Fundamentals of Immunology
... 3. The first decision or branch point, is whether the cell will go myeloid or lymphoid: a. CMP- If it turns into a common myeloid-erythroid progenitor, it may develop into a huge number of types including different types of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelet-producing megakaryocytes. b ...
... 3. The first decision or branch point, is whether the cell will go myeloid or lymphoid: a. CMP- If it turns into a common myeloid-erythroid progenitor, it may develop into a huge number of types including different types of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelet-producing megakaryocytes. b ...
Allo-HLA reactivity of virus-specific memory T cells is common
... After informed consent was given in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, peripheral blood (PB) was obtained from different persons. All experiments were approved by the Leiden University Medical Center ethics committee. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by Ficoll-Isopaque separation and ...
... After informed consent was given in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, peripheral blood (PB) was obtained from different persons. All experiments were approved by the Leiden University Medical Center ethics committee. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by Ficoll-Isopaque separation and ...
Trinity™ Multipotential Cellular Bone Matrix
... be used to stimulate bone formation at the operative site. The ideal bone graft combines osteogenic cells (either endogenous or introduced) and associated bioactive osteoinductive factors with an osteoconductive structural matrix.8-10 Although the properties and interactions of these three component ...
... be used to stimulate bone formation at the operative site. The ideal bone graft combines osteogenic cells (either endogenous or introduced) and associated bioactive osteoinductive factors with an osteoconductive structural matrix.8-10 Although the properties and interactions of these three component ...
Monomers Peptidoglycan, but Not to Peptidoglycan Respond
... Copyright Ó 2011 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/11/$16.00 ...
... Copyright Ó 2011 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 0022-1767/11/$16.00 ...
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis
... abnormality of eNOS function. For example, models of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis have been associated with reduced tissue BH4 levels, increased superoxide generation, and impaired endothelial function.15–17 As explained before, uncoupling of eNOS implies that the endothelial cell swi ...
... abnormality of eNOS function. For example, models of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis have been associated with reduced tissue BH4 levels, increased superoxide generation, and impaired endothelial function.15–17 As explained before, uncoupling of eNOS implies that the endothelial cell swi ...
The immune response to yellow fever vaccination in aged individuals
... diminished YF-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and showed quantitatively and qualitatively altered YF-specific CD4+ T-cell immunity. A comparatively late peak in YF viremia suggested impaired infection control and viral clearance in the elderly. Among numerous immune signatures, low in vivo numbers of ...
... diminished YF-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and showed quantitatively and qualitatively altered YF-specific CD4+ T-cell immunity. A comparatively late peak in YF viremia suggested impaired infection control and viral clearance in the elderly. Among numerous immune signatures, low in vivo numbers of ...
Survival strategies of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of
... probable factor in this phenomenon. Indeed, increased arthritis severity and decreased spirochete numbers were evident within the joints of infected IL-10-deficient C57BL/6 mice [16]. Therefore, the induction of IL-10 by B. burgdorferi apparently must fall within a delicate range so as to inhibit ho ...
... probable factor in this phenomenon. Indeed, increased arthritis severity and decreased spirochete numbers were evident within the joints of infected IL-10-deficient C57BL/6 mice [16]. Therefore, the induction of IL-10 by B. burgdorferi apparently must fall within a delicate range so as to inhibit ho ...
Detection of antibodies to common antigens of pathogenic and
... 1986) are attractive agents for use in vaccines because most of them have been shown to be immunogenic. However, the protective role of the antibodies to these antigens is not clear. Protective immunity to N . meningitidis depends upon the presence of bactericidal antibody (Goldschneider et al., 196 ...
... 1986) are attractive agents for use in vaccines because most of them have been shown to be immunogenic. However, the protective role of the antibodies to these antigens is not clear. Protective immunity to N . meningitidis depends upon the presence of bactericidal antibody (Goldschneider et al., 196 ...
Inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects
... treatment of obesity were included. Twenty-eight patients (76%) were successively followed at 1-3 months after surgery (mean time: 1.3 months) and twenty-five (68%) were followed after six months after bariatric surgery (range: ...
... treatment of obesity were included. Twenty-eight patients (76%) were successively followed at 1-3 months after surgery (mean time: 1.3 months) and twenty-five (68%) were followed after six months after bariatric surgery (range: ...
all wp- printable version
... (Castrillo et al., 2001). KUL and UG2 will therefore investigate whether TLR4 activates PKD, whether this activation occurs through PKC and whether PKD is required for TLR4-induced NF-B activation. Since PKD has been shown to associate with the kinase Btk and since Btk plays a crucial role in TLRi ...
... (Castrillo et al., 2001). KUL and UG2 will therefore investigate whether TLR4 activates PKD, whether this activation occurs through PKC and whether PKD is required for TLR4-induced NF-B activation. Since PKD has been shown to associate with the kinase Btk and since Btk plays a crucial role in TLRi ...
Review Article Modulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Early-Life
... activate the immune response as those dedicated to the effects of inflammatory challenge on immune response or behaviour in adulthood. LPS injection is a common way to activate immune response, as LPS is recognised by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on antigen-presenting cells and effectively models bac ...
... activate the immune response as those dedicated to the effects of inflammatory challenge on immune response or behaviour in adulthood. LPS injection is a common way to activate immune response, as LPS is recognised by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on antigen-presenting cells and effectively models bac ...
The Role of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complexes
... adaptive immune response. 3. mTOR and the Innate Immunity The innate immune system is an immediate protective response with broad activity upon entry of microorganisms. The innate immunity relies on mechanisms that are established prior to infection and are employed to rapidly attack the offending m ...
... adaptive immune response. 3. mTOR and the Innate Immunity The innate immune system is an immediate protective response with broad activity upon entry of microorganisms. The innate immunity relies on mechanisms that are established prior to infection and are employed to rapidly attack the offending m ...
Suppression of adaptive immune responses during primary SIV
... macaques from pathogenic SHIV89.6P challenge after passive transfer of broadly NAbs.13,14 Recently, a limited number of studies have evaluated the role of B cell–mediated immune responses in SIV containment in rhesus macaques.15-17 Humoral immune responses did not contribute to viral containment in ...
... macaques from pathogenic SHIV89.6P challenge after passive transfer of broadly NAbs.13,14 Recently, a limited number of studies have evaluated the role of B cell–mediated immune responses in SIV containment in rhesus macaques.15-17 Humoral immune responses did not contribute to viral containment in ...
IBD T Blocking IL-17....
... nflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition where a dysregulated host immune system is activated against luminal bacteria leading to chronic colitis. The current management mainly focuses on suppressing lymphocytes that attack the gut or on eliminating the circulating inflammatory cytokines. Rece ...
... nflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition where a dysregulated host immune system is activated against luminal bacteria leading to chronic colitis. The current management mainly focuses on suppressing lymphocytes that attack the gut or on eliminating the circulating inflammatory cytokines. Rece ...
Introduction to Mathematical Modeling in
... Equilibrium points of 4-population system (no treatment) are found at points where the values of LE1 from equation (20) intersect with the solutions L of equation (21). These points of intersection can be found numerically, yielding equilibrium point(s) (TE,NE,LE,CE). ...
... Equilibrium points of 4-population system (no treatment) are found at points where the values of LE1 from equation (20) intersect with the solutions L of equation (21). These points of intersection can be found numerically, yielding equilibrium point(s) (TE,NE,LE,CE). ...
Gender differences in cancer susceptibility
... There seems to be a general consensus that gene expression changes are the most common intermediate phenotype between genetic variants and modification of disease risk (Nica and Dermitzakis, 2008; Cookson et al., 2009; Murphy et al., 2010). It is only natural that any sex differential in gene expres ...
... There seems to be a general consensus that gene expression changes are the most common intermediate phenotype between genetic variants and modification of disease risk (Nica and Dermitzakis, 2008; Cookson et al., 2009; Murphy et al., 2010). It is only natural that any sex differential in gene expres ...
T/F HIV-1 Bx11 - International AIDS Society
... T-cells The increased immune sensing pDC maturation during pDC/lymphocyte cross talk efficient innate immune responses and may be of able to control viral infection might IFN-αpromote induction was not inhibited following VRC01 inhibition HIV-1 or IDV treatment (72h PI, HIV-1Bx11, n = 3 donors) (me ...
... T-cells The increased immune sensing pDC maturation during pDC/lymphocyte cross talk efficient innate immune responses and may be of able to control viral infection might IFN-αpromote induction was not inhibited following VRC01 inhibition HIV-1 or IDV treatment (72h PI, HIV-1Bx11, n = 3 donors) (me ...
Thyroid Glossary - YOUR THYROID And YOU
... FT3 - Reflects the biologically active free form of T3. FT3 is typically elevated to a greater degree in Graves' disease and in toxic adenomas. It may also be important in monitoring patients on antithyroid therapy. Occasionally, FT3 alone is elevated in about 5 percent of the hyperthyroid populatio ...
... FT3 - Reflects the biologically active free form of T3. FT3 is typically elevated to a greater degree in Graves' disease and in toxic adenomas. It may also be important in monitoring patients on antithyroid therapy. Occasionally, FT3 alone is elevated in about 5 percent of the hyperthyroid populatio ...
Hair follicles
... • Contains four main cell types (continued) • Tactile epithelial cells • Location—basal layer; attached to sensory nerve endings ...
... • Contains four main cell types (continued) • Tactile epithelial cells • Location—basal layer; attached to sensory nerve endings ...
Mapping a Dynamic Innate Immunity Protein Interaction Network
... was a ligand-dependent reduction of >4-fold. To insure reproducibility, the BNT ratios in each replicate experiment had to meet the >5 or <0.25 standard to be classified as a dynamic interaction. In total, 65 inducible (16%) and 19 repressive (5%) interactions were identified (Figures 2A and S2). Fo ...
... was a ligand-dependent reduction of >4-fold. To insure reproducibility, the BNT ratios in each replicate experiment had to meet the >5 or <0.25 standard to be classified as a dynamic interaction. In total, 65 inducible (16%) and 19 repressive (5%) interactions were identified (Figures 2A and S2). Fo ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.