Immune Recognition HLA-E, F, and G in Maternal
... Screening was done using HLA-F complex added to 96-well plates at 1.2 g/ml, and plates were incubated overnight at 4°C. After the uncoupled sites were blocked with 5% skim milk in PBS, 100 l of hybridoma supernatant was added to each well. HRP-goat anti-mouse was added at 1/2000 dilution in PBS/Tw ...
... Screening was done using HLA-F complex added to 96-well plates at 1.2 g/ml, and plates were incubated overnight at 4°C. After the uncoupled sites were blocked with 5% skim milk in PBS, 100 l of hybridoma supernatant was added to each well. HRP-goat anti-mouse was added at 1/2000 dilution in PBS/Tw ...
Autophagy in herpesvirus immune control and immune escape Open Access
... addition to just innately degrading pathogens. Along these lines, macroautophagy has now been shown to influence the adaptive immune response towards herpesviruses. By delivering portions of cytoplasm to lysosomes, macroautophagy provides a route for endogenous proteins to intersect vesicles that fo ...
... addition to just innately degrading pathogens. Along these lines, macroautophagy has now been shown to influence the adaptive immune response towards herpesviruses. By delivering portions of cytoplasm to lysosomes, macroautophagy provides a route for endogenous proteins to intersect vesicles that fo ...
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from severe asthmatic
... mechanisms are probably involved in this process, promoting the maintenance of IFN-␥ levels, as IL-18 production that contributes to inducing IFN-␥ in an immunosuppressive environment.21 Other cytokines were analysed in order to understand the mechanisms that lead to asthma development. In the conte ...
... mechanisms are probably involved in this process, promoting the maintenance of IFN-␥ levels, as IL-18 production that contributes to inducing IFN-␥ in an immunosuppressive environment.21 Other cytokines were analysed in order to understand the mechanisms that lead to asthma development. In the conte ...
Early cytokine release in response to live largely complement independent
... antibodies for 30 min at 37uC in 2-mL tubes. EDTA, which binds the Ca2+ and Mg2+ that are necessary for a functional complement system and therefore completely inhibits complement activation, was used at a final concentration of 10 mM as a negative control. Two additional inhibitors were used, 50 mM ...
... antibodies for 30 min at 37uC in 2-mL tubes. EDTA, which binds the Ca2+ and Mg2+ that are necessary for a functional complement system and therefore completely inhibits complement activation, was used at a final concentration of 10 mM as a negative control. Two additional inhibitors were used, 50 mM ...
β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR MODULATION OF MACROPHAGE
... Importantly, the bioactive component in these preparations was identified by Otto von Furth as “suprarenin,” which later became known as epinephrine – an important catecholamine of the nervous system [18, 45, 62]. Taken together, these early papers provided the necessary groundwork to encourage the ...
... Importantly, the bioactive component in these preparations was identified by Otto von Furth as “suprarenin,” which later became known as epinephrine – an important catecholamine of the nervous system [18, 45, 62]. Taken together, these early papers provided the necessary groundwork to encourage the ...
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
... to other systems (Supplementary Fig. 1). Depending on the trigger, several initiation and regulatory mechanisms act together to produce an anticipated result in immune surveillance (Figs. 1 and 2). The classical pathway is often referred to as antibody-dependent because it is strongly initiated by I ...
... to other systems (Supplementary Fig. 1). Depending on the trigger, several initiation and regulatory mechanisms act together to produce an anticipated result in immune surveillance (Figs. 1 and 2). The classical pathway is often referred to as antibody-dependent because it is strongly initiated by I ...
Immune tolerance by interferon-alpha in experimental arthritis Jaya Prakash Chalise Linköping University
... methylated-BSA (mBSA) emulsified in Freund’s adjuvant at day 1 and 7 followed by intraarticular injection of mBSA in the knee joint at day 21, which induces arthritis within 1 week. Administration of IFN-α at the time of mBSA sensitizations (day 1 and day 7) but not at induction of arthritis (day 21 ...
... methylated-BSA (mBSA) emulsified in Freund’s adjuvant at day 1 and 7 followed by intraarticular injection of mBSA in the knee joint at day 21, which induces arthritis within 1 week. Administration of IFN-α at the time of mBSA sensitizations (day 1 and day 7) but not at induction of arthritis (day 21 ...
Signaling pathways
... Precursor forms have internal IB inhibitor function RHD linked to inhibitory domain through Gly-rich linker (protease sensitive) Blocks DNA-binding and translocation to nucleus p105 undergoes proteolytic maturation to p50 [NF-B1] Proteolytic degradation to p50 is signal dependent, requires ...
... Precursor forms have internal IB inhibitor function RHD linked to inhibitory domain through Gly-rich linker (protease sensitive) Blocks DNA-binding and translocation to nucleus p105 undergoes proteolytic maturation to p50 [NF-B1] Proteolytic degradation to p50 is signal dependent, requires ...
Do bacterial infections cause reduced ejaculate
... barrier is redeveloped before each breeding season and reabsorbed after breeding (Setchell, 1997), which indicates the importance of this barrier for development of germ cells. In addition, immune activity within the testis is also thought to be inhibited by locally produced hormones such as testost ...
... barrier is redeveloped before each breeding season and reabsorbed after breeding (Setchell, 1997), which indicates the importance of this barrier for development of germ cells. In addition, immune activity within the testis is also thought to be inhibited by locally produced hormones such as testost ...
A study of the contribution of mast cells to vaccination
... This thesis aimed to explore the regulatory roles of mast cells in vaccination. Mast cells have been increasingly recognized as important orchestrators of immune regulation in both health and disease, in addition to their classically defined roles in allergic diseases. One of the recently appreciate ...
... This thesis aimed to explore the regulatory roles of mast cells in vaccination. Mast cells have been increasingly recognized as important orchestrators of immune regulation in both health and disease, in addition to their classically defined roles in allergic diseases. One of the recently appreciate ...
Combining Human and Rat Sequences in Her
... antibodies that were critical in delaying spontaneous tumor formation. These results reflect the exquisite specificity of anti-neu antibodies and that humoral immunity is the primary effector mechanism against neu-induced spontaneous tumors. Not all Her-2–positive breast cancers are sensitive to ant ...
... antibodies that were critical in delaying spontaneous tumor formation. These results reflect the exquisite specificity of anti-neu antibodies and that humoral immunity is the primary effector mechanism against neu-induced spontaneous tumors. Not all Her-2–positive breast cancers are sensitive to ant ...
Cannabinoid receptors in microglia of the central nervous system
... migrate and proliferate during and after injury and inflammation [22–25]. Once activated, they produce various cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) and express major histocompatibility complex classes I and II antigens and the complement receptor, CR3. ...
... migrate and proliferate during and after injury and inflammation [22–25]. Once activated, they produce various cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) and express major histocompatibility complex classes I and II antigens and the complement receptor, CR3. ...
Drug-Induced Hematologic Disorders
... proliferation. Certain chemicals or agents may also induce direct injury to hematopoietic cells. Chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial agent, is such an agent, causing bone marrow suppression that is dose dependent and reversible.26 Drug toxicity on hematopoietic cells is usually mediated through interm ...
... proliferation. Certain chemicals or agents may also induce direct injury to hematopoietic cells. Chloramphenicol, an antimicrobial agent, is such an agent, causing bone marrow suppression that is dose dependent and reversible.26 Drug toxicity on hematopoietic cells is usually mediated through interm ...
Chitin, Chitinases and Chitinase
... innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been shown that exogenous chitin activates macrophages and other innate immune cells and also modulates adaptive type 2 allergic inflammation. These studies further demonstrate that chitin stimulate macrophages by interacting with different cell surface r ...
... innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been shown that exogenous chitin activates macrophages and other innate immune cells and also modulates adaptive type 2 allergic inflammation. These studies further demonstrate that chitin stimulate macrophages by interacting with different cell surface r ...
Elevated interleukin (IL)-35-related sCD14 but not IL
... and CAL measurements were performed by the periodontists. The GI was scored as 0 (normal gingival), 1 (mild inflammation), 2 (moderate inflammation) or 3 (severe inflammation), as previously reported by Offenbacher and colleagues [22]. PPD, defined as the distance from the free gingival margin to th ...
... and CAL measurements were performed by the periodontists. The GI was scored as 0 (normal gingival), 1 (mild inflammation), 2 (moderate inflammation) or 3 (severe inflammation), as previously reported by Offenbacher and colleagues [22]. PPD, defined as the distance from the free gingival margin to th ...
Increased Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection in Signal Regulatory
... substrate-1), CD172a, BIT (brain Ig–like molecule with a tyrosinebased activation motif), MFR (macrophage fusion receptor), or p84 (17–21). It is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), but is barely detectable on B or T lymphocytes ...
... substrate-1), CD172a, BIT (brain Ig–like molecule with a tyrosinebased activation motif), MFR (macrophage fusion receptor), or p84 (17–21). It is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, such as macrophages, granulocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), but is barely detectable on B or T lymphocytes ...
Subretinal space and vitreous cavity as immunologically
... tigen. Examination of the hematoxylin and eosin sections revealed that the grafts were well developed and differentiated, and located between the host neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal grafts contained a dominant population of photoreceptor cells that formed rosettes (Fig. 3A). O ...
... tigen. Examination of the hematoxylin and eosin sections revealed that the grafts were well developed and differentiated, and located between the host neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Retinal grafts contained a dominant population of photoreceptor cells that formed rosettes (Fig. 3A). O ...
Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis and non
... absorption of LPS to the periphery. Furthermore, the apoptosis of these cells is activated by caspase-3. e. Once in circulation, either through the rumen or intestinal, LPS are attached to acute phase reactants (APR) as the binding protein of LPS which are transported to the liver where the macropha ...
... absorption of LPS to the periphery. Furthermore, the apoptosis of these cells is activated by caspase-3. e. Once in circulation, either through the rumen or intestinal, LPS are attached to acute phase reactants (APR) as the binding protein of LPS which are transported to the liver where the macropha ...
Mast cells promote lung vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension
... ABSTRACT: Left heart disease (LHD) frequently causes lung vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet pharmacological treatment for PH in LHD is lacking and its pathophysiological basis remains obscure. We aimed to identify candidate mechanisms of PH in LHD and to test their relevance ...
... ABSTRACT: Left heart disease (LHD) frequently causes lung vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet pharmacological treatment for PH in LHD is lacking and its pathophysiological basis remains obscure. We aimed to identify candidate mechanisms of PH in LHD and to test their relevance ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.