PI3K and negative regulation of TLR signaling
... although its induction occurs only through TLR4 [11,12]. These findings thus present potential new molecular mechanisms for tolerance in innate immune responses. Studies on the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in innate immunity have also raised a possible safety system to control the magn ...
... although its induction occurs only through TLR4 [11,12]. These findings thus present potential new molecular mechanisms for tolerance in innate immune responses. Studies on the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) in innate immunity have also raised a possible safety system to control the magn ...
Cellular and humoral immune responses to poliovirus in mice: a role
... room temperature with occasional shaking. Excess fluid was removed and wells were covered with an agarose overlay containing MEM supplemented with serum and antibiotics. After 3 clays incubation at 35 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2, the overlay was flicked off and the cell monolayer staine ...
... room temperature with occasional shaking. Excess fluid was removed and wells were covered with an agarose overlay containing MEM supplemented with serum and antibiotics. After 3 clays incubation at 35 °C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2, the overlay was flicked off and the cell monolayer staine ...
Atlantic salmon type I interferons: Protection against virus infection in
... combating the diseases, vaccines have been developed. In Norway, traditional vaccines based on inactivated virus are available against IPN, PD and ISA, but do not appear to give adequate protection. IPN and vaccine based on recombinant VP2 is the only commercial available subunit vaccine in Norway t ...
... combating the diseases, vaccines have been developed. In Norway, traditional vaccines based on inactivated virus are available against IPN, PD and ISA, but do not appear to give adequate protection. IPN and vaccine based on recombinant VP2 is the only commercial available subunit vaccine in Norway t ...
Mapping a Dynamic Innate Immunity Protein Interaction Network
... was a ligand-dependent reduction of >4-fold. To insure reproducibility, the BNT ratios in each replicate experiment had to meet the >5 or <0.25 standard to be classified as a dynamic interaction. In total, 65 inducible (16%) and 19 repressive (5%) interactions were identified (Figures 2A and S2). Fo ...
... was a ligand-dependent reduction of >4-fold. To insure reproducibility, the BNT ratios in each replicate experiment had to meet the >5 or <0.25 standard to be classified as a dynamic interaction. In total, 65 inducible (16%) and 19 repressive (5%) interactions were identified (Figures 2A and S2). Fo ...
Reciprocal modulation between TH17 and other helper T cell lineages
... The differentiation of naı̈ve CD4þ T cells into linages with distinct effector functions has been considered to be an irreversible event. T helper type 1 (TH1) cells stably express interferon (IFN)-g, whereas TH2 cells express IL-4 (Dong, 2008). The more recently defined TH17 cells, follicular helpe ...
... The differentiation of naı̈ve CD4þ T cells into linages with distinct effector functions has been considered to be an irreversible event. T helper type 1 (TH1) cells stably express interferon (IFN)-g, whereas TH2 cells express IL-4 (Dong, 2008). The more recently defined TH17 cells, follicular helpe ...
Inflammation response in AD - UvA-DARE
... and finally into plaques. This accumulation of Aβ is neurotoxic and results in functional loss of the Aβ peptide. The different Aβ aggregates have a different rate of toxicity. For a long time it was thought that the insoluble fibrils and plaques were most toxic, but recently it became clear that th ...
... and finally into plaques. This accumulation of Aβ is neurotoxic and results in functional loss of the Aβ peptide. The different Aβ aggregates have a different rate of toxicity. For a long time it was thought that the insoluble fibrils and plaques were most toxic, but recently it became clear that th ...
Non-immune Hemolysis_ Diagnostic Considerations
... coexistence of genetic modifiers (membrane defects, thalassemia, G-6-PI deficiency, PK deficiency). Most variants lead to episodes of acute hemolysis during an oxidative stress without chronic hemolysis. Class I G-6-PD deficiency, frequent in the Mediterranean region and in Middle East including Israel, ...
... coexistence of genetic modifiers (membrane defects, thalassemia, G-6-PI deficiency, PK deficiency). Most variants lead to episodes of acute hemolysis during an oxidative stress without chronic hemolysis. Class I G-6-PD deficiency, frequent in the Mediterranean region and in Middle East including Israel, ...
poster - Natural Killer Cell Symposium
... of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, [email protected] ...
... of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, [email protected] ...
Single-Dose Studies
... 2) PCSK9 → “The Bad Guy” – An enzyme that binds to hepatic LDL receptors – 1) accelerates their degradation – 2) DECREASES LDL cholesterol intake into liver cells (liver cannot bind and remove LDL cholesterol) – 3) INCREASES LDL cholesterol levels ...
... 2) PCSK9 → “The Bad Guy” – An enzyme that binds to hepatic LDL receptors – 1) accelerates their degradation – 2) DECREASES LDL cholesterol intake into liver cells (liver cannot bind and remove LDL cholesterol) – 3) INCREASES LDL cholesterol levels ...
Polyclonal Antibody Production Guidelines Introduction Since the
... combining approximately equal volumes of adjuvant and aqueous antigen solution in such a way that the oil becomes the continuous phase. If properly mixed, the antigen will be distributed over a large surface area, which increases the potential for interaction with relevant antigen presenting cells i ...
... combining approximately equal volumes of adjuvant and aqueous antigen solution in such a way that the oil becomes the continuous phase. If properly mixed, the antigen will be distributed over a large surface area, which increases the potential for interaction with relevant antigen presenting cells i ...
Exosomes: secreted vesicles and intercellular
... mycobacteria strain, bear antigens and promote immune responses (nonpathogenic strain), or inhibit macrophage activation and cytokine secretion, thus dampening immune response (pathogenic strain). Although exosomes secreted by tumor cells carry antigens from the secreting tumors and can be captured ...
... mycobacteria strain, bear antigens and promote immune responses (nonpathogenic strain), or inhibit macrophage activation and cytokine secretion, thus dampening immune response (pathogenic strain). Although exosomes secreted by tumor cells carry antigens from the secreting tumors and can be captured ...
Recent progress in vaccines
... include the lack of good quality vaccine formulations and the absence of mass market appeal, with the latter being complicated by the high cost of clinical investigations. However, this situation is rapidly changing by increasing medical need and the attention of both investigators and industry repr ...
... include the lack of good quality vaccine formulations and the absence of mass market appeal, with the latter being complicated by the high cost of clinical investigations. However, this situation is rapidly changing by increasing medical need and the attention of both investigators and industry repr ...
Inflammation, Immune Activation, and HIV
... and goes into action, including migration and activation of various types of white blood cells (leukocytes) and release of chemical messengers known as cytokines. ...
... and goes into action, including migration and activation of various types of white blood cells (leukocytes) and release of chemical messengers known as cytokines. ...
Capacity of Epstein–Barr virus to infect monocytes and inhibit their
... established from EBV-seronegative, but not -seropositive, individuals (Subklewe et al., 2001; Bickham et al., 2003). These findings support a critical role for DCs in the induction of primary T-cell anti-virus responses. Whilst other human herpesviruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simp ...
... established from EBV-seronegative, but not -seropositive, individuals (Subklewe et al., 2001; Bickham et al., 2003). These findings support a critical role for DCs in the induction of primary T-cell anti-virus responses. Whilst other human herpesviruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simp ...
Recruitment of regulatory T cells is correlated with hypoxia
... infiltrate on histology, which is suggestive of an antitumour immune response [17], they are associated with a more aggressive clinical course characterised by shorter survival and a higher risk of metastasis [17]. We hypothesize that this is due, in part, to suppression of the immune response by Tr ...
... infiltrate on histology, which is suggestive of an antitumour immune response [17], they are associated with a more aggressive clinical course characterised by shorter survival and a higher risk of metastasis [17]. We hypothesize that this is due, in part, to suppression of the immune response by Tr ...
Investigations on immune sensing of Staphylococcus aureus in
... MDSC recruitment also reduced the degree of ear swelling. These findings provide an explanation for why and how certain bacteria are able to colonize on our skin without inducing an immune response. In addition, to clarify a putative role of PGN in inducing allergies, ovalbumin-expressing staphyloco ...
... MDSC recruitment also reduced the degree of ear swelling. These findings provide an explanation for why and how certain bacteria are able to colonize on our skin without inducing an immune response. In addition, to clarify a putative role of PGN in inducing allergies, ovalbumin-expressing staphyloco ...
Infection Leishmania major Immunity Against JNK1 Is Required for T
... activation of the innate immune system that renders them susceptible to infection, a subject which had not been addressed in our previous analysis. Because IL-12 produced by activated APCs has been shown to be required to establish Th1-mediated immune responses against infections with L. major (14, ...
... activation of the innate immune system that renders them susceptible to infection, a subject which had not been addressed in our previous analysis. Because IL-12 produced by activated APCs has been shown to be required to establish Th1-mediated immune responses against infections with L. major (14, ...
Immune Response and Possible Causes of CD4 T
... stage of HIV infection, levels of the virus in the plasma are the result of a dynamic equilibrium between the production of HIV and its clearance by the immune system. In this continuous turnover of the virus population, about 50% of the circulating virus is suggested to be replaced with newly produ ...
... stage of HIV infection, levels of the virus in the plasma are the result of a dynamic equilibrium between the production of HIV and its clearance by the immune system. In this continuous turnover of the virus population, about 50% of the circulating virus is suggested to be replaced with newly produ ...
Type 1 Diabetes
... autoimmune diseases such as lupus, arthritis and multiple sclerosis, the immune system turns against a body part. There can be evidence of this allergic reaction found in the blood. The allergic reaction is against the cells in the pancreas (islet cells) that make insulin. Most Anglo and about half ...
... autoimmune diseases such as lupus, arthritis and multiple sclerosis, the immune system turns against a body part. There can be evidence of this allergic reaction found in the blood. The allergic reaction is against the cells in the pancreas (islet cells) that make insulin. Most Anglo and about half ...
PDF - Theranostics
... Biological cancer therapies, such as oncolytic, or replication-selective viruses have advantages over traditional therapeutics as they can employ multiple different mechanisms to target and destroy cancers (including direct cell lysis, immune activation and vascular collapse). This has led to their ...
... Biological cancer therapies, such as oncolytic, or replication-selective viruses have advantages over traditional therapeutics as they can employ multiple different mechanisms to target and destroy cancers (including direct cell lysis, immune activation and vascular collapse). This has led to their ...
μMACS™ Epitope Tag Protein Isolation Kits
... Product applications Reagent and instrument requirements ...
... Product applications Reagent and instrument requirements ...
Lecture Title: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY ( 1
... Lymphocyte Circulation Recognition of antigen by lymphocytes subpopulation 2 mechanisms to maximize the efficiency of the specific arm ...
... Lymphocyte Circulation Recognition of antigen by lymphocytes subpopulation 2 mechanisms to maximize the efficiency of the specific arm ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.