Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection REVI E W Open Access
... effects might arise when interfering with the PD-1 pathway [19,20,26]. Accumulating evidence shows that HIVand SIV-specific CTLs express high levels of PD-1, which contributes to the impaired proliferative T-cell responses [21,27,28]. The control of viral load in HIV and SIV infections correlates wi ...
... effects might arise when interfering with the PD-1 pathway [19,20,26]. Accumulating evidence shows that HIVand SIV-specific CTLs express high levels of PD-1, which contributes to the impaired proliferative T-cell responses [21,27,28]. The control of viral load in HIV and SIV infections correlates wi ...
Phagocytosis and Encapsulation: Cellular Immune Responses in
... (e.g., the glycosyl transferases of Roseman, characteristics, and bind to hemocytes by 1974, and Parish, 1977). Such highly spe- cytophilic groups. cific factors may come into play in secondThe fact remains, though, that arthroary reactions, or in special cases, as we shall podan hemolymph does cont ...
... (e.g., the glycosyl transferases of Roseman, characteristics, and bind to hemocytes by 1974, and Parish, 1977). Such highly spe- cytophilic groups. cific factors may come into play in secondThe fact remains, though, that arthroary reactions, or in special cases, as we shall podan hemolymph does cont ...
viSNE enables visualization of high dimensional single
... viSNE to map healthy and cancerous bone marrow samples. Healthy bone marrow automatically maps into a consistent shape, whereas leukemia samples map into malformed shapes that are distinct from healthy bone marrow and from each other. We also use viSNE and mass cytometry to compare leukemia diagnosi ...
... viSNE to map healthy and cancerous bone marrow samples. Healthy bone marrow automatically maps into a consistent shape, whereas leukemia samples map into malformed shapes that are distinct from healthy bone marrow and from each other. We also use viSNE and mass cytometry to compare leukemia diagnosi ...
GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS: A REVIEW
... vitally infected target cells. Thus, the cell ...
... vitally infected target cells. Thus, the cell ...
The NLRP12 Sensor Negatively Regulates Autoinflammatory
... signaling, and multiple NLRs have been identified as critically involved in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, the ability of NLRs to modulate T cell responses and how NLR-dependent control of T cells influences autoinflammatory disease pr ...
... signaling, and multiple NLRs have been identified as critically involved in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production by antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, the ability of NLRs to modulate T cell responses and how NLR-dependent control of T cells influences autoinflammatory disease pr ...
Interaction between tumour-infiltrating B cells and T cells controls
... shown to play a critical role in controlling tumour progression.3 Studies in many human cancers, including HCC, demonstrated a positive correlation between the density of T cells and better patient prognosis.4 On the other hand, the involvement of B cells in cancer development and progression is rat ...
... shown to play a critical role in controlling tumour progression.3 Studies in many human cancers, including HCC, demonstrated a positive correlation between the density of T cells and better patient prognosis.4 On the other hand, the involvement of B cells in cancer development and progression is rat ...
Linköping University Post Print Gene expression profiling of human decidual
... Background: Although uterine macrophages are thought to play an important regulatory role at the maternal-fetal interface, their global gene expression profile is not known. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using micro-array comprising approximately 14,000 genes, the gene expression pattern of human ...
... Background: Although uterine macrophages are thought to play an important regulatory role at the maternal-fetal interface, their global gene expression profile is not known. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using micro-array comprising approximately 14,000 genes, the gene expression pattern of human ...
Human breast cancer cells enhance self tolerance by promoting
... Innate Pharma, a biopharmaceutical company, and Alessandro Moretta is a founder of and a shareholder in Innate Pharma. Citation for this article: J Clin Invest. 2011;121(9):3609–3622. doi:10.1172/JCI45816. ...
... Innate Pharma, a biopharmaceutical company, and Alessandro Moretta is a founder of and a shareholder in Innate Pharma. Citation for this article: J Clin Invest. 2011;121(9):3609–3622. doi:10.1172/JCI45816. ...
Improvement of Power Quality in Electric ship power system Using
... Now, in order to find out the optimum DSTATCOM controller parameters with the help of PSO, the four parameters (Kpv = proportional gain of the voltage ...
... Now, in order to find out the optimum DSTATCOM controller parameters with the help of PSO, the four parameters (Kpv = proportional gain of the voltage ...
Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in
... The objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole wheat feeding on selected parameters of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in growing turkeys. A total of 210 one-day-old heavy-type Hybrid Converter male turkeys were randomly divided into three different dietary treatment groups, eac ...
... The objective of this study was to determine the effect of whole wheat feeding on selected parameters of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in growing turkeys. A total of 210 one-day-old heavy-type Hybrid Converter male turkeys were randomly divided into three different dietary treatment groups, eac ...
Different Subsets of T Cells, Memory, Effector Functions, and
... Cellular immunotherapy, such as CAR-T, a therapy with T cells expressing antibody-based chimeric antigen receptor targeting tumor antigen, is an effective therapy against different types of hematological malignancies and also against solid cancers [1,2]. CAR-T (initially called a T body), meaning a ...
... Cellular immunotherapy, such as CAR-T, a therapy with T cells expressing antibody-based chimeric antigen receptor targeting tumor antigen, is an effective therapy against different types of hematological malignancies and also against solid cancers [1,2]. CAR-T (initially called a T body), meaning a ...
Animal Models to Study Adult Stem Cell-derived, In Vitro
... islet cell-like clusters. The mouse IPSC/IPC cultures have been maintained up to 3 yr through constant expansion via repeated serial transfers. Each subculture exhibited the ability to produce increasing numbers of islet-like structures. Based on the number of these immature islets produced within t ...
... islet cell-like clusters. The mouse IPSC/IPC cultures have been maintained up to 3 yr through constant expansion via repeated serial transfers. Each subculture exhibited the ability to produce increasing numbers of islet-like structures. Based on the number of these immature islets produced within t ...
Post-traumatic stress disorder - Resurrecting Lives Foundation
... Sympathetic fibers descend from the brain to the bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph node tissues.2,3 These fibers may be transmitters of stress-related signals early in trauma response and may be potential mediators of the initial effects of adrenergic and glucocorticoid responses to trauma. They m ...
... Sympathetic fibers descend from the brain to the bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph node tissues.2,3 These fibers may be transmitters of stress-related signals early in trauma response and may be potential mediators of the initial effects of adrenergic and glucocorticoid responses to trauma. They m ...
Poly I: C-activated dendritic cells that were generated in CellGro for
... this study, we tested the characteristics of DCs generated in two clinical grade culture media and activated by three maturation stimuli, Poly I: C, LPS and the mixture of proinflammatory cytokines in order to identify the optimal combination of culture media and activation stimulus for the clinical ...
... this study, we tested the characteristics of DCs generated in two clinical grade culture media and activated by three maturation stimuli, Poly I: C, LPS and the mixture of proinflammatory cytokines in order to identify the optimal combination of culture media and activation stimulus for the clinical ...
Article
... represents the only natural ligand reported for Tim-1 (Meyers et al., 2005a). The Tim-1-Tim-4 pathway appears to positively regulate CD4+ T cell activity, as indicated by the fact that an agonistic monoclonal anti-Tim-1 and Tim-4.Ig fusion protein stimulate both T cell proliferation and cytokine pro ...
... represents the only natural ligand reported for Tim-1 (Meyers et al., 2005a). The Tim-1-Tim-4 pathway appears to positively regulate CD4+ T cell activity, as indicated by the fact that an agonistic monoclonal anti-Tim-1 and Tim-4.Ig fusion protein stimulate both T cell proliferation and cytokine pro ...
2015 Immunology Whitebook - Dalhousie Medical School
... called “growth factors”. These factors belong to the “cytokine” family (see Chapter 6). Growth factors cause the development of progenitor cells in each line from the pluripotent stem cells. A progenitor cell is a committed cell, meaning that it is committed to that line of cell growth. (An eosinoph ...
... called “growth factors”. These factors belong to the “cytokine” family (see Chapter 6). Growth factors cause the development of progenitor cells in each line from the pluripotent stem cells. A progenitor cell is a committed cell, meaning that it is committed to that line of cell growth. (An eosinoph ...
Stem Cells EBC
... as interleukins and interferons) control all phases of maturation, development, antigen commitment, proliferation and cytotoxic activity of the various T cells. ...
... as interleukins and interferons) control all phases of maturation, development, antigen commitment, proliferation and cytotoxic activity of the various T cells. ...
Lesson 64. Auto Immunity and auto immune diseases
... The autoimmune diseases can be divided into systemic, localized and haemolytic disorders, depending on tissue/cells affected and the clinico-pathologic features 64.3.1 Systemic autoimmune diseases These diseases are associated with auto antibodies to antigens which are not tissue specific. One examp ...
... The autoimmune diseases can be divided into systemic, localized and haemolytic disorders, depending on tissue/cells affected and the clinico-pathologic features 64.3.1 Systemic autoimmune diseases These diseases are associated with auto antibodies to antigens which are not tissue specific. One examp ...
Mutation and Control of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
... Tens of millions of people have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since it was first recognized in the early 1980s, and more than 20 million have died from ensuing disease [1]. The virus attacks CD4-presenting cells – helper T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mic ...
... Tens of millions of people have been infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since it was first recognized in the early 1980s, and more than 20 million have died from ensuing disease [1]. The virus attacks CD4-presenting cells – helper T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mic ...
Golli Protein Negatively Regulates Store Depletion
... classic MBPs and golli-MBPs, as shown in Figure S1; see the Supplemental Data available with this article online). Classic MBPs serve as major structural protein constituents of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The second family of proteins encoded by the mbp gene consists of th ...
... classic MBPs and golli-MBPs, as shown in Figure S1; see the Supplemental Data available with this article online). Classic MBPs serve as major structural protein constituents of myelin in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The second family of proteins encoded by the mbp gene consists of th ...
Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus
... • Genetic (SLE in families, histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3 ) ...
... • Genetic (SLE in families, histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3 ) ...
English Summary
... cancer compared to people that live in western countries 69. Although clinical trials until now have failed to demonstrate that high-fiber consumption protects against colorectal cancer, a protective effect may have been missed, as these trials were only performed in high-risk populations 64. Clinical ...
... cancer compared to people that live in western countries 69. Although clinical trials until now have failed to demonstrate that high-fiber consumption protects against colorectal cancer, a protective effect may have been missed, as these trials were only performed in high-risk populations 64. Clinical ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Antigens (Nonself) Any substance capable of activating the immune system response Examples Foreign proteins, large carbohydrates Haptens - small molecules that bind to our proteins and become antigenic Pollen grains, microorganisms MHC - Major Histocompatibility Complex are cell surface ...
... Antigens (Nonself) Any substance capable of activating the immune system response Examples Foreign proteins, large carbohydrates Haptens - small molecules that bind to our proteins and become antigenic Pollen grains, microorganisms MHC - Major Histocompatibility Complex are cell surface ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.