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Sensing of pathogen-induced F-actin
... As discussed above, F-actin plays pivotal roles in the regulation of cell shape, polarization and cellular trafficking. Many invasive bacterial pathogens have evolved to subvert these functions for their own benefit (Figure 1). This is most often mediated by secreted virulence proteins (invasion pla ...
... As discussed above, F-actin plays pivotal roles in the regulation of cell shape, polarization and cellular trafficking. Many invasive bacterial pathogens have evolved to subvert these functions for their own benefit (Figure 1). This is most often mediated by secreted virulence proteins (invasion pla ...
Genes that Matter™…
... signaling pathway that ultimately leads to B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in BTK disrupt this signaling pathway, arresting B-cell development at the pro-B-cell stage. Patients with XLA typically have normal numbers of pro-B cells in the bone marrow, but these ce ...
... signaling pathway that ultimately leads to B-cell proliferation and differentiation. Loss-of-function mutations in BTK disrupt this signaling pathway, arresting B-cell development at the pro-B-cell stage. Patients with XLA typically have normal numbers of pro-B cells in the bone marrow, but these ce ...
Aalborg Universitet immune cells
... 7]. The Penta- and OctaBDE mixtures have been on the Stockholm convention list since 2009, giving them status as global persistent organic pollutants. However, because of a long life-time of some products, PBDEs will continue to leak from existing products for many years [1]. Ongoing human exposure ...
... 7]. The Penta- and OctaBDE mixtures have been on the Stockholm convention list since 2009, giving them status as global persistent organic pollutants. However, because of a long life-time of some products, PBDEs will continue to leak from existing products for many years [1]. Ongoing human exposure ...
Induction of immune responses in sheep by vaccination with
... sheep. However, such a vaccine is not suitable for humans because of the risk of potential reactivation. Thus, there is a need to develop a modern non-living vaccine with a long shelf life that is effective in farm animals and humans. Such a vaccine should provide, in a single treatment, lifelong pr ...
... sheep. However, such a vaccine is not suitable for humans because of the risk of potential reactivation. Thus, there is a need to develop a modern non-living vaccine with a long shelf life that is effective in farm animals and humans. Such a vaccine should provide, in a single treatment, lifelong pr ...
ASTRAGALUS AND IMMUNITY
... effectiveness of many, if not all, anti-viral medicines. If there is any toxicity or inappropriate use of astragalus it may be with individuals who have transplanted tissue in their bodies. Immunosuppressive drugs that prevent the transplant recipient from rejecting the transplanted foreign organ do ...
... effectiveness of many, if not all, anti-viral medicines. If there is any toxicity or inappropriate use of astragalus it may be with individuals who have transplanted tissue in their bodies. Immunosuppressive drugs that prevent the transplant recipient from rejecting the transplanted foreign organ do ...
ADJUVANTS
... NKT cells and DCs) specially through interaction with PRRs of these cells (TLRs, NLRs, RLRs and C-type lectins ...
... NKT cells and DCs) specially through interaction with PRRs of these cells (TLRs, NLRs, RLRs and C-type lectins ...
Secretion by Human Monocytes Inducers of
... after stimulation (Fig. 2A). This was followed at 4 to 6 h by production of IL-1b (Fig. 2B). IL-10 production could not be detected until 24 h after stimulation (Fig. 2C). Similar to IL-10 production, IFN-g secretion was generally not seen until 24 h (Fig. 2D) and tended to have higher variability a ...
... after stimulation (Fig. 2A). This was followed at 4 to 6 h by production of IL-1b (Fig. 2B). IL-10 production could not be detected until 24 h after stimulation (Fig. 2C). Similar to IL-10 production, IFN-g secretion was generally not seen until 24 h (Fig. 2D) and tended to have higher variability a ...
Nobel Laureates of AAI - The American Association of Immunologists
... (LCMV) from 1973 to 1974, Zinkernagel and Doherty found that virus-killing T lymphocytes taken from one mouse and injected into another could destroy infected cells only if the two mice belonged to the same strain. They discovered that T cells have to identify two kinds of molecules on the cell surf ...
... (LCMV) from 1973 to 1974, Zinkernagel and Doherty found that virus-killing T lymphocytes taken from one mouse and injected into another could destroy infected cells only if the two mice belonged to the same strain. They discovered that T cells have to identify two kinds of molecules on the cell surf ...
Course Objectives / Outline MLAB 1235 Immunology/Serology 1
... Draw a basic antibody molecule and be able to identify the following parts: Heavy chains Light chains Fab portion Fc portion Antigen binding site Disulfide bridges ...
... Draw a basic antibody molecule and be able to identify the following parts: Heavy chains Light chains Fab portion Fc portion Antigen binding site Disulfide bridges ...
Ole_Lund_June_4_2010..
... PVSPAVNQY AYSSWMYSY LAAGWPMGY IVQSCNPRY FLQRTDLSY YTDHQTTPT GTDVVQHQL ...
... PVSPAVNQY AYSSWMYSY LAAGWPMGY IVQSCNPRY FLQRTDLSY YTDHQTTPT GTDVVQHQL ...
Prevention of HBV infections: vaccination and its limitations
... The adaptive immune response to HBV a-HBe a-HBc ...
... The adaptive immune response to HBV a-HBe a-HBc ...
Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 with type 1 diabetes
... GAD 65 stimulation induces cells with a Treg phenotype in GAD-alum treated subjects. FOXP3 expression on CD4+ and CD4+FSChiSSChi cells was significantly enhanced by GAD 65 stimulation in the GAD-alum group (Figure 2A-C), while GAD 65 stimulation did not induce any change compared to resting cells in ...
... GAD 65 stimulation induces cells with a Treg phenotype in GAD-alum treated subjects. FOXP3 expression on CD4+ and CD4+FSChiSSChi cells was significantly enhanced by GAD 65 stimulation in the GAD-alum group (Figure 2A-C), while GAD 65 stimulation did not induce any change compared to resting cells in ...
The Role of Lymphatic Niches in T Cell
... without the need for additional antigen, and this fate was inherited by daughter cells without additional antigenic stimulation. These findings suggest that CD8+ T cell fate may be imparted during early T cell activation through T-APC interactions (Fig. 1B). Although a limited number of factors infl ...
... without the need for additional antigen, and this fate was inherited by daughter cells without additional antigenic stimulation. These findings suggest that CD8+ T cell fate may be imparted during early T cell activation through T-APC interactions (Fig. 1B). Although a limited number of factors infl ...
Sarcoidosis
... • T-helper cells to T-suppressor cells ratio is increased • Exaggerated T-cell activity indicates an altered immune response • Hyper globulinemia • Mass affect of granulomas damages the tissues ...
... • T-helper cells to T-suppressor cells ratio is increased • Exaggerated T-cell activity indicates an altered immune response • Hyper globulinemia • Mass affect of granulomas damages the tissues ...
Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory
... have been shown in other MSCderived tissues as well (Weiss et al., 2008). Interestingly, T lymphocytes are not the only cell type within the immune system on which MSCs have been shown to exert their modulating effects. In culture, MSCs can induce development of CD81 regulatory T cells that can in t ...
... have been shown in other MSCderived tissues as well (Weiss et al., 2008). Interestingly, T lymphocytes are not the only cell type within the immune system on which MSCs have been shown to exert their modulating effects. In culture, MSCs can induce development of CD81 regulatory T cells that can in t ...
Sarcoidosis
... • T-helper cells to T-suppressor cells ratio is increased • Exaggerated T-cell activity indicates an altered immune response • Hyper globulinemia • Mass affect of granulomas damages the tissues ...
... • T-helper cells to T-suppressor cells ratio is increased • Exaggerated T-cell activity indicates an altered immune response • Hyper globulinemia • Mass affect of granulomas damages the tissues ...
Sarcoidosis
... • T-helper cells to T-suppressor cells ratio is increased • Exaggerated T-cell activity indicates an altered immune response • Hyper globulinemia • Mass affect of granulomas damages the tissues ...
... • T-helper cells to T-suppressor cells ratio is increased • Exaggerated T-cell activity indicates an altered immune response • Hyper globulinemia • Mass affect of granulomas damages the tissues ...
Immune regulation by the peripheral lymphatics
... IL-1β, or IFNγ stimulation in vitro, including the selective upregulation of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, in response to stimulation with IFNγ, but not to stimulation with TNFα or IL-1β47. Consistent with the pathogen-specific regulation of CCL20, lymphatic endothelial cell stimulation wit ...
... IL-1β, or IFNγ stimulation in vitro, including the selective upregulation of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, in response to stimulation with IFNγ, but not to stimulation with TNFα or IL-1β47. Consistent with the pathogen-specific regulation of CCL20, lymphatic endothelial cell stimulation wit ...
Mechanisms of CD4 T lymphocyte cell death in human
... lymphocytes, which function as regulators and amplifiers of the immune response. In the absence of effective anti-retroviral therapy, the hallmark decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes during AIDS results in a weakened immune system, impairing the body’s ability to fight infections or certain cancers such ...
... lymphocytes, which function as regulators and amplifiers of the immune response. In the absence of effective anti-retroviral therapy, the hallmark decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes during AIDS results in a weakened immune system, impairing the body’s ability to fight infections or certain cancers such ...
Meningitis_Prince
... molecules and thus do not trigger an appropriate protective antibody response. This is particularly true for the type B capsule, which fails to elicit a protective antibody response. Host factors which predispose toward meningococcal disease include factors which promote bacterial colonization, such ...
... molecules and thus do not trigger an appropriate protective antibody response. This is particularly true for the type B capsule, which fails to elicit a protective antibody response. Host factors which predispose toward meningococcal disease include factors which promote bacterial colonization, such ...
Antibody-Selected Mimics of Hepatitis C Virus Hypervariable Region
... Anna Maria Masci,4 Luigi Racioppi,4 and Enza Piccolella1 An ideal strategy that leads to a vaccine aimed at controlling viral escape may be that of preventing the replication of escape mutants by eliciting a T- and B-cell repertoire directed against many viral variants. The hypervariable region 1 (H ...
... Anna Maria Masci,4 Luigi Racioppi,4 and Enza Piccolella1 An ideal strategy that leads to a vaccine aimed at controlling viral escape may be that of preventing the replication of escape mutants by eliciting a T- and B-cell repertoire directed against many viral variants. The hypervariable region 1 (H ...
Relative Contributions of NK and CD8 T
... CD8 T cells are actively secreting IFN-␥ as early as day 1 postinfection with LM. To show that the IFN-␥ that is produced by the transferred OT-I T cells is indeed the effector molecule responsible for the protection from the LM infection, we used IFN-␥R⫺/⫺ mice as recipients for the transfer of mem ...
... CD8 T cells are actively secreting IFN-␥ as early as day 1 postinfection with LM. To show that the IFN-␥ that is produced by the transferred OT-I T cells is indeed the effector molecule responsible for the protection from the LM infection, we used IFN-␥R⫺/⫺ mice as recipients for the transfer of mem ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.