Mast Cells in Autoimmune Disease - Direct-MS
... and differential properties of cytokines and chemokines, and to the connective substratum through the extracellular proteases. (This is an oversimplification, however, because there is crosstalk between the different mediators and pathways, for example, in the immunomodulatory properties of prostagl ...
... and differential properties of cytokines and chemokines, and to the connective substratum through the extracellular proteases. (This is an oversimplification, however, because there is crosstalk between the different mediators and pathways, for example, in the immunomodulatory properties of prostagl ...
Cytokines
... At what concentration? How long will it be around? Is it being modified by other proteins? Activated? Degraded? What other cytokines are being made? Do they affect the first cytokine? Do they activate or inhibit the first cytokine? Is the cytokine receptor available on the target cell or cells? Is t ...
... At what concentration? How long will it be around? Is it being modified by other proteins? Activated? Degraded? What other cytokines are being made? Do they affect the first cytokine? Do they activate or inhibit the first cytokine? Is the cytokine receptor available on the target cell or cells? Is t ...
Trogocytic intercellular membrane exchanges among hematological
... it is under the control of polymorphism and microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia and cytokines, and miRNA such as MiR148a and MiR152 (for review, see [14,15]). HLA-G is exclusively immune-inhibitory. Under its membrane-bound and soluble forms, it is able to inhibit NK cells and cytotoxic T ly ...
... it is under the control of polymorphism and microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia and cytokines, and miRNA such as MiR148a and MiR152 (for review, see [14,15]). HLA-G is exclusively immune-inhibitory. Under its membrane-bound and soluble forms, it is able to inhibit NK cells and cytotoxic T ly ...
α and L-selectin, but not CD103 or CD34, are IL-7R
... constitutively expressed on leukocytes and involved in neutrophil extravasation [12], lymphocyte rolling and migration into lymph nodes [13] and pathology associated with T cell-mediated inflammation in a number of disease models [14,15]. CD34 is widely used as a clinical marker for the enrichment o ...
... constitutively expressed on leukocytes and involved in neutrophil extravasation [12], lymphocyte rolling and migration into lymph nodes [13] and pathology associated with T cell-mediated inflammation in a number of disease models [14,15]. CD34 is widely used as a clinical marker for the enrichment o ...
Antiviral activity of Engystol® and Gripp-Heel®: an in
... virus, rhinovirus and coxsackievirus [6,7]. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated that Engystol® exerts modulatory effects on the immune system in terms of phagocytic activity, granulocyte function and improved humoral response [8-13]. However, the research conducted on this topic so far falls sh ...
... virus, rhinovirus and coxsackievirus [6,7]. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated that Engystol® exerts modulatory effects on the immune system in terms of phagocytic activity, granulocyte function and improved humoral response [8-13]. However, the research conducted on this topic so far falls sh ...
Immune Health - Naturally - Professional Complementary Health
... exposed to solar radiation, is a hormone that regulates hundreds of genes including some involving the body’s defenses against infection, especially those affecting the respiratory system. After it is consumed in the diet or synthesized in the epidermis, vitamin D enters the circulatory system and i ...
... exposed to solar radiation, is a hormone that regulates hundreds of genes including some involving the body’s defenses against infection, especially those affecting the respiratory system. After it is consumed in the diet or synthesized in the epidermis, vitamin D enters the circulatory system and i ...
Ectopic lymphoid-like structures in infection, cancer and autoimmunity
... lymphoid organs (SLOs)7,8 (TABLE 1). The spatial organization of leukocytes into defined, compartmentalized B cellrich and T cell-rich zones is termed lymphoid neogenesis. These structures direct various B cell and T cell responses, including the induction of effector functions, antibody generation, ...
... lymphoid organs (SLOs)7,8 (TABLE 1). The spatial organization of leukocytes into defined, compartmentalized B cellrich and T cell-rich zones is termed lymphoid neogenesis. These structures direct various B cell and T cell responses, including the induction of effector functions, antibody generation, ...
A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks
... tem identifies non-self states and upon identification of a non-self the cause must be contained. This can only be achieved upon reconfiguration of the device and performing test patterns at a low level. The process used hand selection in order to pick a detector set. In [2] they have used negative ...
... tem identifies non-self states and upon identification of a non-self the cause must be contained. This can only be achieved upon reconfiguration of the device and performing test patterns at a low level. The process used hand selection in order to pick a detector set. In [2] they have used negative ...
Immunological and antimicrobial molecules in human tears: a
... classes: humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In cellmediated immunity T-cells are activated by the exposure of an antigen (Ag) to Ag presenting cells such as monocytes, macrophages and B-cells. The T-cells can form complexes with other cells carrying the same Ag (virus-infected cells) and then initi ...
... classes: humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In cellmediated immunity T-cells are activated by the exposure of an antigen (Ag) to Ag presenting cells such as monocytes, macrophages and B-cells. The T-cells can form complexes with other cells carrying the same Ag (virus-infected cells) and then initi ...
Intertwined pathways of programmed cell death in immunity
... One of the most phylogenetically distant (from us) eukaryotes is Dictyostellium discoideum, a soil ameba that multiplies as a unicellular organism in nutrient abundance. In nutrient-deficient conditions, it undergoes cellular differentiation and morphogenesis to form a multicellular slug-like struct ...
... One of the most phylogenetically distant (from us) eukaryotes is Dictyostellium discoideum, a soil ameba that multiplies as a unicellular organism in nutrient abundance. In nutrient-deficient conditions, it undergoes cellular differentiation and morphogenesis to form a multicellular slug-like struct ...
Judging a virus by its cover - Journal of Clinical Investigation
... some viral infections but very slowly in others. In a new study, surface glycoproteins (the targets of neutralization) of 2 different viruses were genetically switched. Analysis of the neutralizing antibody response to each of the 2 parent and recombinant viruses in infected mice revealed that the s ...
... some viral infections but very slowly in others. In a new study, surface glycoproteins (the targets of neutralization) of 2 different viruses were genetically switched. Analysis of the neutralizing antibody response to each of the 2 parent and recombinant viruses in infected mice revealed that the s ...
the emergence of immuno-oncology in clinical cancer research
... area as new pathways, combinations, and suppressors are being discovered, targeted, and investigated. Over the past three years, PAREXEL has managed over 600 clinical trials in oncology, of which nearly 20% are in the field of immuno-oncology (Figure 1). PAREXEL has extensive experience with most of ...
... area as new pathways, combinations, and suppressors are being discovered, targeted, and investigated. Over the past three years, PAREXEL has managed over 600 clinical trials in oncology, of which nearly 20% are in the field of immuno-oncology (Figure 1). PAREXEL has extensive experience with most of ...
The role of glucose and lipid metabolism in the
... are widely and abundantly expressed in the body, although Glut4 is preferentially expressed in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and WAT. Glut1 and Glut3 are the predominant isoforms on lymphocytes but Glut1 has attracted more attention in T cell biology because it is more abundantly ...
... are widely and abundantly expressed in the body, although Glut4 is preferentially expressed in insulin sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle and WAT. Glut1 and Glut3 are the predominant isoforms on lymphocytes but Glut1 has attracted more attention in T cell biology because it is more abundantly ...
Table 1. Strategies and mechanisms of survival of Leishmania
... GIPL, glycoinositolphospholipids; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2); LPG, lipophosphoglycan; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TGF-, transforming growth factor ; APC’s, antigen presenting cells; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase ...
... GIPL, glycoinositolphospholipids; IL, interleukin; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2); LPG, lipophosphoglycan; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; TGF-, transforming growth factor ; APC’s, antigen presenting cells; IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase ...
Gene Expression Measurement of Immuno
... A homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells ...
... A homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells ...
Mediator of Breast Cancer Progression Thymic Stromal
... ancer progression and metastasis is a multifaceted process that involves inflammation and the active participation of immune cells, such as myeloid suppressive cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) (1–3). For example, in the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1 cancer model, which represents a hig ...
... ancer progression and metastasis is a multifaceted process that involves inflammation and the active participation of immune cells, such as myeloid suppressive cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) (1–3). For example, in the mouse mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1 cancer model, which represents a hig ...
Immunomodulatory effects of low dose chemotherapy and
... directed to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches, allowing the immune system to be able to specifically respond against cancer [6, 47]. Dendritic cells (DCs), the main antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, can also be influenced by chemotherapeutic agents. The dying tumor ...
... directed to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches, allowing the immune system to be able to specifically respond against cancer [6, 47]. Dendritic cells (DCs), the main antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system, can also be influenced by chemotherapeutic agents. The dying tumor ...
The Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Role in Immune Privilege in the
... also found to be located at the intercellular borders of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which suggests that CD99 may be present in endothelial junctions (30). Whether this molecule is also present in endothelial cell junctions along the brain microvasculature remains to be established. In a ...
... also found to be located at the intercellular borders of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, which suggests that CD99 may be present in endothelial junctions (30). Whether this molecule is also present in endothelial cell junctions along the brain microvasculature remains to be established. In a ...
accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE2/2 mice
... (Tregs) in hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE2/2 mice. Methods and results apoE2/2 mice were fed normal mouse chow supplemented with or without a high level of homocysteine (Hcy) (1.8 g/L) in drinking water for 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesion area was slightly ...
... (Tregs) in hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis in apoE2/2 mice. Methods and results apoE2/2 mice were fed normal mouse chow supplemented with or without a high level of homocysteine (Hcy) (1.8 g/L) in drinking water for 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesion area was slightly ...
Nonmalignant Leukocyte Disorders - Cal State LA
... Plasma cells are rarely seen in the peripheral blood, but they may be found under conditions of intense immune stimulation Lymphocytopenia – caused by stress, drugs, irradiation, and some diseases ...
... Plasma cells are rarely seen in the peripheral blood, but they may be found under conditions of intense immune stimulation Lymphocytopenia – caused by stress, drugs, irradiation, and some diseases ...
Interferon-gamma deficiency prevents coronary arteriosclerosis but
... teriopathy remain conjectural, they presumably involve multiple factors. For example, immunological differences between host and donor tissues (with resultant cellular and/or humoral immunity) probably contribute to the pathogenesis, although ischemic, infectious, and other etiologies have also been ...
... teriopathy remain conjectural, they presumably involve multiple factors. For example, immunological differences between host and donor tissues (with resultant cellular and/or humoral immunity) probably contribute to the pathogenesis, although ischemic, infectious, and other etiologies have also been ...
Comprehensive analyses of tumor immunity: implications for cancer
... Results: We analyze tumor-infiltrating immune cells in over 10,000 RNA-seq samples across 23 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our computationally inferred immune infiltrates associate much more strongly with patient clinical features, viral infection status, and cancer genetic alter ...
... Results: We analyze tumor-infiltrating immune cells in over 10,000 RNA-seq samples across 23 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our computationally inferred immune infiltrates associate much more strongly with patient clinical features, viral infection status, and cancer genetic alter ...
... protects against toxic effects of proteolytic enzymes released by phagocytic cells (27). Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are effector molecules of innate immunity with direct or indirect antimicrobial effects against bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. In humans and other mammals, two main families ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.