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Reprint - Immune Tolerance Network
... the engagement of their T-cell receptors locally at the site of antigen deposition. In a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune pancreatitis, we have observed complete protection against islet destruction using islet antigen-specific Tregs, whereas autoimmune attack of the surrounding exo ...
... the engagement of their T-cell receptors locally at the site of antigen deposition. In a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes and autoimmune pancreatitis, we have observed complete protection against islet destruction using islet antigen-specific Tregs, whereas autoimmune attack of the surrounding exo ...
Induction of IgA Circulating Immune Complexes after
... remove C3 receptor activity released into the spent media [12). Raji patients noted worsening of disease during the 24-hr test period, cells, 2xlO", in 25 !Jl of RPMI-1640, were reacted with 25 III of a 1:4 but it was impossible to separate this from the recent flare in dilution of the serum to be t ...
... remove C3 receptor activity released into the spent media [12). Raji patients noted worsening of disease during the 24-hr test period, cells, 2xlO", in 25 !Jl of RPMI-1640, were reacted with 25 III of a 1:4 but it was impossible to separate this from the recent flare in dilution of the serum to be t ...
T Cell Receptor (TCR)
... 1. TCR functions to recognize Ag peptides presented by MHC complexes => Ag peptide specificity => MHC restriction 2. Two classes of MHC molecules. - Class-I MHC => peptides from cytosolic (intracellular) proteins => CD8 T cells - Class-II MHC => peptides from extracellular (exogenous) proteins from ...
... 1. TCR functions to recognize Ag peptides presented by MHC complexes => Ag peptide specificity => MHC restriction 2. Two classes of MHC molecules. - Class-I MHC => peptides from cytosolic (intracellular) proteins => CD8 T cells - Class-II MHC => peptides from extracellular (exogenous) proteins from ...
CD4+ T-Cell-Independent Secondary Immune Responses to
... Pneumocystis infection upon adoptive transfer into Rag1(−/−) mice (3). As such, CD4+ T-cells have been a primary focus in the study of host defense against this pathogen. However, it has also been shown that adoptive transfer of hyperimmune serum mediates effective passive immunity to Pneumocystis i ...
... Pneumocystis infection upon adoptive transfer into Rag1(−/−) mice (3). As such, CD4+ T-cells have been a primary focus in the study of host defense against this pathogen. However, it has also been shown that adoptive transfer of hyperimmune serum mediates effective passive immunity to Pneumocystis i ...
4/5/99
... C. Rationale and Potential benefits: These results provide firm evidence that HIV-1 can induce a strong CD4-positive T helper cell response directed against the relatively conserved p24 core protein. In some persons strong responses to the envelope protein gp160 are also generated. Precisely how som ...
... C. Rationale and Potential benefits: These results provide firm evidence that HIV-1 can induce a strong CD4-positive T helper cell response directed against the relatively conserved p24 core protein. In some persons strong responses to the envelope protein gp160 are also generated. Precisely how som ...
Inhibitory receptors on myeloid cells: New targets for therapy?
... 3. Inhibitory signaling: mechanism The prototype immune inhibitory receptor (either an IgSR or C-type lectin) can be identified by a consensus amino acid sequence, the ITIM, which is present in the cytoplasmic domain of these receptors. The ITIM sequence is composed of 6 amino acids (Ile/Val/Leu/Ser) ...
... 3. Inhibitory signaling: mechanism The prototype immune inhibitory receptor (either an IgSR or C-type lectin) can be identified by a consensus amino acid sequence, the ITIM, which is present in the cytoplasmic domain of these receptors. The ITIM sequence is composed of 6 amino acids (Ile/Val/Leu/Ser) ...
Blackcurrant phenolic extract induces hemeoxygenase
... Studies suggest a correlation with healthy lung function and fruit consumption (2, 3). Fruits are high in various polyphenolic compounds and there is evidence developing that such compounds may have immune modulatory actions which are additional to antioxidant properties. Our recent findings suggest ...
... Studies suggest a correlation with healthy lung function and fruit consumption (2, 3). Fruits are high in various polyphenolic compounds and there is evidence developing that such compounds may have immune modulatory actions which are additional to antioxidant properties. Our recent findings suggest ...
Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against
... mainly focus on detecting viral antigen-specific antibodies in the sera of suspected patients. Generally, the antibody response often develops on 10–14 days following SARS-CoV infection [3], so that the diagnosis based on a viral-specific Ab would miss a good time point for antiviral therapy effectivel ...
... mainly focus on detecting viral antigen-specific antibodies in the sera of suspected patients. Generally, the antibody response often develops on 10–14 days following SARS-CoV infection [3], so that the diagnosis based on a viral-specific Ab would miss a good time point for antiviral therapy effectivel ...
Passive or Active Immunization with Myelin Basic Protein Promotes
... the rats. Multislice echo imaging was performed with nine axial slices, with the central slice positioned at the center of the spinal injury. Images were obtained with an echo time of 31 msec, a repetition time of 2000 msec, a diff usion time of 15 msec, a diff usion gradient duration of 3 msec, a f ...
... the rats. Multislice echo imaging was performed with nine axial slices, with the central slice positioned at the center of the spinal injury. Images were obtained with an echo time of 31 msec, a repetition time of 2000 msec, a diff usion time of 15 msec, a diff usion gradient duration of 3 msec, a f ...
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Alzheimer`s Disease
... converting enzyme (TACE, also known as ADAM-17) mediates release of TNF from the cell surface (45), but is involved in processing several cellmembrane-associated proteins, including TNF receptors, which are released by its action to produce soluble forms that can neutralize the actions of TNF (46). ...
... converting enzyme (TACE, also known as ADAM-17) mediates release of TNF from the cell surface (45), but is involved in processing several cellmembrane-associated proteins, including TNF receptors, which are released by its action to produce soluble forms that can neutralize the actions of TNF (46). ...
The Adaptive Immune System
... on such innate immune responses as a first line of defense (discussed in Chapter 24), but they can also mount much more sophisticated defenses, called adaptive immune responses. In vertebrates, the innate responses call the adaptive immune responses into play, and both work together to eliminate the ...
... on such innate immune responses as a first line of defense (discussed in Chapter 24), but they can also mount much more sophisticated defenses, called adaptive immune responses. In vertebrates, the innate responses call the adaptive immune responses into play, and both work together to eliminate the ...
Thesis final for publication-us-18-7-12 2 - eDiss - Georg
... 1.4.1 Structural proteins....................................................................................4 1.4.2 Accessory proteins...................................................................................4 1.5 Replication cycle of HIV-1.................................................. ...
... 1.4.1 Structural proteins....................................................................................4 1.4.2 Accessory proteins...................................................................................4 1.5 Replication cycle of HIV-1.................................................. ...
Lymphoid follicles in (very) severe COPD: beneficial or harmful? REVIEW
... confirmed by animal studies showing the necessity of both these cells for the induction of experimental emphysema by cigarette smoke (CS) [6, 7]. It later became clear that the specific immune system also plays a role; in particular CD8 positive T-lymphocytes were associated with smoking and subsequ ...
... confirmed by animal studies showing the necessity of both these cells for the induction of experimental emphysema by cigarette smoke (CS) [6, 7]. It later became clear that the specific immune system also plays a role; in particular CD8 positive T-lymphocytes were associated with smoking and subsequ ...
Toll-like receptors in innate immunity
... and T lymphocytes utilize antigen receptors such as immunoglobulins and T cell receptors to recognize non-self. The mechanisms by which these antigen receptors recognize foreign antigens have been intensively analyzed, and the major mechanisms, such as diversity, clonality and memory, have been well ...
... and T lymphocytes utilize antigen receptors such as immunoglobulins and T cell receptors to recognize non-self. The mechanisms by which these antigen receptors recognize foreign antigens have been intensively analyzed, and the major mechanisms, such as diversity, clonality and memory, have been well ...
An intestinal commensal symbiosis factor controls
... experimental colitis by inducing IL-10+Foxp3+ Tregs20. Notably, PSA also suppresses CNS inflammation during murine EAE, operational through IL-10 and CD103+ DCs21. The precise signal by which PSA imparts on the adaptive immune cells, particularly the CD4+ T cells, to prevent disease progression rema ...
... experimental colitis by inducing IL-10+Foxp3+ Tregs20. Notably, PSA also suppresses CNS inflammation during murine EAE, operational through IL-10 and CD103+ DCs21. The precise signal by which PSA imparts on the adaptive immune cells, particularly the CD4+ T cells, to prevent disease progression rema ...
Sleeping sickness and the central nervous system* V.W. PENTREATH P.J. BAUGH
... damage, and elevated interleukin-1 (I L-1) induces sleep and fever. Unfortunately, experimental evidence is not yet available to determine whether the increases in mANA are associated with increased release of these substances into the extracellular spaces and CSF. In a study of the CSF of late-stag ...
... damage, and elevated interleukin-1 (I L-1) induces sleep and fever. Unfortunately, experimental evidence is not yet available to determine whether the increases in mANA are associated with increased release of these substances into the extracellular spaces and CSF. In a study of the CSF of late-stag ...
Stable individual differences in physiological response
... Manuck et al., 1991). Adreno-receptor blocking studies have also provided support for the coordination of cardiovascular and immune response. These studies demonstrate that laboratory stressor induced changes in mitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and numbers o ...
... Manuck et al., 1991). Adreno-receptor blocking studies have also provided support for the coordination of cardiovascular and immune response. These studies demonstrate that laboratory stressor induced changes in mitogen stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and numbers o ...
Pattern recognition receptors: sentinels in innate - e
... stimulate various PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors, leading to the production of cytokines that modulate the differentiation of naive effector CD4 + Th cells into specific functional subsets by a process called Th polarization. DCs that produce IL-12p70 and express the costimulatory molecules CD40, ...
... stimulate various PRRs, such as Toll-like receptors, leading to the production of cytokines that modulate the differentiation of naive effector CD4 + Th cells into specific functional subsets by a process called Th polarization. DCs that produce IL-12p70 and express the costimulatory molecules CD40, ...
the influence of chosen microenvironmental factors on toll
... important role in establishing proper cell functions. The extracellular matrix is not only meant for structural support but can, through specific receptors, induce signalling cascades, which can influence cell behaviour. Signalling molecules of different, functionally nonrelated cascades have been s ...
... important role in establishing proper cell functions. The extracellular matrix is not only meant for structural support but can, through specific receptors, induce signalling cascades, which can influence cell behaviour. Signalling molecules of different, functionally nonrelated cascades have been s ...
MHC Class II Molecules
... The gene complex was first identified based on the ability of a donor to accept grafts from the recipient sharing the same MHC hapotype MHC contains >100 gene loci, but only class I and class II molecules determine graft rejection and present antigens MHC class I and II molecules are highly polymorp ...
... The gene complex was first identified based on the ability of a donor to accept grafts from the recipient sharing the same MHC hapotype MHC contains >100 gene loci, but only class I and class II molecules determine graft rejection and present antigens MHC class I and II molecules are highly polymorp ...
A phase III randomized trial comparing glucocorticoid monotherapy
... The patients underwent a full clinical examination and complete blood counts including haemolytic parameters (e.g., haemoglobin, reticulocyte count, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and haptoglobin) at enrollment, on days +7, +14, +21, +28, +42, +56, +70 and +84, then monthly until month 6, a ...
... The patients underwent a full clinical examination and complete blood counts including haemolytic parameters (e.g., haemoglobin, reticulocyte count, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and haptoglobin) at enrollment, on days +7, +14, +21, +28, +42, +56, +70 and +84, then monthly until month 6, a ...
Investigating the Mechanisms of Massage Efficacy
... neutrophils, macrophages, and other effector cells via diapedesis from the vasculature into the surrounding tissue.18 Cytokines are released into the environment from multiple tissues, such as the muscle cells, local resident macrophages, and mast cells. The shifting local environment promotes dendr ...
... neutrophils, macrophages, and other effector cells via diapedesis from the vasculature into the surrounding tissue.18 Cytokines are released into the environment from multiple tissues, such as the muscle cells, local resident macrophages, and mast cells. The shifting local environment promotes dendr ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.