blood volume and multiorgan failure. Mice deficient in TNF-α readily survive a level of sepsis that would kill a normal mouse but succumb to minor bacterial ...
... the tissues, as would be appropriate if TNF-α were released in a localized site of infection. Systemic release, however, causes shock—decreased blood volume and multiorgan failure. Mice deficient in TNF-α readily survive a level of sepsis that would kill a normal mouse but succumb to minor bacterial ...
Expression of CD1d in human scalp skin and hair follicles: hair cycle
... Conclusions: These results suggest that CD1d plays a role in human scalp skin immunology and protection against lipid antigen rich infectious microbes. They also raise the question of whether keratinocytes of the immunoprivileged anagen hair follicle can present lipid antigens to natural killer T ce ...
... Conclusions: These results suggest that CD1d plays a role in human scalp skin immunology and protection against lipid antigen rich infectious microbes. They also raise the question of whether keratinocytes of the immunoprivileged anagen hair follicle can present lipid antigens to natural killer T ce ...
Inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells: New targets for therapy?
... The prototype immune inhibitory receptor (either an IgSR or C-type lectin) can be identified by a consensus amino acid sequence, the ITIM, which is present in the cytoplasmic domain of these receptors. The ITIM sequence is composed of 6 amino acids (Ile/Val/Leu/Ser)-XTyr-X-X-(Leu/Val), where X repres ...
... The prototype immune inhibitory receptor (either an IgSR or C-type lectin) can be identified by a consensus amino acid sequence, the ITIM, which is present in the cytoplasmic domain of these receptors. The ITIM sequence is composed of 6 amino acids (Ile/Val/Leu/Ser)-XTyr-X-X-(Leu/Val), where X repres ...
Disruption of Dendritic Cell Instruction Virus and Its Avirulent Vaccine
... infection with VZV and V-Oka. Moreover, inflammatory DCs, which play a crucial role in the stimulation of Th1 immune responses, accumulated in herpes zoster lesions. Infection of inflammatory DCs generated in vitro with virulent VZV or V-Oka resulted in upregulation of CD1c. Upon coculture with CD1c ...
... infection with VZV and V-Oka. Moreover, inflammatory DCs, which play a crucial role in the stimulation of Th1 immune responses, accumulated in herpes zoster lesions. Infection of inflammatory DCs generated in vitro with virulent VZV or V-Oka resulted in upregulation of CD1c. Upon coculture with CD1c ...
thesis - KI Open Archive
... Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic cells of the innate immune system. They have been found to be critical in the defense against infections and also against some tumors. Recent studies have shown that NK cells require signals from accessory cells to induce their recruitment and activation at th ...
... Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic cells of the innate immune system. They have been found to be critical in the defense against infections and also against some tumors. Recent studies have shown that NK cells require signals from accessory cells to induce their recruitment and activation at th ...
Immunology and Serology
... response to viral infection. The virally infected cell produces interferon for a few hours, even for a day, and it will excrete and used by other cells. When these cells become infected with the same or unrelated virus, the interferons cause the cells to produce molecules that prevent replication of ...
... response to viral infection. The virally infected cell produces interferon for a few hours, even for a day, and it will excrete and used by other cells. When these cells become infected with the same or unrelated virus, the interferons cause the cells to produce molecules that prevent replication of ...
Bone transplantation and immune response
... marrow. Memory-B and -T cells migrate back into the bone marrow. The interaction between immune cells and bone is classified as osteoimmunology.3 Major histocompatibility complex Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region important for the immune system and a key mediator for allogen ...
... marrow. Memory-B and -T cells migrate back into the bone marrow. The interaction between immune cells and bone is classified as osteoimmunology.3 Major histocompatibility complex Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region important for the immune system and a key mediator for allogen ...
Giuliana Magri Characterization of natural killer cell response to human cytomegalovirus
... innate and adaptive immunity that are highly connected and reciprocally regulated. The adaptive immunity is required to provide long-lasting specific immunity and is mediated by T and B lymphocytes, while the innate immune system is the first line of defence against pathogens. From a phylogenetic st ...
... innate and adaptive immunity that are highly connected and reciprocally regulated. The adaptive immunity is required to provide long-lasting specific immunity and is mediated by T and B lymphocytes, while the innate immune system is the first line of defence against pathogens. From a phylogenetic st ...
Pregnancy enhances the innate immune response in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis through
... Also, a few anecdotal observations in humans indicated that women infected subclinically with Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum developed overt disease during gestation [9, 10]. This evidence suggests that pregnancy may increase the risk of developing leishmaniasis; however, there are no ep ...
... Also, a few anecdotal observations in humans indicated that women infected subclinically with Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum developed overt disease during gestation [9, 10]. This evidence suggests that pregnancy may increase the risk of developing leishmaniasis; however, there are no ep ...
Immune system
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neutrophil_with_anthrax_copy.jpg?width=300)
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.