Paroxysmal Murine Hemoglobinuria (?): A Model for Human PNH
... cascade. Complement activation can be triggered by an antigenantibody reaction or, through the alternative pathway, by the flimsiest of excuses: if CD59 is lacking this ends up in a large number of RBCs being destroyed. However, there are of course two important differences between PNH and other hem ...
... cascade. Complement activation can be triggered by an antigenantibody reaction or, through the alternative pathway, by the flimsiest of excuses: if CD59 is lacking this ends up in a large number of RBCs being destroyed. However, there are of course two important differences between PNH and other hem ...
Mastitis, Mammary Gland Immunity, and Nutrition
... membranes and attack fatty acids, producing fatty acid radicals. These fatty acid radicals can react with other fatty acids and produce a chain reaction. ...
... membranes and attack fatty acids, producing fatty acid radicals. These fatty acid radicals can react with other fatty acids and produce a chain reaction. ...
Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against
... In the developed world, diarrhoeal diseases account for significant morbidity whereas in the developing world, where sanitation systems are often sub-optimal, it is associated with high levels of mortality [1], especially in children under 5 years of age who are most at risk at contracting and succum ...
... In the developed world, diarrhoeal diseases account for significant morbidity whereas in the developing world, where sanitation systems are often sub-optimal, it is associated with high levels of mortality [1], especially in children under 5 years of age who are most at risk at contracting and succum ...
Defining the molecular basis for the first potent and selective
... and demonstrated the role of FFA2 in inhibition of lipolysis and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in murine-derived 3T3-L1 and STC-1 cell lines, respectively. Together, these findings describe the first potent and selective FFA2 orthosteric agonists and demonstrate key aspects of ligand interaction ...
... and demonstrated the role of FFA2 in inhibition of lipolysis and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in murine-derived 3T3-L1 and STC-1 cell lines, respectively. Together, these findings describe the first potent and selective FFA2 orthosteric agonists and demonstrate key aspects of ligand interaction ...
PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non–Small Cell Lung
... to cancer outcomes, it is not surprising that cancer cells have developed the ability to evade immune recognition and elimination. This is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including the modulation of immune checkpoint pathways.22-24 Immune checkpoints are inhibitory pathways built into the immune sy ...
... to cancer outcomes, it is not surprising that cancer cells have developed the ability to evade immune recognition and elimination. This is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including the modulation of immune checkpoint pathways.22-24 Immune checkpoints are inhibitory pathways built into the immune sy ...
Murine Effector Cells Crosstalk between Human IgG Isotypes and
... Analysis of mFcgR binding demonstrated that hIgG1 and hIgG3 bound to all four mFcgRs, with hIgG3 having the highest affinity. hIgG1 nevertheless was more potent than hIgG3 in inducing Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and Abdependent cellular phagocytosis with mouse NK cells, mouse polymorph ...
... Analysis of mFcgR binding demonstrated that hIgG1 and hIgG3 bound to all four mFcgRs, with hIgG3 having the highest affinity. hIgG1 nevertheless was more potent than hIgG3 in inducing Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and Abdependent cellular phagocytosis with mouse NK cells, mouse polymorph ...
Immunohistology Pre-treatment for formalin-fixed
... For immunohistochemistry this cross-linking is a big disadvantage because the modified protein structure makes it impossible for almost all antibodies to bind to their epitope (the specific area of the protein were the antibody binds). This effect is referred to as “antigen masking”. Protease digest ...
... For immunohistochemistry this cross-linking is a big disadvantage because the modified protein structure makes it impossible for almost all antibodies to bind to their epitope (the specific area of the protein were the antibody binds). This effect is referred to as “antigen masking”. Protease digest ...
Primary B-Cell Deficiencies Reveal a Link between Human IL
... autocrine role in their differentiation and maintenance [4]. Several co-stimulatory molecules have also been shown to play roles in both Th17 induction and/or survival as well as in B-cell differentiation into plasma and memory B cells, namely ICOS and CD40L [17,18,19,20,21,22]. T-cell help is known ...
... autocrine role in their differentiation and maintenance [4]. Several co-stimulatory molecules have also been shown to play roles in both Th17 induction and/or survival as well as in B-cell differentiation into plasma and memory B cells, namely ICOS and CD40L [17,18,19,20,21,22]. T-cell help is known ...
Autoimmune Hepatitis
... Prednisone and azathioprine regimens have not been compared directly and there is no objective basis for preferring one to the other. ...
... Prednisone and azathioprine regimens have not been compared directly and there is no objective basis for preferring one to the other. ...
Lung cancer-initiating cells: a novel target for cancer therapy
... expression ranging from 0.02 % to 35 % [12]. Cells expressing CD133 have been described as having a self-renewal capacity, cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo, enhanced expression of stemness-related markers (Oct-4 and Nanog), and greater tumorigenicity [12]. However, CD133 is likely not a uni ...
... expression ranging from 0.02 % to 35 % [12]. Cells expressing CD133 have been described as having a self-renewal capacity, cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo, enhanced expression of stemness-related markers (Oct-4 and Nanog), and greater tumorigenicity [12]. However, CD133 is likely not a uni ...
Positive and negative regulation of Natural Killer cells: Therapeutic
... responses, primarily through the production of IL-12 by the DCs which has been shown to stimulate both NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-␥ production [15,16]. NK cell stimulation by DCs in mice is generally thought to occur through type I interferons (IFNs) for cytotoxity and IL-2 [17] or IL-15 and IL-12 ...
... responses, primarily through the production of IL-12 by the DCs which has been shown to stimulate both NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-␥ production [15,16]. NK cell stimulation by DCs in mice is generally thought to occur through type I interferons (IFNs) for cytotoxity and IL-2 [17] or IL-15 and IL-12 ...
Evasion of COPD in smokers: at what price? PERSPECTIVE Manuel G. Cosio*
... predispose to an uncontrolled adaptive immune reaction with severe lung damage and COPD. Another population of T-cells with immunoregulatory properties are the CD8+ cdT-cells and are increased in smokers with normal lung function but not in smokers with COPD [22]. These findings point toward impaire ...
... predispose to an uncontrolled adaptive immune reaction with severe lung damage and COPD. Another population of T-cells with immunoregulatory properties are the CD8+ cdT-cells and are increased in smokers with normal lung function but not in smokers with COPD [22]. These findings point toward impaire ...
Programação detalhada
... are the first cells to differentiate from the embryo, and ultimately form the fetal component of the placenta. Trophoblast cells are the only cells derived from the blastocyst that are in direct contact with maternal blood, and therefore play an essential role in protecting the fetus from attack fro ...
... are the first cells to differentiate from the embryo, and ultimately form the fetal component of the placenta. Trophoblast cells are the only cells derived from the blastocyst that are in direct contact with maternal blood, and therefore play an essential role in protecting the fetus from attack fro ...
VacA`s Induction of VacA-Containing Vacuoles (VCVs) and Their
... toxicity, namely variations in the signal sequence (s1a-c, s2), the intermediate region (i1, i2), and the mid-region (m1, m2) [8]. From early on, varying disease probabilities have been linked to the different s and m regions of VacA. Thus, most effective immune regulatory effects and an association ...
... toxicity, namely variations in the signal sequence (s1a-c, s2), the intermediate region (i1, i2), and the mid-region (m1, m2) [8]. From early on, varying disease probabilities have been linked to the different s and m regions of VacA. Thus, most effective immune regulatory effects and an association ...
Tissue specific HPV expression and downregulation of local
... Objective: To study the eVect of tissue specific human papillomavirus (HPV) expression and its eVect on local immunity in condylomas from HIV positive individuals. Methods: Biopsy specimens of eight penile and eight perianal condylomas from HIV seropositive individuals were analysed. Expression of v ...
... Objective: To study the eVect of tissue specific human papillomavirus (HPV) expression and its eVect on local immunity in condylomas from HIV positive individuals. Methods: Biopsy specimens of eight penile and eight perianal condylomas from HIV seropositive individuals were analysed. Expression of v ...
A Review on Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Monoterpenes
... the increased movement of plasma and innate immune system cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, from the blood into the injured tissues. Chronic inflammation concerns a progressive change in the type of cells present at the site of the inflammatory reaction and is characterized by simultaneous ...
... the increased movement of plasma and innate immune system cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, from the blood into the injured tissues. Chronic inflammation concerns a progressive change in the type of cells present at the site of the inflammatory reaction and is characterized by simultaneous ...
I , Apr. 2005, p. 2012–2019 Vol. 73, No. 4 ⫹0 doi:10.1128/IAI.73.4.2012–2019.2005
... contribute to microbial virulence by protecting microbial cells from oxidative attack during infection. However, there is also evidence from various systems that melanins have immunomodulatory properties, which conceivably could contribute to virulence by altering immune responses. To investigate th ...
... contribute to microbial virulence by protecting microbial cells from oxidative attack during infection. However, there is also evidence from various systems that melanins have immunomodulatory properties, which conceivably could contribute to virulence by altering immune responses. To investigate th ...
The immune responses of the coral
... attention has been devoted to study the mechanisms by which corals recognize a threat and orchestrate an immune response to an insult. The fact that we do not fully understand how the immune system of corals works, undermines our capacity to comprehend the real causes and consequences of coral dise ...
... attention has been devoted to study the mechanisms by which corals recognize a threat and orchestrate an immune response to an insult. The fact that we do not fully understand how the immune system of corals works, undermines our capacity to comprehend the real causes and consequences of coral dise ...
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and
... honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses, and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes. ...
... honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses, and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes. ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.