![- Robert Fox, MD, Ph.D.](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008629435_1-c3d484429e86a6f03d4e003114aebcad-300x300.png)
- Robert Fox, MD, Ph.D.
... Although SLE is closely related to SS, there are distinct clinical and genetic factors. Think of SLE as immune complex mediated and SS as aggressive lymphocytic infiltrates (including high risk of lymphoma). ...
... Although SLE is closely related to SS, there are distinct clinical and genetic factors. Think of SLE as immune complex mediated and SS as aggressive lymphocytic infiltrates (including high risk of lymphoma). ...
An essential role for decorin in bladder cancer invasiveness
... Several studies have demonstrated the presence of large amounts of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in both muscle‐invasive and superficial bladder tumours. Most of these data have correlated higher numbers of TILs with a good prognosis and survival rate (Ikemoto et al, 1990; Lopez‐Beltran et al ...
... Several studies have demonstrated the presence of large amounts of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in both muscle‐invasive and superficial bladder tumours. Most of these data have correlated higher numbers of TILs with a good prognosis and survival rate (Ikemoto et al, 1990; Lopez‐Beltran et al ...
Cells in Gut-Oriented Immune Responses The Role of Dendritic
... hypersensitivity or bystander suppression against mycobacterial Ags in CFA. Feeding of Ag had a major influence on dendritic cells from fed wild-type or MT mice, such that these APCs were able to elicit a different class of response from naive T cells in vitro. These results suggest that systemic i ...
... hypersensitivity or bystander suppression against mycobacterial Ags in CFA. Feeding of Ag had a major influence on dendritic cells from fed wild-type or MT mice, such that these APCs were able to elicit a different class of response from naive T cells in vitro. These results suggest that systemic i ...
Great Lakes Network
... Take-home message... Herpetologists interested in ecotoxicology may ask to or become part of the advisory group There is too much left to do, and protecting amphibians from pollution requires herpetologists’ work 143,000 chemical substances have been pre-registered by REACH*. Protecting amphibians ...
... Take-home message... Herpetologists interested in ecotoxicology may ask to or become part of the advisory group There is too much left to do, and protecting amphibians from pollution requires herpetologists’ work 143,000 chemical substances have been pre-registered by REACH*. Protecting amphibians ...
Lymphatic
... Tonsils are lymphoid nodules in the wall of the pharynx. They fight infections of the nose, ear, and throat region. Lymph nodes are encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue that contain lymphocytes. Lymph nodes monitor the lymph before it drains into the veins. They remove antigens and initiate approp ...
... Tonsils are lymphoid nodules in the wall of the pharynx. They fight infections of the nose, ear, and throat region. Lymph nodes are encapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue that contain lymphocytes. Lymph nodes monitor the lymph before it drains into the veins. They remove antigens and initiate approp ...
immunology core notes
... defensins. These modes of protection are present in all healthy individuals, and are essentially unchanged following repeated challenges by the offending pathogens - that is to say they do not display memory, and are collectively referred to as INNATE IMMUNITY. Mediators of innate immunity contribut ...
... defensins. These modes of protection are present in all healthy individuals, and are essentially unchanged following repeated challenges by the offending pathogens - that is to say they do not display memory, and are collectively referred to as INNATE IMMUNITY. Mediators of innate immunity contribut ...
THE OPTIMISATION OF IMMUNE FUNCTION ASSAYS IN MURRAY
... ambigua) (Harford et al. 2006). Flow cytometry utilises the light scattering properties of cells to categorise them into different subpopulations based on their size, granularity and/or their emission of fluorescent signals and can be used to measure the internalisation of fluorescent beads by phagocy ...
... ambigua) (Harford et al. 2006). Flow cytometry utilises the light scattering properties of cells to categorise them into different subpopulations based on their size, granularity and/or their emission of fluorescent signals and can be used to measure the internalisation of fluorescent beads by phagocy ...
An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans
... 1. Recognition depend on several PAMPs in the fungal cell wall. 2. Specific intracellular signalling pathways, and distinct consequences for the host immune response. 3. Cell-type-specific response of the various PRRs. ...
... 1. Recognition depend on several PAMPs in the fungal cell wall. 2. Specific intracellular signalling pathways, and distinct consequences for the host immune response. 3. Cell-type-specific response of the various PRRs. ...
Training load and URTI - ACCEPTED MS Text 01-11
... engaged in lower levels of physical activity but there was no statistically significant effect of ...
... engaged in lower levels of physical activity but there was no statistically significant effect of ...
Blood Transfusion ok320 KB
... • Co-morbidities and the age of the patient • Can we treat the anemia without transfusion? And • Is there enough time to wait for the response of such a treatment ? ...
... • Co-morbidities and the age of the patient • Can we treat the anemia without transfusion? And • Is there enough time to wait for the response of such a treatment ? ...
Determination of the temporal pattern and importance of BALF1 expression in
... frequently expressed in cancer cells and is associated with a poor prognosis; inhibition of BCL-2 in such cells can often induce apoptosis (4). Apoptosis frequently occurs in virally-infected cells, disrupting the viral life cycle and depriving the viral particles of their host. However, a number of ...
... frequently expressed in cancer cells and is associated with a poor prognosis; inhibition of BCL-2 in such cells can often induce apoptosis (4). Apoptosis frequently occurs in virally-infected cells, disrupting the viral life cycle and depriving the viral particles of their host. However, a number of ...
Using Blood-Typing to Determine Causes of Death
... The surface of erythrocytes contains genetically determined glycolipids called antigens. Antigens are categorized into blood groups, two of which are the ABO and Rh groups. All cells in the body contain antigens on their surfaces. One person’s antigens may be recognized as foreign if transferred int ...
... The surface of erythrocytes contains genetically determined glycolipids called antigens. Antigens are categorized into blood groups, two of which are the ABO and Rh groups. All cells in the body contain antigens on their surfaces. One person’s antigens may be recognized as foreign if transferred int ...
Epitomics: Serum screening for the early detection of cancer on
... CA125, HER2/neu, urinary gonadotropin peptide, lipid-associated sialic acid, and Dianon marker 70/K during 6 years of follow-up of 1257 healthy women at high risk of ovarian cancer showed that the individual-specific tumor markers behaved independently with substantial heterogeneity among highrisk b ...
... CA125, HER2/neu, urinary gonadotropin peptide, lipid-associated sialic acid, and Dianon marker 70/K during 6 years of follow-up of 1257 healthy women at high risk of ovarian cancer showed that the individual-specific tumor markers behaved independently with substantial heterogeneity among highrisk b ...
Toll-like receptor-4 agonist in post-haemorrhage pneumonia: role
... Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through production of cytokines, as well as presentation of antigen to naive lymphocytes [4]. Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the anti-bacterial response, particularly through cytotoxic activity against i ...
... Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through production of cytokines, as well as presentation of antigen to naive lymphocytes [4]. Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to the anti-bacterial response, particularly through cytotoxic activity against i ...
22 It`s hard to name a thinker more important to shaping
... Antigens are recognized by antibodies that are recognized by antiantibodies and so on. And those antiantibodies must then look a bit like—or have characteristics of—the original antigen. Jerne suggested that these internal images help healthy individuals build powerful and self-regulating immune sys ...
... Antigens are recognized by antibodies that are recognized by antiantibodies and so on. And those antiantibodies must then look a bit like—or have characteristics of—the original antigen. Jerne suggested that these internal images help healthy individuals build powerful and self-regulating immune sys ...
Mast Cells in Autoimmune Disease - Direct-MS
... Bullous pemphigoid seems to present a situation that is highly similar to the one that unfolds in K/BxN mice. This autoimmune skin disease is characterized by subepidermal blisters resulting from auto-antibodies against two hemidesmosomal antigens, BP230 and BP180 (ref. 39). The key features of the ...
... Bullous pemphigoid seems to present a situation that is highly similar to the one that unfolds in K/BxN mice. This autoimmune skin disease is characterized by subepidermal blisters resulting from auto-antibodies against two hemidesmosomal antigens, BP230 and BP180 (ref. 39). The key features of the ...
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide 27
... Although the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in the regulation of several immune responses, its target receptors and signaling mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated in immune cells. In this study, we found that PACAP27, but not PACAP38 ...
... Although the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been implicated in the regulation of several immune responses, its target receptors and signaling mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated in immune cells. In this study, we found that PACAP27, but not PACAP38 ...
A population of atypical CD56вˆ`CD16+ natural killer cells is
... progenitors along with B and T cells, and mature in lymphoid tissues (spleen, bone marrow, tonsil) to express a diverse array of activating and inhibitory receptors (Campbell and Hasegawa, 2013; Farag et al., 2002; Vivier et al., 2011). NK cells can react very quickly upon stimulation, faster than T ...
... progenitors along with B and T cells, and mature in lymphoid tissues (spleen, bone marrow, tonsil) to express a diverse array of activating and inhibitory receptors (Campbell and Hasegawa, 2013; Farag et al., 2002; Vivier et al., 2011). NK cells can react very quickly upon stimulation, faster than T ...
Recognition of measles virus-infected cells by CD8MT cells
... infection did not influence the activity of influenza A virusspecific CTL (data not shown) and co-infection did not lead to enhanced recognition of MV by CTL (data not shown). Sometimes, faulty recognition of target cells due to an inhibitory effect of a virus on antigen processing can be overcome b ...
... infection did not influence the activity of influenza A virusspecific CTL (data not shown) and co-infection did not lead to enhanced recognition of MV by CTL (data not shown). Sometimes, faulty recognition of target cells due to an inhibitory effect of a virus on antigen processing can be overcome b ...
Growth factors as survival factors
... rat liver after removal of tumour promoters(l]), in keratinocytes after UV irradiation(12)and in neuronal cells following glutamate treatment(13). Because apoptotic cells are rapidly, and specifically, engulfed in vivo by neighbouring cells(14)in order to keep cell debris to a minimum and to allow s ...
... rat liver after removal of tumour promoters(l]), in keratinocytes after UV irradiation(12)and in neuronal cells following glutamate treatment(13). Because apoptotic cells are rapidly, and specifically, engulfed in vivo by neighbouring cells(14)in order to keep cell debris to a minimum and to allow s ...
Common Mechanisms
... Now, remember from the Occam’s Razor, what was unique about Paul Auwaerter was that he claimed on his webpage to have expertise in 2 areas: Lyme and EBV. Curious enough. Auwaerter insists the Cabal is right, and that Lyme is only an autoimmune bad knee and that the post-sepsis Lyme outcome is due to ...
... Now, remember from the Occam’s Razor, what was unique about Paul Auwaerter was that he claimed on his webpage to have expertise in 2 areas: Lyme and EBV. Curious enough. Auwaerter insists the Cabal is right, and that Lyme is only an autoimmune bad knee and that the post-sepsis Lyme outcome is due to ...
Microglial Phagocytosis of FibrillarЯ
... Stimulation of microglia resulted in both an increase in the fraction of phagocytic cells and the efficiency of uptake of microspheres (Fig. 1 E, F ). Phagocytic efficiency is defined as the weighted average of microspheres ingested per stimulus, as described in Materials and Methods. Figure 4. fA ...
... Stimulation of microglia resulted in both an increase in the fraction of phagocytic cells and the efficiency of uptake of microspheres (Fig. 1 E, F ). Phagocytic efficiency is defined as the weighted average of microspheres ingested per stimulus, as described in Materials and Methods. Figure 4. fA ...
Additional file 2 Virological and immunological responses to
... EFV. Estimates of the relative effect of therapy are 0.69 (0.55-0.88) with virologic failure defined as the first of two consecutive measurements above 50 copies/ml after at least six months of therapy, or 0.81 (0.62-1.07) if the threshold for failure is raised from 50 to 400 copies/ml. Previous coh ...
... EFV. Estimates of the relative effect of therapy are 0.69 (0.55-0.88) with virologic failure defined as the first of two consecutive measurements above 50 copies/ml after at least six months of therapy, or 0.81 (0.62-1.07) if the threshold for failure is raised from 50 to 400 copies/ml. Previous coh ...
The INFLAMMASOMES Guardians of the Body
... DNFB (dinitrofluorobenzene) shown to promote release IL-1 in caspase-1 dependent manner in DC and keratinocytes. Suggestion that inflammasomes may detect such a compound directy or recognise the danger signals produced by irritants ...
... DNFB (dinitrofluorobenzene) shown to promote release IL-1 in caspase-1 dependent manner in DC and keratinocytes. Suggestion that inflammasomes may detect such a compound directy or recognise the danger signals produced by irritants ...
International Progress In Heart Transplantation and
... • A Third of patients resume smoking after a heart transplant! • Although advances in prevention of rejection allow median survival of 15 years, smokers ...
... • A Third of patients resume smoking after a heart transplant! • Although advances in prevention of rejection allow median survival of 15 years, smokers ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.