Fundamentals of cancer metabolism
... provide a selective advantage during tumorigenesis. Most of the classical examples of reprogrammed activities either support cell survival under stressful conditions or allow cells to grow and proliferate at pathologically elevated levels. Three of these—altered bioenergetics, enhanced biosynthesis, ...
... provide a selective advantage during tumorigenesis. Most of the classical examples of reprogrammed activities either support cell survival under stressful conditions or allow cells to grow and proliferate at pathologically elevated levels. Three of these—altered bioenergetics, enhanced biosynthesis, ...
Molecular and functional characterization of the immunoreceptors CD300d and CD300f
... The immune system is a network of cells, and organs that work together to defend the body against exogenous attacks coming from bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and not microbial substance like allergens, irritants and toxic compounds among others. In simple terms, immune system can be organized ...
... The immune system is a network of cells, and organs that work together to defend the body against exogenous attacks coming from bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and not microbial substance like allergens, irritants and toxic compounds among others. In simple terms, immune system can be organized ...
Hemolin development and its effect on malaria parasites
... that this explosive escalation of research into innate immunity will reduce uncertainty concerning adaptive immunity in invertebrates, but first the definition of adaptive immunity must be clarified. If adaptive immunity is described as the presence of B-cell and T-cell clonal selection and antibody ...
... that this explosive escalation of research into innate immunity will reduce uncertainty concerning adaptive immunity in invertebrates, but first the definition of adaptive immunity must be clarified. If adaptive immunity is described as the presence of B-cell and T-cell clonal selection and antibody ...
The role of B cells in bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis
... both systems. In RA, the immune disturbance results in abnormal bone remodeling leading to bone loss. It is becoming clear that immune cells influence bone remodeling and vice versa. The interaction between immune progenitor cells and bone cells is facilitated by their proximity in the bone marrow, ...
... both systems. In RA, the immune disturbance results in abnormal bone remodeling leading to bone loss. It is becoming clear that immune cells influence bone remodeling and vice versa. The interaction between immune progenitor cells and bone cells is facilitated by their proximity in the bone marrow, ...
O MHC - Fernando Pessoa University
... Slices through MHC class II molecules, when viewed from above reveal shallow, poorly conserved pockets compared with those in MHC class I molecules ...
... Slices through MHC class II molecules, when viewed from above reveal shallow, poorly conserved pockets compared with those in MHC class I molecules ...
The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Analogue FTY720 Reduces
... Objective—The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) analogue FTY720 is a potent immunosuppressive agent currently in Phase III clinical trials for kidney transplantation. FTY720 traps lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs thereby preventing their migration to inflammatory sites. Previously, we have ident ...
... Objective—The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) analogue FTY720 is a potent immunosuppressive agent currently in Phase III clinical trials for kidney transplantation. FTY720 traps lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs thereby preventing their migration to inflammatory sites. Previously, we have ident ...
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
... Immunologic characteristics of ICL The decrease in CD4 cell counts of patients with ICL is slow or even absent for a long period. Unlike HIV patients, patients with ICL do not show an increase in CD8 cells. ICL patients have higher proportion of activated (HLADR) CD4, but not CD8 T cells. The studie ...
... Immunologic characteristics of ICL The decrease in CD4 cell counts of patients with ICL is slow or even absent for a long period. Unlike HIV patients, patients with ICL do not show an increase in CD8 cells. ICL patients have higher proportion of activated (HLADR) CD4, but not CD8 T cells. The studie ...
Thymus-Therapie in Practice
... humoral systems to combat micro-organisms, parasites and viruses. The ability to do this is particularly important in the removal of cells that have degenerated within the body and become “foreign”. The first cancer cells to develop should be destroyed by the immune response. A sufficient number of ...
... humoral systems to combat micro-organisms, parasites and viruses. The ability to do this is particularly important in the removal of cells that have degenerated within the body and become “foreign”. The first cancer cells to develop should be destroyed by the immune response. A sufficient number of ...
Cell-Free Synthesis Meets Antibody Production: A Review
... the activity of the cell lysate during storage and the translation reaction itself and secondly, the lack of compartments with appropriate redox conditions as they are present in living cells (periplasmic space in prokaryotes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaroytes) [53]. Depending on the source o ...
... the activity of the cell lysate during storage and the translation reaction itself and secondly, the lack of compartments with appropriate redox conditions as they are present in living cells (periplasmic space in prokaryotes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaroytes) [53]. Depending on the source o ...
Review of existing experimental methods for assessing the outcome
... used interchangeably, the Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council defines food supplements (FS) as ‘‘the foodstuffs for which the purpose is to supplement the normal diet and that are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological ...
... used interchangeably, the Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council defines food supplements (FS) as ‘‘the foodstuffs for which the purpose is to supplement the normal diet and that are concentrated sources of nutrients or other substances with a nutritional or physiological ...
Cell-Free Synthesis Meets Antibody Production: A Review
... the activity of the cell lysate during storage and the translation reaction itself and secondly, the lack of compartments with appropriate redox conditions as they are present in living cells (periplasmic space in prokaryotes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaroytes) [53]. Depending on the source o ...
... the activity of the cell lysate during storage and the translation reaction itself and secondly, the lack of compartments with appropriate redox conditions as they are present in living cells (periplasmic space in prokaryotes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaroytes) [53]. Depending on the source o ...
Hepatitis B virus: from immunobiology to
... of CD4 + T-cell failure might be critical for a successful immunotherapy. Thus further understanding of the mechanisms behind CD4 + T-cell failure in chronic HBV is crucial [52]. The role of classical FoxP3 + CD4 + Treg (regulatory T-cells) in chronic HBV is elusive. Treg can suppress HBV-specific T ...
... of CD4 + T-cell failure might be critical for a successful immunotherapy. Thus further understanding of the mechanisms behind CD4 + T-cell failure in chronic HBV is crucial [52]. The role of classical FoxP3 + CD4 + Treg (regulatory T-cells) in chronic HBV is elusive. Treg can suppress HBV-specific T ...
Candida Infections: An Update on Host Immune Defenses and Anti
... attributable to the immunosuppression caused by HIV-AIDS, cancer, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and long-term antibiotic use. Invasive fungal infections are coming under the spotlight because of their unacceptably high mortality rates and because more than 90% of all the fungal-related deaths r ...
... attributable to the immunosuppression caused by HIV-AIDS, cancer, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and long-term antibiotic use. Invasive fungal infections are coming under the spotlight because of their unacceptably high mortality rates and because more than 90% of all the fungal-related deaths r ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute,... University, Stockholm, Sweden
... There are two different types of TB in humans in general: pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Pulmonary TB is the most common form of TB that develops in the lungs. Manifestations of disease varied significantly from young children to adolescence to adults. Apparently, young children do not show classica ...
... There are two different types of TB in humans in general: pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Pulmonary TB is the most common form of TB that develops in the lungs. Manifestations of disease varied significantly from young children to adolescence to adults. Apparently, young children do not show classica ...
Epitope Specificity of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies
... in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, a disease with a chronic and inflammatory nature. These antibodies do not appear to have any strict dependency for reactivity except from the presence of the non-genetically encoded amino acid citrulline, which is the result of a posttranslational modi ...
... in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, a disease with a chronic and inflammatory nature. These antibodies do not appear to have any strict dependency for reactivity except from the presence of the non-genetically encoded amino acid citrulline, which is the result of a posttranslational modi ...
mRNA Expression and BRAF Mutation in
... Direct RT-PCR analysis of blood permits detection of transcriptome of CTCs. To date, characterization of CTCs for abnormalities in genotypic and mRNA expression has not been well studied in melanoma patients. This situation is due in part to the difficulty of isolating CTCs with monoclonal antibodie ...
... Direct RT-PCR analysis of blood permits detection of transcriptome of CTCs. To date, characterization of CTCs for abnormalities in genotypic and mRNA expression has not been well studied in melanoma patients. This situation is due in part to the difficulty of isolating CTCs with monoclonal antibodie ...
Hypertensive anterior uveitis
... – Quantitative CMV-DNA PCR testing was performed using an AccuPower CMV Quantitative PCR Kit (Bioneer, Daejun, Republic of Korea). – For HSV PCR, the HSV 1/2 PCR Kit (Bio-Core, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was used. ...
... – Quantitative CMV-DNA PCR testing was performed using an AccuPower CMV Quantitative PCR Kit (Bioneer, Daejun, Republic of Korea). – For HSV PCR, the HSV 1/2 PCR Kit (Bio-Core, Seoul, Republic of Korea) was used. ...
Paroxysmal Murine Hemoglobinuria (?): A Model for Human PNH
... cascade. Complement activation can be triggered by an antigenantibody reaction or, through the alternative pathway, by the flimsiest of excuses: if CD59 is lacking this ends up in a large number of RBCs being destroyed. However, there are of course two important differences between PNH and other hem ...
... cascade. Complement activation can be triggered by an antigenantibody reaction or, through the alternative pathway, by the flimsiest of excuses: if CD59 is lacking this ends up in a large number of RBCs being destroyed. However, there are of course two important differences between PNH and other hem ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.