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The autoimmunity of primary biliary cirrhosis and the clonal
... normally there is tolerance to these, even if there are responses to bacterial homologs, which are phylogenetically distant from human proteins. During spontaneous or induced apoptosis, numerous— perhaps all—cell types express mitochondrial antigens on the intact plasma membrane and within apoptotic ...
... normally there is tolerance to these, even if there are responses to bacterial homologs, which are phylogenetically distant from human proteins. During spontaneous or induced apoptosis, numerous— perhaps all—cell types express mitochondrial antigens on the intact plasma membrane and within apoptotic ...
Specific Control of Immunity by Regulatory CD8 T Cells
... responded to a peptide of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL), whereas in wild-type Vβb mice a response to the same peptide could not be detected. Peptide-specific T cell responsiveness was revealed in wild-type (Vβb) mice when they were treated in vivo with anti-CD8 antibody (47). It is clear that CD8 Tre ...
... responded to a peptide of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL), whereas in wild-type Vβb mice a response to the same peptide could not be detected. Peptide-specific T cell responsiveness was revealed in wild-type (Vβb) mice when they were treated in vivo with anti-CD8 antibody (47). It is clear that CD8 Tre ...
In vitro and in vivo model of a novel immunotherapy
... and perforin/granzyme-B release12 upon binding with the antigen expressed by tumor cells in a non-MHC-restricted manner, thus avoiding an important mechanism of tumor immune escape represented by the down-regulation of MHC molecules by tumor cells.6 Adoptive transfer of CAR-transduced T lymphocytes ...
... and perforin/granzyme-B release12 upon binding with the antigen expressed by tumor cells in a non-MHC-restricted manner, thus avoiding an important mechanism of tumor immune escape represented by the down-regulation of MHC molecules by tumor cells.6 Adoptive transfer of CAR-transduced T lymphocytes ...
MHC Chpt. 7
... – Its products play role in discriminating self/non-self – Participant in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity ...
... – Its products play role in discriminating self/non-self – Participant in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity ...
Aloe Vera and the Human Immune System
... benefitto its performance.The specialimponanceof Aloe is that its immune-active effectshavebeenclearlyshownto be of functionalbenefit. Next, it is clear,ffid well known, that the body's fight agairst tumoursis alsomediated throughthe immunesptenl which hasan ability to kill andremovetumotr cells. Th ...
... benefitto its performance.The specialimponanceof Aloe is that its immune-active effectshavebeenclearlyshownto be of functionalbenefit. Next, it is clear,ffid well known, that the body's fight agairst tumoursis alsomediated throughthe immunesptenl which hasan ability to kill andremovetumotr cells. Th ...
Reprint - Immune Tolerance Network
... model of autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune pancreatitis, we have observed complete protection against islet destruction using islet antigen-specific Tregs, whereas autoimmune attack of the surrounding exocrine pancreas progressed without hindrance (Meagher et al. 2008). In the transplant setting, t ...
... model of autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune pancreatitis, we have observed complete protection against islet destruction using islet antigen-specific Tregs, whereas autoimmune attack of the surrounding exocrine pancreas progressed without hindrance (Meagher et al. 2008). In the transplant setting, t ...
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
... obvious involvement in eliminating microbes, complement participates in such diverse processes as synapse maturation, clearance of immune complexes, angiogenesis, mobilization of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs), tissue regeneration and lipid metabolism. This versatility becomes less surp ...
... obvious involvement in eliminating microbes, complement participates in such diverse processes as synapse maturation, clearance of immune complexes, angiogenesis, mobilization of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs), tissue regeneration and lipid metabolism. This versatility becomes less surp ...
Helicobacter pylori vaccines and mechanisms of effective
... Gastric infection with helicobacters naturally produces an ineffective Th1 inflammatory response,20,21 so it came as no surprise that Th2 cells were found to be associated with protection. However, evidence is accumulating that questions this role for Th2 immunity. Immunizations on IL-4-deficient mi ...
... Gastric infection with helicobacters naturally produces an ineffective Th1 inflammatory response,20,21 so it came as no surprise that Th2 cells were found to be associated with protection. However, evidence is accumulating that questions this role for Th2 immunity. Immunizations on IL-4-deficient mi ...
Cytokine responses in metal-induced allergic contact in Jacob Taku Minang
... Innate immunity refers to antigen non-specific defense mechanisms that a host uses immediately or within several hours after exposure to an antigen. This is the immunity one is born with and is the initial response by which the body eliminates microbes and prevents infection. Innate immune responses ...
... Innate immunity refers to antigen non-specific defense mechanisms that a host uses immediately or within several hours after exposure to an antigen. This is the immunity one is born with and is the initial response by which the body eliminates microbes and prevents infection. Innate immune responses ...
Toward an Inclusive, Congruent, and Precise Definition of
... autoimmunity and/or uncontrolled hyperinflammation in addition to autoinflammation (Table 1) (14–19). The IL-1-driven diseases activate adaptive immunity by differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward a Th17 response. For example, in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), there is ...
... autoimmunity and/or uncontrolled hyperinflammation in addition to autoinflammation (Table 1) (14–19). The IL-1-driven diseases activate adaptive immunity by differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward a Th17 response. For example, in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), there is ...
CD8 -Mediated Survival and Differentiation of CD8 Memory T Cell
... with the possibility that the capacity to reinduce CD8␣␣ was selected specifically during the primary response. The LCMVspecific primary activated CD8␣␣⫹ T cells also displayed enhanced expression of IL7R␣ (also called CD127) and IL-15R (Fig. 2B), which are typically up-regulated on memory CD8 T ce ...
... with the possibility that the capacity to reinduce CD8␣␣ was selected specifically during the primary response. The LCMVspecific primary activated CD8␣␣⫹ T cells also displayed enhanced expression of IL7R␣ (also called CD127) and IL-15R (Fig. 2B), which are typically up-regulated on memory CD8 T ce ...
The vitamin D receptor and T cell function
... to the study performed by Cantorna using iNKT cells from VDRKO mice, Bruce et al. found no change in IFN-γ production in the cultured conventional VDR-KO T cells. Taking this into consideration and the fact that Th17 cells are more readily induced in the VDR-KO mice, it is likely that the increased ...
... to the study performed by Cantorna using iNKT cells from VDRKO mice, Bruce et al. found no change in IFN-γ production in the cultured conventional VDR-KO T cells. Taking this into consideration and the fact that Th17 cells are more readily induced in the VDR-KO mice, it is likely that the increased ...
Induction of IgA Circulating Immune Complexes after
... mechanism by which wheat induces the skin and gut disease is unknown. Previous studies in our laboratories demonstrated the presence of IgA circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of patients with DH [7,8]. This has been confirmed by Hall et a] [9] and a prevalence of approximately 30% is acc ...
... mechanism by which wheat induces the skin and gut disease is unknown. Previous studies in our laboratories demonstrated the presence of IgA circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the sera of patients with DH [7,8]. This has been confirmed by Hall et a] [9] and a prevalence of approximately 30% is acc ...
Reviews EVects of exercise on lymphocytes and cytokines
... the immune system is characterised by concomitant impairment of the cellular immune system and increased inflammation. Thus low concentrations of lymphocytes, suppressed natural immunity, suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, and suppressed levels of secretory IgA in saliva are found simultaneously w ...
... the immune system is characterised by concomitant impairment of the cellular immune system and increased inflammation. Thus low concentrations of lymphocytes, suppressed natural immunity, suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, and suppressed levels of secretory IgA in saliva are found simultaneously w ...
Basophils: new players in the cytokine network
... initially described in a model of allograft rejection, but was demonstrated later during anti-parasitic or mitogenic responses [4, 8, 9]. It resulted from a small subset of bone marrow cells originally named histamine-producing cells that have since been characterized as basophils [10]. Immunologist ...
... initially described in a model of allograft rejection, but was demonstrated later during anti-parasitic or mitogenic responses [4, 8, 9]. It resulted from a small subset of bone marrow cells originally named histamine-producing cells that have since been characterized as basophils [10]. Immunologist ...
Lewis -Containing Oligosaccharide Attenuates Schistosome Egg
... eggs, which is accompanied by induction of a variety of host immune reactions [1]. Importantly, SEA induces a predominant Th-2 type immune responses in murine as well as human schistosomal infection [2–5]. SEA are highly glycosylated [6, 7], and the glycoprotein fractions of SEA appear to be immunog ...
... eggs, which is accompanied by induction of a variety of host immune reactions [1]. Importantly, SEA induces a predominant Th-2 type immune responses in murine as well as human schistosomal infection [2–5]. SEA are highly glycosylated [6, 7], and the glycoprotein fractions of SEA appear to be immunog ...
Probiotics Applications in Autoimmune Diseases
... Diagnosing autoimmune diseases can be particularly difficult, because these disorders can affect any organ or tissue in the body and produce a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Many early symptoms of these disorders — such as fatigue, joint and muscle pain, fever or weight change — are nonspecific ...
... Diagnosing autoimmune diseases can be particularly difficult, because these disorders can affect any organ or tissue in the body and produce a wide variety of signs and symptoms. Many early symptoms of these disorders — such as fatigue, joint and muscle pain, fever or weight change — are nonspecific ...
Introduction to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
... The complete human immune system can also be considered as a division between cellular and humoral classifications. As with the distinctions between the innate and acquired categories, those between the cellular and humoral systems are sometimes blurred by overlapping functions. Cellular immunity re ...
... The complete human immune system can also be considered as a division between cellular and humoral classifications. As with the distinctions between the innate and acquired categories, those between the cellular and humoral systems are sometimes blurred by overlapping functions. Cellular immunity re ...
STACHYS OCYMASTRUM RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY Research Article
... outside the body (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) or from within (malignant and autoreactive cells). It comprises two functional divisions that work together in a coordinated manner [1]. The innate immune system consists of cellular components, soluble factors, physical barriers and the reticuloen ...
... outside the body (bacteria, viruses, and parasites) or from within (malignant and autoreactive cells). It comprises two functional divisions that work together in a coordinated manner [1]. The innate immune system consists of cellular components, soluble factors, physical barriers and the reticuloen ...
The Adaptive Immune System
... Adaptive immune responses are carried out by white blood cells called lymphocytes. There are two broad classes of such responses—antibody responses and T-cell-mediated immune responses—and different classes of lymphocytes, called B cells and T cells, respectively, carry them out. In antibody respons ...
... Adaptive immune responses are carried out by white blood cells called lymphocytes. There are two broad classes of such responses—antibody responses and T-cell-mediated immune responses—and different classes of lymphocytes, called B cells and T cells, respectively, carry them out. In antibody respons ...
Immune system
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neutrophil_with_anthrax_copy.jpg?width=300)
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.