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Protein Secretion in Human Macrophages Autophagy
... molecular platform that regulates proteolytic processing of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-18 (6, 7). The “secretome” is generally referred to as the complex set of proteins secreted from living cells at a given time and under defined conditions. These proteins can be released through variou ...
... molecular platform that regulates proteolytic processing of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-18 (6, 7). The “secretome” is generally referred to as the complex set of proteins secreted from living cells at a given time and under defined conditions. These proteins can be released through variou ...
Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we
... The temporarily dynamic nature of bivalve immune responses to infections has been highlighted in a large number of studies [reviewed by [4]]. This has often been shown or suggested to be linked to change in disease stage status over time or to the mobilization of immune effectors towards infection f ...
... The temporarily dynamic nature of bivalve immune responses to infections has been highlighted in a large number of studies [reviewed by [4]]. This has often been shown or suggested to be linked to change in disease stage status over time or to the mobilization of immune effectors towards infection f ...
Respiratory and Metabolic Impacts of Crustacean Immunity: Are
... along with other physiological functions such as transport of nutrients, wastes, and hormones. Crustaceans also rely heavily on their cardiovascular systems to mediate gas exchange; insects are less reliant on internal circulation for this function. Among the largest crustaceans, the decapods have d ...
... along with other physiological functions such as transport of nutrients, wastes, and hormones. Crustaceans also rely heavily on their cardiovascular systems to mediate gas exchange; insects are less reliant on internal circulation for this function. Among the largest crustaceans, the decapods have d ...
The effects of disease and climatic stress on the metabolisable
... addition the low digestibility of forages in general and specifically when these are crop residues, imposes a ‘less then genetic potential’ ceiling on production. Over the past 20 years, understanding of digestion and metabolism in ruminants has greatly improved the feeding strategies for using cro ...
... addition the low digestibility of forages in general and specifically when these are crop residues, imposes a ‘less then genetic potential’ ceiling on production. Over the past 20 years, understanding of digestion and metabolism in ruminants has greatly improved the feeding strategies for using cro ...
Induction of inhibitory central nervous system-derived and
... of immune responses, as well as in inflammation, healing and tissue remodelling (Gordon and Taylor, 2005; Shortman and Naik, 2007; Auffray et al., 2009). Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ...
... of immune responses, as well as in inflammation, healing and tissue remodelling (Gordon and Taylor, 2005; Shortman and Naik, 2007; Auffray et al., 2009). Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FL) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ...
Full-Text PDF
... lamina propria mononuclear cells isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease [43]. In addition, bacterial colonisation of the GIT is necessary for the normal postnatal development of the GIT. This has been demonstrated in experiments using germ-free animals that are raised in isolators to prevent co ...
... lamina propria mononuclear cells isolated from patients with Crohn’s disease [43]. In addition, bacterial colonisation of the GIT is necessary for the normal postnatal development of the GIT. This has been demonstrated in experiments using germ-free animals that are raised in isolators to prevent co ...
thesis - KI Open Archive
... years, another feature of DC has been under investigation, namely their interaction with NK cells, which can influence the outcome of the adaptive immune response. In this thesis I have investigated different aspects of the interactions between NK cells and DC, including killing of DC and DC-induced ...
... years, another feature of DC has been under investigation, namely their interaction with NK cells, which can influence the outcome of the adaptive immune response. In this thesis I have investigated different aspects of the interactions between NK cells and DC, including killing of DC and DC-induced ...
2015 Annual Report
... determination of the structures of large biological macromolecules. With his unique background in both physics and molecular biology, Jose-Maria brings to the ISAC his perspective on how the various imaging modalities (X-ray, electron microscopy and optical/confocal microscopy) can be harnessed to s ...
... determination of the structures of large biological macromolecules. With his unique background in both physics and molecular biology, Jose-Maria brings to the ISAC his perspective on how the various imaging modalities (X-ray, electron microscopy and optical/confocal microscopy) can be harnessed to s ...
Effects of Ionizing Radiation — UNSCEAR 2006 Report, Volume II
... 3. Remarks concerning organs and tissues of the immune system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Cells and molecules of the immune system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 3. Remarks concerning organs and tissues of the immune system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Cells and molecules of the immune system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
... • Binding of processed peptide with the MHC does not show high level of specificity (as shown in antigen-antibody interaction or antigen-T cell receptor interactions). • Peptide of suitable size with certain amino acid residues at specific positions may bind to the MHC molecule. • For eg: Peptides t ...
... • Binding of processed peptide with the MHC does not show high level of specificity (as shown in antigen-antibody interaction or antigen-T cell receptor interactions). • Peptide of suitable size with certain amino acid residues at specific positions may bind to the MHC molecule. • For eg: Peptides t ...
Novel therapeutic targets in primary biliary cirrhosis
... the disappointing results seen with biologic agents to date. Alternatively, perhaps trials are not continued long enough to see an effect owing to the selected end point being alkaline phosphatase levels. As yet, no ‘diseasemodifying therapy’ (modification of the immune process in patients with the ...
... the disappointing results seen with biologic agents to date. Alternatively, perhaps trials are not continued long enough to see an effect owing to the selected end point being alkaline phosphatase levels. As yet, no ‘diseasemodifying therapy’ (modification of the immune process in patients with the ...
Use of donor bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of
... has improved the survival rates for solid organ allo-transplantation in humans. However, immunosuppressive drug toxicity and side eVects lead to late allograft loss. Thus, the induction of a state of permanent tolerance to an allograft, deWned as a state of unresponsiveness to donor antigens in the ...
... has improved the survival rates for solid organ allo-transplantation in humans. However, immunosuppressive drug toxicity and side eVects lead to late allograft loss. Thus, the induction of a state of permanent tolerance to an allograft, deWned as a state of unresponsiveness to donor antigens in the ...
Why were we wrong for so long? The pancreas of type 1 diabetic
... The consequence of this belief has been that researchers and clinicians have exclusively focused on new-onset diabetic volunteers for interventional immune trials. The purpose is to slow the inevitable death of the few functioning islets rapidly after diagnosis. Over the last 20 years, most, if not ...
... The consequence of this belief has been that researchers and clinicians have exclusively focused on new-onset diabetic volunteers for interventional immune trials. The purpose is to slow the inevitable death of the few functioning islets rapidly after diagnosis. Over the last 20 years, most, if not ...
Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central
... The central nervous system (CNS), comprising the brain, spinal cord, and neural parts of the eye, has a unique relationship with the immune system that has been referred to as immune privilege. Support for the concept of immune privilege for the CNS arose from experiments by Shirai nearly 100 years ...
... The central nervous system (CNS), comprising the brain, spinal cord, and neural parts of the eye, has a unique relationship with the immune system that has been referred to as immune privilege. Support for the concept of immune privilege for the CNS arose from experiments by Shirai nearly 100 years ...
Maggini S et al. Selected vitamins and trace elements support
... of bacteria and other invading organisms, the immune system and other body’s molecules may be vulnerable to oxidative attack. If ROS are produced in high concentrations, this fact can cause oxidative stress and lead to impaired immune response, loss of cell membrane integrity, altered membrane ...
... of bacteria and other invading organisms, the immune system and other body’s molecules may be vulnerable to oxidative attack. If ROS are produced in high concentrations, this fact can cause oxidative stress and lead to impaired immune response, loss of cell membrane integrity, altered membrane ...
Genetic background affects susceptibility in nonfatal pneumococcal bronchopneumonia J.A. Preston , K.W. Beagley
... investigate immune responses during recovery, and the interaction of other diseases subsequent to infection. A murine model of nonfatal pneumococcal lung infection was developed and the effect of genetic background on susceptibility was determined in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Bacteria colonised the l ...
... investigate immune responses during recovery, and the interaction of other diseases subsequent to infection. A murine model of nonfatal pneumococcal lung infection was developed and the effect of genetic background on susceptibility was determined in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Bacteria colonised the l ...
VacA`s Induction of VacA-Containing Vacuoles (VCVs) and Their
... s and m regions of VacA. Thus, most effective immune regulatory effects and an association with generally more severe disease states have been attributed to an s1/m1 genotype [8,9]. Gonzalez-Rivera et al. showed that an i1 form of VacA was more adept at inhibiting T-cell function as well as binding ...
... s and m regions of VacA. Thus, most effective immune regulatory effects and an association with generally more severe disease states have been attributed to an s1/m1 genotype [8,9]. Gonzalez-Rivera et al. showed that an i1 form of VacA was more adept at inhibiting T-cell function as well as binding ...
Human Disease Ch 2
... Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF IL-17 RECEPTOR LEVELS IN HUMAN MONOCYTES
... cells. A key player in the adaptive response is the CD4+ T helper (Th) cell. These cells are crucial in mediating specific pathogen responses that come later than the innate response, but are more robust and specific to the pathogen. In 1986, Mossman and Coffman first proposed the model of two disti ...
... cells. A key player in the adaptive response is the CD4+ T helper (Th) cell. These cells are crucial in mediating specific pathogen responses that come later than the innate response, but are more robust and specific to the pathogen. In 1986, Mossman and Coffman first proposed the model of two disti ...
Active Infection and RIG-I Signaling Influenza A Virus Infection Is
... mice, leading to flu-specific cutaneous anaphylaxis (24). Together, these data demonstrate that IAV infection can have effects on mast cells, but it remains unresolved whether mast cells are important in the inflammatory response to respiratory IAV infection. In this study, we specifically demonstra ...
... mice, leading to flu-specific cutaneous anaphylaxis (24). Together, these data demonstrate that IAV infection can have effects on mast cells, but it remains unresolved whether mast cells are important in the inflammatory response to respiratory IAV infection. In this study, we specifically demonstra ...
Three-Dimensional Rotating Wall Vessel
... dissemination and egress in at least nine different DNA and RNA viruses [4]. Tight junction proteins are also key components of the epithelial barrier function and integrity that protect against viral infection and potentially influence the susceptibility of tissue to viral infection. Mucin producti ...
... dissemination and egress in at least nine different DNA and RNA viruses [4]. Tight junction proteins are also key components of the epithelial barrier function and integrity that protect against viral infection and potentially influence the susceptibility of tissue to viral infection. Mucin producti ...
Abnormality Detection in Multiagent Systems Inspired by the
... ing what may be abnormal cells or tissues (e.g. unrelated grafts, infected cells, cancerous cells). The characteristics of these abnormalities are in principle open-ended. Experimental evidence indicates that the tolerance exhibited by the immune system results from the dynamics and interactions be ...
... ing what may be abnormal cells or tissues (e.g. unrelated grafts, infected cells, cancerous cells). The characteristics of these abnormalities are in principle open-ended. Experimental evidence indicates that the tolerance exhibited by the immune system results from the dynamics and interactions be ...
Growth Hormone Synthesized and Secreted by Human Thymocytes
... GH, PRL, LH, and LH-releasing hormone-like peptides are secreted by human immune cells and serve as comitogens in lymphoproliferation (10-22). These latter observations raise the possibility that the GH influence on thymic function may be produced by the local synthesis of GH and IGF-I. In the prese ...
... GH, PRL, LH, and LH-releasing hormone-like peptides are secreted by human immune cells and serve as comitogens in lymphoproliferation (10-22). These latter observations raise the possibility that the GH influence on thymic function may be produced by the local synthesis of GH and IGF-I. In the prese ...
Recurrent sarcoid granulomas in a transplanted lung derive from recipient immune cells
... recurrent sarcoidosis in the lung allograft has been reported as early as two weeks after transplantation [13]. In the three patients within this study, recurrence was observed at 2, 5 and 6 months after transplantation, respectively [6]. It has been suggested that the evolution of allograft rejecti ...
... recurrent sarcoidosis in the lung allograft has been reported as early as two weeks after transplantation [13]. In the three patients within this study, recurrence was observed at 2, 5 and 6 months after transplantation, respectively [6]. It has been suggested that the evolution of allograft rejecti ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.