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Trogocytic intercellular membrane exchanges among hematological
Trogocytic intercellular membrane exchanges among hematological

... its expression when that of classical HLA-class-I molecules is downregulated. This is particularly evident in trophoblast cells, but also occurs in tumor cells. Thus, HLA-G expression by malignant cells may prevent tumor immune eradication by inhibiting the activity of tumor infiltrating NK, cytotox ...
t The Immune System in the Oldest-Old Clinical and Immunological Studies in
t The Immune System in the Oldest-Old Clinical and Immunological Studies in

... high age, sometimes referred to as “immunosenescence”. However, the natures of these changes, and in particular, their clinical consequences are incompletely understood. In a previous longitudinal study, a set of immune parameters were identified and termed immune risk phenotype (IRP) because of an ...
Penetration of Stratified Mucosa Cytolysins Augment Superantigen
Penetration of Stratified Mucosa Cytolysins Augment Superantigen

... doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803283 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/182/4/2364 ...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in

Apoptosis of Effector Th2 Cells in the Lung through the Inhibition of
Apoptosis of Effector Th2 Cells in the Lung through the Inhibition of

... to disease (21, 22). Caution in interpretation of the results of the studies in mice is necessary, and knowledge and limitations of the various approaches used are essential (23). The majority of mouse models are acute and so do not address the permanent airway remodeling seen in chronic asthmatics. ...
Nuclear calcium is required for human T cell activation
Nuclear calcium is required for human T cell activation

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Therapeutic Applications in

... and may carry the genetic abnormalities inherited or acquired by the donor. At least three different strategies are available for proper use of stem cells. The first one is stimulation of endogenous stem cells by growth factors, cytokines, and second messengers, which must be able to induce tissue s ...
PPT - uOttawa
PPT - uOttawa

Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular
Perturbation of gut bacteria induces a coordinated cellular

... Supplementary Table S1). To further delineate these cells, we characterize the expression of cell type-specific immune gene markers (Figure 2). The morphological and transcriptional characteristics of these cell types are outlined below. Pigment cells. Pigment cells are red, granular, mesenchymal cel ...
Bone Marrow Transplant
Bone Marrow Transplant

... Bone marrow transplant may be used to treat deficiencies in the blood such as those caused by leukemia or aplastic anemia, but it can also be used to replace a damaged or failing immune system. Testing prior to BMT can help determine how well the donor’s marrow will genetically match the patient’s, ...
Differences in Participation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity to
Differences in Participation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity to

... time of gestation [13]. However, whether this response is specific for RSV was not clearly shown. As an initial phase of studies establishing the course of development of the immune response to RSV in early life, we report here a comparison of the responses to RSV stimulation of mononuclear cells (M ...
download--no narration
download--no narration

... by clicking on the “View” menu and selecting “Slide Sorter.” • To print out the presentation, click on the “File” menu, “Print.” Then under “Print What”, select “Handouts” and Print 3, 4 or 6 slides per page to save paper and printer ink. Otherwise each slide will print on its own page • Remember th ...
On the intra-host dynamics of HIV
On the intra-host dynamics of HIV

Borrelia burgdorferi NapA-driven Th17 cell inflammation in lyme
Borrelia burgdorferi NapA-driven Th17 cell inflammation in lyme

... The host immune response to B burgdorferi influences the clinical outcome of the infection. T lymphocytes, particularly interferon-␥ (IFN␥)–secreting Th1 cells, have been proposed to play a central role in Lyme arthritis (8–10). However, in mice, Th1 cells have been shown not to be essential in the ...
Enhancement of Epithelial Barrier Function by Probiotics
Enhancement of Epithelial Barrier Function by Probiotics

... the host. Several strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are able to compete with pathogens for binding to intestinal epithelial cells, and can displace pathogens. Epithelial cell signalling pathways are stimulated by whole microbes, structural components, and microbial-produced metabolites. I ...
Type Specific and Type Common Antigens in Cells Infected with
Type Specific and Type Common Antigens in Cells Infected with

O MHC - Fernando Pessoa University
O MHC - Fernando Pessoa University

... • T cells can only be activated by interaction between the antigen receptor and peptide antigen in an MHC molecule • Without T cells there can be no effective immune response • There is strong selective pressure on pathogens to evade the immune response • The MHC has evolved two strategies to preven ...
3d bio-printing - Ulster Institutional Repository
3d bio-printing - Ulster Institutional Repository

... backbone of preclinical studies. However, as discussed earlier, basic molecular, physiological and pathophysiological differences between the species lead to the likelihood of erroneous conclusions being drawn about an under trial candidate. Erroneous conclusions are the leading cause of failures i ...
Types of Immunity
Types of Immunity

Platelet-derived CD154 enables T-cell priming and
Platelet-derived CD154 enables T-cell priming and

NK cells and cancer: you can teach innate cells
NK cells and cancer: you can teach innate cells

AGGLUTINATION
AGGLUTINATION

... A serial dilution is simply a series of simple dilutions which amplifies the dilution factor quickly beginning with a small initial quantity of material (i.e., bacterial culture, a chemical, orange juice, etc.). The source of dilution material for each step comes from the diluted material of the pre ...
Characterization of immune cells in psoriatic adipose tissue
Characterization of immune cells in psoriatic adipose tissue

... Background Adipose tissue normally contains immune cells that regulate adipocyte function and contribute to metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Psoriasis is associated with increased risk for metabolic disease, which may in part be due to adipose dysfunction, which has not b ...
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR){alpha
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR){alpha

The effectiveness of a human tyrosinase DNA vaccine in dogs with
The effectiveness of a human tyrosinase DNA vaccine in dogs with

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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