C UL1, H
... However, large numbers of specific T cells can also be found in peripheral blood during latency periods, reflecting the impact of the virus on the T cell compartment (Reddehase et al., 2002). Transplacental transmission during pregnancy results in congenital HCMV infection that may cause severe neur ...
... However, large numbers of specific T cells can also be found in peripheral blood during latency periods, reflecting the impact of the virus on the T cell compartment (Reddehase et al., 2002). Transplacental transmission during pregnancy results in congenital HCMV infection that may cause severe neur ...
The human spleen after trauma Leemans, Rob
... approximately 8 times more than through all lymph nodes23. The lymphocytes enter the spleen through the arterial bloodstream and migrate to several splenic compartments. T-lymphocytes rapidly enter the central part of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS), while B-lymphocytes persist in more p ...
... approximately 8 times more than through all lymph nodes23. The lymphocytes enter the spleen through the arterial bloodstream and migrate to several splenic compartments. T-lymphocytes rapidly enter the central part of the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS), while B-lymphocytes persist in more p ...
Cassia fistula: A remedy from Traditional Persian Medicine for
... and consequently, corticosteroids sideeffects (Harman et al., 2003). The efficacy of nicotinamide and pimecrolimus 1% as local treatments of pemphigus vulgaris has been studied in two separate trials. Nicotinamide, an antiinflammatory drug in autoimmuneinflammatory diseases, could increase the epith ...
... and consequently, corticosteroids sideeffects (Harman et al., 2003). The efficacy of nicotinamide and pimecrolimus 1% as local treatments of pemphigus vulgaris has been studied in two separate trials. Nicotinamide, an antiinflammatory drug in autoimmuneinflammatory diseases, could increase the epith ...
FULL TEXT - Biology of Sport
... Thus, it has been demonstrated that plasma concentrations of IL-6 increases up to more than 100-fold during prolonged muscular exercise [14]. This increase is followed by the appearance of cytokines inhibitors such as IL-1ra, sTNF- R and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [19]. The augmented IL-6 ...
... Thus, it has been demonstrated that plasma concentrations of IL-6 increases up to more than 100-fold during prolonged muscular exercise [14]. This increase is followed by the appearance of cytokines inhibitors such as IL-1ra, sTNF- R and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [19]. The augmented IL-6 ...
Non‐invasive imaging of allogeneic transplanted skin graft by 131I
... F-FDG is a useful routine biomarker to quantify acute organ rejection and is taken up by activated immune cells because of metabolism of glucose [19–21]. Immunosuppression significantly reduces overall sequestration of glucose tracers, leading to a decrease in 18F-FDG uptake and causing images of th ...
... F-FDG is a useful routine biomarker to quantify acute organ rejection and is taken up by activated immune cells because of metabolism of glucose [19–21]. Immunosuppression significantly reduces overall sequestration of glucose tracers, leading to a decrease in 18F-FDG uptake and causing images of th ...
A - Personal.psu.edu
... that B. parapertussis invaded a human population in which B. pertussis was already endemic, and consequently, had a certain degree of immunity to B. parapertussis due to the antigens shared between it and B. pertussis. Thus, we have hypothesized that it is likely that B. parapertussis utilizes some ...
... that B. parapertussis invaded a human population in which B. pertussis was already endemic, and consequently, had a certain degree of immunity to B. parapertussis due to the antigens shared between it and B. pertussis. Thus, we have hypothesized that it is likely that B. parapertussis utilizes some ...
Characterization of thymic hyperplasia associated with autoimmune
... is observed in the MG thymus. In addition, Poly(I:C) injections in wildtype mice, but not in IFN-I receptor KO 0"1$2&%,$1"."13445&"-1!$3%$&'(50"1&$+,!$%%")-&).&/-AChR and, in parallel, CXCL13 and CCL21 expression. In periphery, Poly(I:C) even induced an anti-AChR autoimmune response characterized by ...
... is observed in the MG thymus. In addition, Poly(I:C) injections in wildtype mice, but not in IFN-I receptor KO 0"1$2&%,$1"."13445&"-1!$3%$&'(50"1&$+,!$%%")-&).&/-AChR and, in parallel, CXCL13 and CCL21 expression. In periphery, Poly(I:C) even induced an anti-AChR autoimmune response characterized by ...
Intracellular NAD+ levels are associated with LPS-induced TNF
... also been shown to mediate the expression of NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, a key enzyme in the NAD + recycling pathway) in activated monocytes and macrophages [8,9]. It is thus clear that NAD + is involved in macrophage proinflammatory responses involving TNF-α. Previous interest i ...
... also been shown to mediate the expression of NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, a key enzyme in the NAD + recycling pathway) in activated monocytes and macrophages [8,9]. It is thus clear that NAD + is involved in macrophage proinflammatory responses involving TNF-α. Previous interest i ...
AP-Chapter-15 - McLaren
... • Your body makes proteins that bind to antigens, eventually destroying them. • These proteins are called antibodies and are one of the most potent weapons of the immune system. • Antibodies are called into action when a foreign antigen invades the body. ...
... • Your body makes proteins that bind to antigens, eventually destroying them. • These proteins are called antibodies and are one of the most potent weapons of the immune system. • Antibodies are called into action when a foreign antigen invades the body. ...
The Role of Antibodies in Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis
... represent more overt expression of mechanisms that occur with more subtlety in RA. Patterns of joints involvement can differ. However, the mechanical stresses on joints in bipeds and quadripeds differ, there is great heterogeneity in joint involvement even within the human disease, and distal periph ...
... represent more overt expression of mechanisms that occur with more subtlety in RA. Patterns of joints involvement can differ. However, the mechanical stresses on joints in bipeds and quadripeds differ, there is great heterogeneity in joint involvement even within the human disease, and distal periph ...
EndoS and SpeB from Streptococcus pyogenes
... (FcR), and complement receptors (CR1 and CR3). In this process, the human host relies on the adaptive immune response that produces opsonizing antibodies directed towards surface-exposed antigens on the microorganism. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is composed of two identical light chains and two ide ...
... (FcR), and complement receptors (CR1 and CR3). In this process, the human host relies on the adaptive immune response that produces opsonizing antibodies directed towards surface-exposed antigens on the microorganism. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is composed of two identical light chains and two ide ...
Parasite resistance and the adaptive significance of sleep The
... mammals spend more time asleep, and particularly in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, when infected with a range of parasitic agents (e.g. influenza [16], Escherichia coli [13], and Candida albicans [13]). Immunomodulatory cytokines – the signalling molecules of the immune system – play a role in ...
... mammals spend more time asleep, and particularly in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, when infected with a range of parasitic agents (e.g. influenza [16], Escherichia coli [13], and Candida albicans [13]). Immunomodulatory cytokines – the signalling molecules of the immune system – play a role in ...
Parasite Resistance and the Adaptive Significance of Sleep
... analyses investigating the evolution of mammalian sleep durations have produced mixed support for these explanations [3-5], leaving the evolutionary significance of mammalian sleep a mystery. A further idea that has yet to be tested is that sleep evolved through the need to augment immune defences a ...
... analyses investigating the evolution of mammalian sleep durations have produced mixed support for these explanations [3-5], leaving the evolutionary significance of mammalian sleep a mystery. A further idea that has yet to be tested is that sleep evolved through the need to augment immune defences a ...
Heat Shock Proteins-an
... Necrotic cell death is an obvious mechanism by which heat shock proteins escape from cells. However, experimental conditions that conclusively demonstrate necrotic cell killing and the biological significance of the released HSP have been difficult to prove. However, Melcher and co-workers demonstra ...
... Necrotic cell death is an obvious mechanism by which heat shock proteins escape from cells. However, experimental conditions that conclusively demonstrate necrotic cell killing and the biological significance of the released HSP have been difficult to prove. However, Melcher and co-workers demonstra ...
Intravital Imaging of the Immune System
... consideration is the expression level and brightness of the fluorescent protein. As a general guideline, if the fluorescence intensity in the cells of interest is >2.5 log units over background by flow cytometry, cells will likely bright enough to be detected by 2P microscopy. Increased laser excita ...
... consideration is the expression level and brightness of the fluorescent protein. As a general guideline, if the fluorescence intensity in the cells of interest is >2.5 log units over background by flow cytometry, cells will likely bright enough to be detected by 2P microscopy. Increased laser excita ...
The Role of Interleukin-6 in the Febrile Response Namik Hamzic
... separated from hyperthermia that occurs when the body is overwhelmed by excessive external heating without being the consequence of an elevated set-point. Fever is a highly conserved response and is nowadays among the most common reasons for people to ask for medical care. Whether fever is harmful o ...
... separated from hyperthermia that occurs when the body is overwhelmed by excessive external heating without being the consequence of an elevated set-point. Fever is a highly conserved response and is nowadays among the most common reasons for people to ask for medical care. Whether fever is harmful o ...
Monocytes + CD11c + Human CD14 Single
... Since IL-12 is considered to play a critical role in CpG-mediated efficacy in vivo, there is room to improve and/or modify such humanized CpG-based immunotherapeutic nucleic acids. dsRNA, such as that found during intermediate stages of viral infection, is recognized by the innate immune system thro ...
... Since IL-12 is considered to play a critical role in CpG-mediated efficacy in vivo, there is room to improve and/or modify such humanized CpG-based immunotherapeutic nucleic acids. dsRNA, such as that found during intermediate stages of viral infection, is recognized by the innate immune system thro ...
Pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of anaemia
... microcirculation or in large vessels. Finally, increased RBC destruction is observed in patients with enlarged spleen (hypersplenism). 1.2.1 Immune haemolytic anaemias These result from the presence of antibodies targeting one or more of the numerous RBC membrane antigens. This condition is frequent ...
... microcirculation or in large vessels. Finally, increased RBC destruction is observed in patients with enlarged spleen (hypersplenism). 1.2.1 Immune haemolytic anaemias These result from the presence of antibodies targeting one or more of the numerous RBC membrane antigens. This condition is frequent ...
Pathophysiology - The Carter Center
... Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices include ...
... Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices include ...
Characteristics of Peptide
... tightly linked genes that encode class I/II proteins associated with intercellular recognition and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. MHC genes are polymorphic in that there are large numbers of alleles for each gene, and they are polygenic in that there are a number of different MHC genes. Clas ...
... tightly linked genes that encode class I/II proteins associated with intercellular recognition and antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. MHC genes are polymorphic in that there are large numbers of alleles for each gene, and they are polygenic in that there are a number of different MHC genes. Clas ...
universidad de córdoba facultad de veterinaria
... antibodies (Abs) and escape the host immune response (Donis, 1995). BVDV has been classified into two different genotypes, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, based on genetic differences (Ridpath et al., 1994; Heinz et al., 2000; Fulton et al., 2003a). BVDV-1 includes the most common isolates on herds. This genotyp ...
... antibodies (Abs) and escape the host immune response (Donis, 1995). BVDV has been classified into two different genotypes, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, based on genetic differences (Ridpath et al., 1994; Heinz et al., 2000; Fulton et al., 2003a). BVDV-1 includes the most common isolates on herds. This genotyp ...
Vaginal microbiota and its role in HIV transmission and infection
... infection and transmission. On the other hand, HIV infections are often characterized by a disturbed vaginal microbiota. The endogenous vaginal microbiota may protect against HIV by direct production of antiviral compounds, through blocking of adhesion and transmission by ligands such as lectins, an ...
... infection and transmission. On the other hand, HIV infections are often characterized by a disturbed vaginal microbiota. The endogenous vaginal microbiota may protect against HIV by direct production of antiviral compounds, through blocking of adhesion and transmission by ligands such as lectins, an ...
Full text - Universiteit Leiden
... towards a phenotype that initiates a defense response. Most cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and high blood pressure, activate the molecular machinery in the endothelium, resulting in the expression of chemokines, cytokines and adhesion molecules designed to interact with leukocytes and ...
... towards a phenotype that initiates a defense response. Most cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and high blood pressure, activate the molecular machinery in the endothelium, resulting in the expression of chemokines, cytokines and adhesion molecules designed to interact with leukocytes and ...
Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine
... SD: Standard deviation Siglec: Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin SIRP-α: signal regulatory protein α, also known as CD172 SLO: Secondary lymphoid organs TfR: Transferrin receptor TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β Th 1: Type 1 T helper cell TLRs: Toll-like receptors TNF: Tumour necrosi ...
... SD: Standard deviation Siglec: Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectin SIRP-α: signal regulatory protein α, also known as CD172 SLO: Secondary lymphoid organs TfR: Transferrin receptor TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β Th 1: Type 1 T helper cell TLRs: Toll-like receptors TNF: Tumour necrosi ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.