Neuroendocrineimmune crosstalk in vertebrates and invertebrates
... receptors located on the oyster’s circulating immune cells, the hemocytes (Lacoste et al. 2001b), resulting in a decline in cellular immune responses (e.g. Lacoste et al. 2001a) and an increase in mortality after a standard bacterial challenge (Lacoste et al. 2001c). In insects such as the flying ort ...
... receptors located on the oyster’s circulating immune cells, the hemocytes (Lacoste et al. 2001b), resulting in a decline in cellular immune responses (e.g. Lacoste et al. 2001a) and an increase in mortality after a standard bacterial challenge (Lacoste et al. 2001c). In insects such as the flying ort ...
WAPT - Wits University
... learnt in its entirety and the exam questions will be based on this chapter. Please note that this book is an outstanding reference and can be used for much of the rest of the course, although it is in far greater detail than will be required for the exam. To access the book ‘Molecular Biology o ...
... learnt in its entirety and the exam questions will be based on this chapter. Please note that this book is an outstanding reference and can be used for much of the rest of the course, although it is in far greater detail than will be required for the exam. To access the book ‘Molecular Biology o ...
Preclinical models of acute and chronic graft-versus
... GVHD,58 which later motivated a trial showing that CD28:CD80/86 co-stimulation blockade with abatacept leads to low GVHD rates.59 The opponent of CTLA4-Ig, the CTLA-4 blocking antibody ipilimumab was recently applied in the posttransplant setting for patients with refractory malignancies and did not ...
... GVHD,58 which later motivated a trial showing that CD28:CD80/86 co-stimulation blockade with abatacept leads to low GVHD rates.59 The opponent of CTLA4-Ig, the CTLA-4 blocking antibody ipilimumab was recently applied in the posttransplant setting for patients with refractory malignancies and did not ...
Effects of supplementation with tocotrienol-rich fraction on
... on animal and human immune systems. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation on immune response following tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine challenge in healthy female volunteers. Subjects/Methods: In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled c ...
... on animal and human immune systems. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation on immune response following tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine challenge in healthy female volunteers. Subjects/Methods: In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled c ...
St. Baldrick`s Foundation funds new treatments in pediatric oncology
... to predict how patients will fare following a donor stem cell transplant. Analysis of the data showed ...
... to predict how patients will fare following a donor stem cell transplant. Analysis of the data showed ...
Recent advances in IL
... after partial hepatectomy and repair from alcohol-induced damage (52,53). In vitro assays have shown that IL-22 treatment of keratinocytes quickens repair after wounding (22). Thus, IL-22 has many roles in aiding tissue repair. Concluding remarks Many outstanding questions regarding IL-22 and inflam ...
... after partial hepatectomy and repair from alcohol-induced damage (52,53). In vitro assays have shown that IL-22 treatment of keratinocytes quickens repair after wounding (22). Thus, IL-22 has many roles in aiding tissue repair. Concluding remarks Many outstanding questions regarding IL-22 and inflam ...
Allergies ADVANCES Quercetin - Rosemary - Perilla -
... well, avoidance is not always a possibility. While most of us rejoice once spring has arrived, for seasonal allergy sufferers, the powdery grains released from trees and grasses can wreak havoc on their immune system. Pollens from trees and grasses that are carried by the wind to pollinate other pla ...
... well, avoidance is not always a possibility. While most of us rejoice once spring has arrived, for seasonal allergy sufferers, the powdery grains released from trees and grasses can wreak havoc on their immune system. Pollens from trees and grasses that are carried by the wind to pollinate other pla ...
HTLV-1, Immune Response and Autoimmunity
... the behavior of CD4+ T cells on infection and alters their cytokine production. A previous study showed that in patients infected with HTLV-1, the activity of regulatory CD4+ T cells and their consequent expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are altered. In this review, we discu ...
... the behavior of CD4+ T cells on infection and alters their cytokine production. A previous study showed that in patients infected with HTLV-1, the activity of regulatory CD4+ T cells and their consequent expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are altered. In this review, we discu ...
Chapter 14: Blood
... 6. A person with type A blood has anti-B antibody in their plasma. 7. A person with type B blood has anti-A antibody in their plasma. 8. A person with type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their plasma. 9. A person with type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their ...
... 6. A person with type A blood has anti-B antibody in their plasma. 7. A person with type B blood has anti-A antibody in their plasma. 8. A person with type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their plasma. 9. A person with type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their ...
II. Blood Cells
... 6. A person with type A blood has anti-B antibody in their plasma. 7. A person with type B blood has anti-A antibody in their plasma. 8. A person with type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their plasma. 9. A person with type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their ...
... 6. A person with type A blood has anti-B antibody in their plasma. 7. A person with type B blood has anti-A antibody in their plasma. 8. A person with type AB blood has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in their plasma. 9. A person with type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their ...
Epicor - Doctor`s Best Vitamins
... The human studies on EpiCor® taken together with the animal and other experimental studies strongly indicate it has beneficial immune balancing effects. The healthy immune system is normally in a delicate balance between over-activation and under-activation. Epicor®’s rare capacity to both down-regu ...
... The human studies on EpiCor® taken together with the animal and other experimental studies strongly indicate it has beneficial immune balancing effects. The healthy immune system is normally in a delicate balance between over-activation and under-activation. Epicor®’s rare capacity to both down-regu ...
lymphatic system
... H Adaptive (Specific) Defenses or Immunity The body’s third line of defense, immunity, refers to the response mounted by the body against specific, recognized foreign molecules. ...
... H Adaptive (Specific) Defenses or Immunity The body’s third line of defense, immunity, refers to the response mounted by the body against specific, recognized foreign molecules. ...
lymphatic system
... H Adaptive (Specific) Defenses or Immunity The body’s third line of defense, immunity, refers to the response mounted by the body against specific, recognized foreign molecules. ...
... H Adaptive (Specific) Defenses or Immunity The body’s third line of defense, immunity, refers to the response mounted by the body against specific, recognized foreign molecules. ...
R E V I E W S
... granzymes in viral immunity has emerged only in the past few years, with the finding that mice that lack both granzyme A and the ‘granzyme B cluster’ are as susceptible as perforin-deficient animals to ectromelia virus19. Most of the important progress with granzyme-deficient mice and viral infectio ...
... granzymes in viral immunity has emerged only in the past few years, with the finding that mice that lack both granzyme A and the ‘granzyme B cluster’ are as susceptible as perforin-deficient animals to ectromelia virus19. Most of the important progress with granzyme-deficient mice and viral infectio ...
Red blood cells
... Exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens generally occurs during delivery, when bleeding takes place at the placenta and uterus. Such mixing of fetal and maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies, leading to ...
... Exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens generally occurs during delivery, when bleeding takes place at the placenta and uterus. Such mixing of fetal and maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies, leading to ...
Artificial Immune Systems
... pathogen if it is encountered again. The adaptive and innate arms of the immune system interact to provide the body with a comprehensive defence mechanism against pathogens. All immune cells, and the majority of other cells of the body, possess protein molecules on their surface that act as receptor ...
... pathogen if it is encountered again. The adaptive and innate arms of the immune system interact to provide the body with a comprehensive defence mechanism against pathogens. All immune cells, and the majority of other cells of the body, possess protein molecules on their surface that act as receptor ...
Immune Senescence A Role for Immature Myeloid Cells in
... lymphoid organs (13). This nonspecific suppression of immune responsiveness was mediated through an NO-dependent mechanism and directly correlated with the magnitude of infection (12, 14). An abnormal accumulation of immune suppressive immature myeloid cells in peripheral secondary lymphoid organs h ...
... lymphoid organs (13). This nonspecific suppression of immune responsiveness was mediated through an NO-dependent mechanism and directly correlated with the magnitude of infection (12, 14). An abnormal accumulation of immune suppressive immature myeloid cells in peripheral secondary lymphoid organs h ...
and Function by Progesterone TLR4
... Given the paramount importance of DCs in linking, as well as driving, the innate and adaptive immune response and the welldocumented ability of progesterone to modulate immune activity, there have been surprisingly few studies investigating how progesterone specifically modulates DC maturation and f ...
... Given the paramount importance of DCs in linking, as well as driving, the innate and adaptive immune response and the welldocumented ability of progesterone to modulate immune activity, there have been surprisingly few studies investigating how progesterone specifically modulates DC maturation and f ...
Lung inflammatory responses
... and debris in the area, but also release enzymes that damage the tissues, chemokines that attract other cells of the immune system, and cytokines which further increase the inflammation present in the area. All of these events diminish the ability of the lungs to exchange gases, making them life thr ...
... and debris in the area, but also release enzymes that damage the tissues, chemokines that attract other cells of the immune system, and cytokines which further increase the inflammation present in the area. All of these events diminish the ability of the lungs to exchange gases, making them life thr ...
Control of Cryptosporidiosis by Probiotic Bacteria
... immunity, there is a clear evidence that resistance to C. parvum infection can be mediated by non-specific mechanisms associated with the presence of intestinal flora. In other words, colonization of the intestine by Cryptosporidium depends on the intestinal microflora because newborn or adult germ- ...
... immunity, there is a clear evidence that resistance to C. parvum infection can be mediated by non-specific mechanisms associated with the presence of intestinal flora. In other words, colonization of the intestine by Cryptosporidium depends on the intestinal microflora because newborn or adult germ- ...
The dynamics of T cells during persistent Staphylococcus aureus
... growth during the acute phase of S. aureus infection. To determine their relevance for bacterial containment during the persistent phase, we depleted neutrophils in S. aureus-infected mice at day 28 p.i. by injecting anti-RB6 antibodies. The efficiency of neutrophil (90%) and macrophage (95%) depl ...
... growth during the acute phase of S. aureus infection. To determine their relevance for bacterial containment during the persistent phase, we depleted neutrophils in S. aureus-infected mice at day 28 p.i. by injecting anti-RB6 antibodies. The efficiency of neutrophil (90%) and macrophage (95%) depl ...
Morphological Assessment of Lymph Nodes
... Examination of the environment in the immediate vicinity of neoplastic tissue has clearly indicated that lymphoid cells infiltrate the tumor in large numbers. It has been found that T cells predominate in the infiltrates in primary tumors and this pattern was evident regardless of anatomic site or t ...
... Examination of the environment in the immediate vicinity of neoplastic tissue has clearly indicated that lymphoid cells infiltrate the tumor in large numbers. It has been found that T cells predominate in the infiltrates in primary tumors and this pattern was evident regardless of anatomic site or t ...
A New Mouse Model That Spontaneously Develops Chronic Liver
... and display specificity for glycolipids presented by CD1d, with the prototype antigen being αGalCer. Type II NKT cells resemble type I NKT cells in their restriction to CD1d, but use a diverse set of TCR and have a less well-defined range of antigen specificities. NKT cells are highly enriched in th ...
... and display specificity for glycolipids presented by CD1d, with the prototype antigen being αGalCer. Type II NKT cells resemble type I NKT cells in their restriction to CD1d, but use a diverse set of TCR and have a less well-defined range of antigen specificities. NKT cells are highly enriched in th ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.