International Progress In Heart Transplantation and
... • A Third of patients resume smoking after a heart transplant! • Although advances in prevention of rejection allow median survival of 15 years, smokers ...
... • A Third of patients resume smoking after a heart transplant! • Although advances in prevention of rejection allow median survival of 15 years, smokers ...
Reciprocity between Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells: Relevance to Polarized Immunity in Leprosy
... and clinical manifestation [1]. It is well known that T cell defect is a distinctive feature in lepromatous leprosy (LL) in contrast to that of tuberculoid leprosy (TT) patients. In between these clinical entities lie borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline lepromatous (BL) and borderline borderline ...
... and clinical manifestation [1]. It is well known that T cell defect is a distinctive feature in lepromatous leprosy (LL) in contrast to that of tuberculoid leprosy (TT) patients. In between these clinical entities lie borderline tuberculoid (BT), borderline lepromatous (BL) and borderline borderline ...
Immunology
... The body’s capability to react to antigen depends according to age (of the person), antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented. Once born, a child’s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharies. By 6-9 mont ...
... The body’s capability to react to antigen depends according to age (of the person), antigen type, maternal factors and the area where the antigen is presented. Once born, a child’s immune system responds favorably to protein antigens while not as well to glycoproteins and polysaccharies. By 6-9 mont ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN
... Recently, various publications have reported that whether marginal-zone B cells or follicular B cells are generated is a cell-fate decision of mature B cells that is controlled by signalling through Notch proteins and by the activity of E proteins90,91. In the absence of Notch-2 or RBP-J (Igκ joinin ...
... Recently, various publications have reported that whether marginal-zone B cells or follicular B cells are generated is a cell-fate decision of mature B cells that is controlled by signalling through Notch proteins and by the activity of E proteins90,91. In the absence of Notch-2 or RBP-J (Igκ joinin ...
ECronicon
... aberrations, such as point mutations, amplification, rearrangement and over-expression. Amplification and overexpression are the most common existing types [10]. Apoptotic genes ...
... aberrations, such as point mutations, amplification, rearrangement and over-expression. Amplification and overexpression are the most common existing types [10]. Apoptotic genes ...
Blood
... • Monocytes/macrophages engulf and digest foreign microorganisms, dead or worn-out cells, and other tissue debris. They interact closely with lymphocytes to recognize and destroy foreign substances. • Most ordinary connective tissues contain resident macrophages which normally remain at rest in the ...
... • Monocytes/macrophages engulf and digest foreign microorganisms, dead or worn-out cells, and other tissue debris. They interact closely with lymphocytes to recognize and destroy foreign substances. • Most ordinary connective tissues contain resident macrophages which normally remain at rest in the ...
Regenerating an Immune System: Gene Therapy and Stem Cell
... expressing functional non-autoreactive B-cell receptors (BCR) is initiated, resulting in the generation of mature B-cells with a high affinity for antigen. The majority of genetically characterized abnormalities that result in a lack of mature B-cells involve defective signaling through the pre-BCR ...
... expressing functional non-autoreactive B-cell receptors (BCR) is initiated, resulting in the generation of mature B-cells with a high affinity for antigen. The majority of genetically characterized abnormalities that result in a lack of mature B-cells involve defective signaling through the pre-BCR ...
The Open Nutraceuticals Journal
... non-integrin (DC-SIGN), DC-SIGN related (DC-SIGNR) and the mannose binding lectin (MBL) [2729]. All of these carbohydrate receptors are widely available and are predominantly expressed on the surface of myeloid cells of the monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil lineages. In vitro bioassays were used to ...
... non-integrin (DC-SIGN), DC-SIGN related (DC-SIGNR) and the mannose binding lectin (MBL) [2729]. All of these carbohydrate receptors are widely available and are predominantly expressed on the surface of myeloid cells of the monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil lineages. In vitro bioassays were used to ...
Raulet, D. H. and N. Guerra. 2009. Oncogenic stress sensed by the immune system: role of natural killer cell receptors. Nat Rev Immunol 9:568-580.
... human disease include cervical carcinoma, some lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma. In these instances, the transformed cell may express non-self antigens encoded by the pathogen that can be targeted by B and T cells, in the same way that they might respond during an infection. Other cancers arise by spo ...
... human disease include cervical carcinoma, some lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma. In these instances, the transformed cell may express non-self antigens encoded by the pathogen that can be targeted by B and T cells, in the same way that they might respond during an infection. Other cancers arise by spo ...
1 Bacterial Meningitis
... glyco-conjugates which mimic neuronal adhesion molecules and thus do not trigger an appropriate protective antibody response. This is particularly true for the type B capsule, which fails to elicit a protective antibody response. Host factors which predispose toward meningococcal disease include fac ...
... glyco-conjugates which mimic neuronal adhesion molecules and thus do not trigger an appropriate protective antibody response. This is particularly true for the type B capsule, which fails to elicit a protective antibody response. Host factors which predispose toward meningococcal disease include fac ...
The human T cell immune response to Epstein
... a latent infection of the B lymphocyte pool that results in lifelong persistence. Entry of EBV into B cells is initiated by an interaction between the major viral envelope glycoprotein gp350 and the Blineage-associated C3d complement receptor CR2. Infection of B lymphocytes with EBV results in persi ...
... a latent infection of the B lymphocyte pool that results in lifelong persistence. Entry of EBV into B cells is initiated by an interaction between the major viral envelope glycoprotein gp350 and the Blineage-associated C3d complement receptor CR2. Infection of B lymphocytes with EBV results in persi ...
Canine Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia
... completed by platelets Secondary hemostasis is the stabilization and organization of the blood clot; this is completed by coagulation proteins and is required for a clot to stay intact White blood cells and Red blood cells are the other blood cells; white cells fight infection as part of the imm ...
... completed by platelets Secondary hemostasis is the stabilization and organization of the blood clot; this is completed by coagulation proteins and is required for a clot to stay intact White blood cells and Red blood cells are the other blood cells; white cells fight infection as part of the imm ...
File - wilson science WEBSITE
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Ageing - Meridian Kinesiology
... Melatonin is widely speculated to retard the Aging Process: After its release from the Pineal Gland during the night, Melatonin travels to the Nucleus of all of the body's Cells where it then communicates important regulatory instructions to the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) of the Cell - these instru ...
... Melatonin is widely speculated to retard the Aging Process: After its release from the Pineal Gland during the night, Melatonin travels to the Nucleus of all of the body's Cells where it then communicates important regulatory instructions to the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) of the Cell - these instru ...
Progesterone - Gynae Fertility
... substantial anti-abortive effects *J Szekeres-Bartho et al. The role of g/d T cells in progesterone-mediated immunomodulation during pregnancy: a review. Am J Reprod Immunolo 42(1999) ...
... substantial anti-abortive effects *J Szekeres-Bartho et al. The role of g/d T cells in progesterone-mediated immunomodulation during pregnancy: a review. Am J Reprod Immunolo 42(1999) ...
Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells
... features including a stable cell cycle arrest and upregulation of the NK cell receptor ligands and adhesion molecules that could mediate their interaction with the NK cells.4 Senescent and growing (control) IMR-90 cells were co-cultured with YT cells for 12 h at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 target cell to NK- ...
... features including a stable cell cycle arrest and upregulation of the NK cell receptor ligands and adhesion molecules that could mediate their interaction with the NK cells.4 Senescent and growing (control) IMR-90 cells were co-cultured with YT cells for 12 h at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 target cell to NK- ...
Metabolic checkpoints in activated T cells
... as a direct molecular effector mechanism of this metabolic checkpoint32 (Table 1). In addition to hypoxia, antigen stimulation or TH17polarizing cytokines substantially enhance HIF-1α expression even under conditions of normoxia14. This regulation may be achieved either through a mechanism dependent ...
... as a direct molecular effector mechanism of this metabolic checkpoint32 (Table 1). In addition to hypoxia, antigen stimulation or TH17polarizing cytokines substantially enhance HIF-1α expression even under conditions of normoxia14. This regulation may be achieved either through a mechanism dependent ...
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL REVIEW ON DOWN`S SYNDROME
... responsible for the production of antibodies against parasites and allergens, with other cytokines involved (IL-4, IL-13, etc.). The Th1/Th2 response is balanced, such that the production of antibodies against pathogens is guaranteed by the superior activity of Th1. The production of allergenspecifi ...
... responsible for the production of antibodies against parasites and allergens, with other cytokines involved (IL-4, IL-13, etc.). The Th1/Th2 response is balanced, such that the production of antibodies against pathogens is guaranteed by the superior activity of Th1. The production of allergenspecifi ...
A two-step model of T cell subset commitment: antigen
... stimulated with a mixture of APC from uninfected and Lminfected mice. As shown in Fig. 1(B), addition of a small fraction of Lm-infected APC to uninfected APC rendered T cells to shift to type 1 T cells. The results suggest that the Lm-infected APC render the function of uninfected APC to induce typ ...
... stimulated with a mixture of APC from uninfected and Lminfected mice. As shown in Fig. 1(B), addition of a small fraction of Lm-infected APC to uninfected APC rendered T cells to shift to type 1 T cells. The results suggest that the Lm-infected APC render the function of uninfected APC to induce typ ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.