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Ability of basophils to induce naive CD4 + T cells to develop into
Ability of basophils to induce naive CD4 + T cells to develop into

... The enhancing effect of IgE anti-DNP on basophilinduced TH2 cell development was most apparent when basophils were pulsed with low concentrations of DNP-OVA ...
Flagellin from Marinobacter algicola and Vibrio vulnificus activates
Flagellin from Marinobacter algicola and Vibrio vulnificus activates

... al., 1989; Saha et al., 2006; Skountzou et al., 2010; Strindelius et al., 2004; Turley et al., ...
Immune responses to vaccines involving a combined antigen
Immune responses to vaccines involving a combined antigen

... the side effects and safety concerns limit the extent to which they can be used against various pathogens, such as HIV and Hepatitis C. Although subunit vaccines based on protein antigens are usually better tolerated and regarded as safer alternatives to traditional vaccines, they are usually poorly ...
JSAS 2013
JSAS 2013

... Abstract. Since Medawar (1953), much attention has been given to the immunological paradox of the survival and growth of the semi-allogeneic fetus in the maternal uterus. Numerous studies, mainly on the human placenta, have established fundamental mechanisms of this phenomenon; however, many aspects ...
Differentiation of M1
Differentiation of M1

Modeling the Effects of Prior Infection on Vaccine Efficacy
Modeling the Effects of Prior Infection on Vaccine Efficacy

Multiple routes to B-cell memory
Multiple routes to B-cell memory

Sputum Culture
Sputum Culture

... Because Streptococcus pyogenes is the primary case of pharyngitis most laboratories routinely screen throat cultures for this organism. Classically throat swabs plated on 5% sheep Blood agar plates and Columia C.N.A, streak the swab across first quadrant of blood agar plate and using a sterile loop ...
Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells
Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells

... in light of the senescence-specific upregulation of Dcr2—a decoy receptor that acts as a competitive inhibitor of death receptor signaling by death ligands, such as Fas or TRAIL.11,31 Indeed, studies have identified and used high Dcr2 as a robust marker of senescence in tissues (for example, Collado e ...
efek penambahan bakteri probiotik dalam susu
efek penambahan bakteri probiotik dalam susu

... and the use of outcome measures with low sensitivity (influenza-like illness rather than laboratory confirmed influenza) (1). In addition, Goodwin et al. (2006) reported that antibody responses following influenza vaccination are lower in elderly persons than in young adults (6). Furthermore, dimini ...
TISSUE STRUCTURE - Trinity College Dublin
TISSUE STRUCTURE - Trinity College Dublin

... (iii) Relationship  between  structure  and  function.  This  is  most  essential  and  requires  synthetic  and  deductive  skills.  It  requires  bringing  together  knowledge  from  different  fields  of  Anatomy,  Biochemistry  and  Physiology.  Your  ability  to  combine  information  from  the ...
Strengthening the Immune System
Strengthening the Immune System

... infections, oral or vaginal thrush, intestinal gas and mucosal deposits in the nose, lungs and throat. A healthy functioning digestive tract is the body’s main defense against Candida overgrowth. Besides consuming enough beneficial probiotics capable of crowding out pathogens and boosting the immune ...
Pathogenic biofilm - Holistic Family Dentistry Steven N. Green, DDS
Pathogenic biofilm - Holistic Family Dentistry Steven N. Green, DDS

... Advances in molecular biology have provided astonishing insights into microbiological pleomorphic variety, considerably improving our knowledge of the ever-changing morphological, physiological and ecological features of our life partners, who mostly exist as colonial bacterial species in interactiv ...
fmd with viaa test incl.
fmd with viaa test incl.

... mortality reaching 50%. The head and neck may show severe swelling that can extend down to the chest. Swelling of the supraorbital fossae is characteristic and may include conjunctival swelling with petechiae. Paralysis of the oesophagus may result in aspiration pneumonia and sublingual haemorrhages ...
Lethal influenza infection in the absence of the natural killer cell
Lethal influenza infection in the absence of the natural killer cell

... (Fig. 3b), probably because RMA cells express H-2b MHC class I molecules, which are recognized by inhibitory NK cell receptors Figure 3 Reduced clearance of tumor cells in vivo. (a) NCR1-Ig recognizes NK cell targets, as expressed in 129/Sv mice. We obtained simidemonstrated by its binding to variou ...
The high proliferative potential colony assay
The high proliferative potential colony assay

... (Interferon receptor family)  The ligands for these ...
VCLab 5 Spore stain and acid fast stain
VCLab 5 Spore stain and acid fast stain

Streptococcus pneumoniae Responses Without Altered
Streptococcus pneumoniae Responses Without Altered

... The key hormones of the HPA axis have been shown to modulate immune function. Glucocorticoids have profound effects on immune system development and function (7). While generally considered immunosuppressive due to their ability to induce lymphocyte apoptosis and inhibit proinflammatory cytokine pro ...
Lia van der Hoek Hidde Ploegh Theme
Lia van der Hoek Hidde Ploegh Theme

... to an outstanding young researcher at the Netherlands Cancer Institute, in order to promote his or her career. Linnemann’s work focuses on understanding the immune system and stimulating it to destroy cancer cells. This type of cancer therapy, called immunotherapy, has recently known important break ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... cytokines or chemokines in the skin tissue [39]. A recent study demonstrated that ionized gold is recognized by TLR3. Epithelial TLR3 plays a crucial role in the localized irritation reactivity to gold in the skin and mucosa. Therefore, in addition to gold, nickel, copper and mercury salts may activ ...
Th9 Cells: A Novel CD4 T-cell Subset in the Immune War against
Th9 Cells: A Novel CD4 T-cell Subset in the Immune War against

... IL21 was tested in a multicenter phase II study of patients with metastatic melanoma. This treatment gave interesting stigmata of efficacy with an overall response rate of about 25% in the first-line treatment of metastatic melanoma (35). In this respect, because IL1b-induced Th9 cells are able to sec ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... the virus dramatically shifts to 100% infectivity to hospital staff. ...
A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks
A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks

... 4.1. Negative Selection In the biotic or biological immune system T-cells are initially formed in the bone marrow and on maturation they move to the thymus. The phase of T-cell evolution is characterized by expressions provided by T-cell receptors. Whenever the Pre-T-cells and thymus cells interact ...
Immunology, Microbiology and Biotechnology
Immunology, Microbiology and Biotechnology

... Explain the types of immunity? Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defences to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. Immunity involves both specific and non-specific components. The non-specific components act either as barr ...
Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in
Effect of whole wheat feeding on selected immune parameters in

... pathogens which enter the body via the digestive system. These barriers are supported by elements of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). MALT comprises the lymphatic tissue of the lamina propria of mucous membranes in different systems of the body, such as the respiratory and reproductive syst ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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