Here - Vanderbilt University
... hydroxylase,9,57,60 which are rate‑limiting enzymes in the humoral melanization pathway.61,62 These enzymes are present in the cytosol of oenocytoids and their sequences do not contain classical signal peptides,60,63 indicating that enzyme release into the hemolymph must occur by either nonclassical ...
... hydroxylase,9,57,60 which are rate‑limiting enzymes in the humoral melanization pathway.61,62 These enzymes are present in the cytosol of oenocytoids and their sequences do not contain classical signal peptides,60,63 indicating that enzyme release into the hemolymph must occur by either nonclassical ...
Cytokine Gene Therapy for Viral Myocarditis
... balance between endogenous IL-1 and IL-1Ra in vivo is an important determinant of the host response to infection.8 In the murine myocarditis model, the increased levels of IL-1 correlated with the myocardial fibrosis, 7 while the increased serum levels of IL-1Ra, which was delivered by electroporat ...
... balance between endogenous IL-1 and IL-1Ra in vivo is an important determinant of the host response to infection.8 In the murine myocarditis model, the increased levels of IL-1 correlated with the myocardial fibrosis, 7 while the increased serum levels of IL-1Ra, which was delivered by electroporat ...
the innate immunity in bovine mastitis
... sites in their promoter region and transcription factor complex act as a main switch to orchestrate immune defense genes against bacterial infection, as production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the innate immune system uses various PRRs that are expressed on the cell surface, in intra ...
... sites in their promoter region and transcription factor complex act as a main switch to orchestrate immune defense genes against bacterial infection, as production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the innate immune system uses various PRRs that are expressed on the cell surface, in intra ...
Double-Stranded RNA Induces an Antiviral Defense Status in
... of antiviral pattern recognition molecules in human keratinocytes and analyze their specific role in the induction of antiviral mediators. Using foreskin-derived cultured primary human keratinocytes we were able to depict the hierarchy of response patterns to the synthetic dsRNA analog poly(I:C). We ...
... of antiviral pattern recognition molecules in human keratinocytes and analyze their specific role in the induction of antiviral mediators. Using foreskin-derived cultured primary human keratinocytes we were able to depict the hierarchy of response patterns to the synthetic dsRNA analog poly(I:C). We ...
The role of inflammation in cutaneous repair
... levels by day 149,12. The macrophage M1/M2 paradigm during cutaneous repair Once monocytes have infiltrated the wound, signals from the local wound environment trigger them to differentiate into macrophages16,17. Macrophages are classically activated through factors such as IFN-γ or through their pa ...
... levels by day 149,12. The macrophage M1/M2 paradigm during cutaneous repair Once monocytes have infiltrated the wound, signals from the local wound environment trigger them to differentiate into macrophages16,17. Macrophages are classically activated through factors such as IFN-γ or through their pa ...
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural localization of leptin and
... A t early stages of differentiating human adipocytes, leptin was mainly expressed in multilocular preadipocytes, whereas the Ob-R was found predominantly on fibroblast-like cells. Other cellular components of human white adipose tissue were characterized by anti-CD31 for endothelial cells, anti-CD68 ...
... A t early stages of differentiating human adipocytes, leptin was mainly expressed in multilocular preadipocytes, whereas the Ob-R was found predominantly on fibroblast-like cells. Other cellular components of human white adipose tissue were characterized by anti-CD31 for endothelial cells, anti-CD68 ...
Immunoflourescence in dermatopathology
... histological section of human skin prepared for direct immunofluorescence using an anti-IgG antibody. The skin is from a patient with systemic lupus erthematosus and shows IgG deposit at two different places: The first is a band-like deposit along the epidermal basement membrane ("lupus band test" i ...
... histological section of human skin prepared for direct immunofluorescence using an anti-IgG antibody. The skin is from a patient with systemic lupus erthematosus and shows IgG deposit at two different places: The first is a band-like deposit along the epidermal basement membrane ("lupus band test" i ...
Chapter 20, Lymphatic System
... help activate T cells Dendritic cells – spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages Reticular cells – fibroblastlike cells that produce a stroma, or network, that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs ...
... help activate T cells Dendritic cells – spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages Reticular cells – fibroblastlike cells that produce a stroma, or network, that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs ...
An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties
... Pharmacology at the University of Pretoria ...
... Pharmacology at the University of Pretoria ...
Full text
... The cases with unknown nodal and metastasis status were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained and all patients gave informed consent. The samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, according to the routine procedure. The pathological diagnosis and grading were done on hematoxylin-eosin-sta ...
... The cases with unknown nodal and metastasis status were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained and all patients gave informed consent. The samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, according to the routine procedure. The pathological diagnosis and grading were done on hematoxylin-eosin-sta ...
Part III, Endotoxin Test Concerns of Biologics
... and bacterial DNA added to a recombinant protein (r-Erythropoietin) served to “break tolerance to self”. Researchers have shown both in vitro and in vivo that synergistically IIRMI’s are active at lower levels than when present alone31: This synergistic effect was then confirmed in vivo, as studies ...
... and bacterial DNA added to a recombinant protein (r-Erythropoietin) served to “break tolerance to self”. Researchers have shown both in vitro and in vivo that synergistically IIRMI’s are active at lower levels than when present alone31: This synergistic effect was then confirmed in vivo, as studies ...
Endometrial dendritic cell populations during the normal menstrual
... which is accompanied by an increase in the number of leukocytes, such as natural killer cells, macrophages and neutrophils, and their associated pro-inflammatory products (Salamonsen and Lathbury, 2000). Although steroid hormones are largely responsible for the transformation of the endometrium duri ...
... which is accompanied by an increase in the number of leukocytes, such as natural killer cells, macrophages and neutrophils, and their associated pro-inflammatory products (Salamonsen and Lathbury, 2000). Although steroid hormones are largely responsible for the transformation of the endometrium duri ...
Intestinal epithelium in inflammatory bowel disease
... several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ, have been shown to increase TJ permeability and to induce apoptosis of IECs (27–29). This leads to the loss of epithelial barrier function and induces epithelial damage and ulcers that are present in mucosal ...
... several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ, have been shown to increase TJ permeability and to induce apoptosis of IECs (27–29). This leads to the loss of epithelial barrier function and induces epithelial damage and ulcers that are present in mucosal ...
Helicobacter pylori vaccines and mechanisms of effective
... Given the location of the infection in the gastric lumen, it was initially expected that antibodies would mediate protective immunity. Even before animal models became available, Czinn and Nedrud found that immunization of mice and ferrets with killed H. pylori and CT produced a significant intestin ...
... Given the location of the infection in the gastric lumen, it was initially expected that antibodies would mediate protective immunity. Even before animal models became available, Czinn and Nedrud found that immunization of mice and ferrets with killed H. pylori and CT produced a significant intestin ...
Bone transplantation and immune response
... and reject intact allogeneic MHC class I molecules on foreign cells by their receptors. Unlike T cells, which can recognise foreign or mismatch MHC molecules directly or indirectly, NK cells predominately recognise foreign molecules directly. In bone cryografting, intact cells are unlikely to surviv ...
... and reject intact allogeneic MHC class I molecules on foreign cells by their receptors. Unlike T cells, which can recognise foreign or mismatch MHC molecules directly or indirectly, NK cells predominately recognise foreign molecules directly. In bone cryografting, intact cells are unlikely to surviv ...
Awareness about cervical cancer screening among reproductive
... cancer is infection with high strain of human papilloma virus. The virus works by triggering alterations in the cells of cervix which led to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia which then progress to cancer. 5 Other co-factors that increase the risk of carcinoma cervix are- early m ...
... cancer is infection with high strain of human papilloma virus. The virus works by triggering alterations in the cells of cervix which led to the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia which then progress to cancer. 5 Other co-factors that increase the risk of carcinoma cervix are- early m ...
Depression and cancer: An unexplored and unresolved emergent
... Cancer in the elderly has become an increasingly common problem [1]. Indeed, epidemiologic studies describe that about 60% of all malignancies occur in people aged 65 years or older [2], and if the current demographic trends continue, it can be estimated that by 2020 about 70% of all cancers will be ...
... Cancer in the elderly has become an increasingly common problem [1]. Indeed, epidemiologic studies describe that about 60% of all malignancies occur in people aged 65 years or older [2], and if the current demographic trends continue, it can be estimated that by 2020 about 70% of all cancers will be ...
Wellness Foods Based on the Health Benefits of Fruit: Gold Kiwifruit
... OVA-specific antibody isotypes representative of both a T helper (h) 1 (IgG2b and 2c) and a Th2 (IgG1) immune response were produced. In addition, interleukin (IL) 5, a hallmark cytokine of Th2 responses, was produced by mesenteric lymph node cells from the mice when they were re-exposed to OVA in v ...
... OVA-specific antibody isotypes representative of both a T helper (h) 1 (IgG2b and 2c) and a Th2 (IgG1) immune response were produced. In addition, interleukin (IL) 5, a hallmark cytokine of Th2 responses, was produced by mesenteric lymph node cells from the mice when they were re-exposed to OVA in v ...
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... Although such experimental studies have improved our understanding of temporary immunity and viral interference, the underlying mechanisms of how a virus is controlled and cleared by the immune system are still not fully understood. In particular, the re-exposure experimental data revealed a number ...
... Although such experimental studies have improved our understanding of temporary immunity and viral interference, the underlying mechanisms of how a virus is controlled and cleared by the immune system are still not fully understood. In particular, the re-exposure experimental data revealed a number ...
here - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology
... cohorts in inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Use of patient tissue samples is a crucial component of our discovery science aimed at unravelling complex disease mechanisms to identify new drug targets or approaches for patient stratification. The power of ...
... cohorts in inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Use of patient tissue samples is a crucial component of our discovery science aimed at unravelling complex disease mechanisms to identify new drug targets or approaches for patient stratification. The power of ...
Spin models inferred from patient-derived viral sequence data faithfully
... PACS number(s): 87.10.−e, 87.19.xd, 87.18.Vf, 87.23.Cc ...
... PACS number(s): 87.10.−e, 87.19.xd, 87.18.Vf, 87.23.Cc ...
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... over several decades. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma occur in ~25% of these chronic HCV cases, making HCV infection the main cause of chronic liver disease and the single largest indication for liver transplantation (4). The mechanisms of HCV persistence are not well known. However, it ...
... over several decades. Liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma occur in ~25% of these chronic HCV cases, making HCV infection the main cause of chronic liver disease and the single largest indication for liver transplantation (4). The mechanisms of HCV persistence are not well known. However, it ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.