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Cells Inhibits NK Cell Antitumor Activity GITR Ligand Provided by
Cells Inhibits NK Cell Antitumor Activity GITR Ligand Provided by

... fectively inhibited in the absence of platelets (8–10). Interestingly, concomitant depletion of platelets and NK cells reverts the antimetastatic phenotype of thrombocytopenic mice (11–16). It has thus been proposed that platelets may protect tumor cells from NK-dependent antitumor immunity during t ...
Chronic Dry Eye Disease is Principally Mediated by Effector Memory
Chronic Dry Eye Disease is Principally Mediated by Effector Memory

... (Figure 1c) were consistent with previous findings indicating that there is increased Th1associated IFN-γ8 and Th17-associated IL-17 in the conjunctiva.8,10 However, in chronic DED (day 126), conjunctival IFN-γ returned to near-normal levels, while IL-17 levels remained elevated at a level comparabl ...
Immunology Letters Complement and immune defense: From
Immunology Letters Complement and immune defense: From

Critical Review A role for anti-HSP60 antibodies in arthritis: a critical review
Critical Review A role for anti-HSP60 antibodies in arthritis: a critical review

... identical subunits of relative molecular mass of 58 kDa (GroEL also known as HSP60) assembled as two heptameric rings stacked back to back (green and blue, respectively). (B) Each subunit of HSP60 presents itself with three domains: equatorial, intermediate and apical (not shown). On top of the holl ...
Mini-review Genetically haploidentical stem cell transplantation for
Mini-review Genetically haploidentical stem cell transplantation for

Biology Course Descriptions
Biology Course Descriptions

... sequencing and other aspects of genetic engineering. This course has between one and five components, which will be offered sequentially and which may therefore be taken independently (with consent of instructor). (0-2) Y BIOL 6227 RNA World (2 semester hours) The nature of modern RNA suggests a pr ...
Current Perspective on In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Immune Cells
Current Perspective on In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Immune Cells

... Tumor microenvironments are heterogeneous with a variety of infiltrated cells including macrophages. Macrophages that reside inside or in close proximity to tumors and assist tumor progression are primarily classified as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They facilitate formation of tumors by sec ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa accentuates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the airway
Pseudomonas aeruginosa accentuates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the airway

... informed written consent was obtained from all study patients. ...
Biology Course Descriptions
Biology Course Descriptions

... sequencing and other aspects of genetic engineering. This course has between one and five components, which will be offered sequentially and which may therefore be taken independently (with consent of instructor). (0-2) Y BIOL 6227 RNA World (2 semester hours) The nature of modern RNA suggests a pr ...
Taking Advantage: High-Affinity B Cells in the Germinal Center Have
Taking Advantage: High-Affinity B Cells in the Germinal Center Have

The Injectable-Only Contraceptive
The Injectable-Only Contraceptive

... mechanisms whereby endogenous P4 and synthetic progestins affect pathogen entry and transmission in the FRT are not well understood, but may involve modulation of the immune response both at the systemic level and at the genital mucosa. Understanding the relative effects of MPA vs NET on genital muc ...
Male sex steroids are responsible for depressing - AJP-Cell
Male sex steroids are responsible for depressing - AJP-Cell

Characterization of amoxicillin‐and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells
Characterization of amoxicillin‐and clavulanic acid‐specific T cells

... using proliferation and IFN-c release as markers of Tcell activation. Clones were tested against at least two (0.1 and 1 mM) stimulatory concentrations of the alternative drug antigen (i.e., amoxicillin or clavulanic acid). Well-growing clones were also tested for reactivity against the b-lactam ant ...
Introduction to AIS
Introduction to AIS

... • The immune system responds to danger, rather than non-self • It still fundamentally supports the need for discrimination,but now – There is no need to attack everything foreign – Just attack those things that are dangerous ...
Immunogenicity of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their
Immunogenicity of Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their

... (NKRs). While in an autologous setting, NK cells can kill cells that express low HLA class I molecules; in an allogeneic environment, they can kill cells that express HLA class I that are not recognized by their inhibitory KIRs.61, 62 The importance of the KIR family of NKRs for transplantation and ...
Licentiate thesis from Department of Molecular Biosciences, The
Licentiate thesis from Department of Molecular Biosciences, The

... antigen presenting cells (APC, i.e DC and macrophages), respectively. There are two major subgroups of conventional T cells, namely T (Th) helper cells and T (Tc) cytotoxic cells. They can be distinguished by expression of CD4 and CD8, respectively. Tc cells are involved in cytolytic killing of inf ...
ASTRAGALUS AND IMMUNITY
ASTRAGALUS AND IMMUNITY

Antibodies used for the detection of leukocyte subsets - HAL
Antibodies used for the detection of leukocyte subsets - HAL

... Therefore, we next considered the involvement of a Fas-based mechanism. To test this, we took advantage of the Fas ligand-mutated generalized lymphoproliferative (gld) mice that bear a point mutation in the extracellular domain of Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L) resulting in a dramatic decrease of affinity ...
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,
Licentiate thesis from the Department of Immunology,

... in the stomach and lytic enzymes which all limit invasion of pathogens. In addition, the mucosal surfaces are important in reducing pathogenic invasion through the secretion of antimicrobial peptides. Further, different parts of the immune system perform various effector functions, all together resp ...
Disease spread, susceptibility and infection intensity: vicious circles?
Disease spread, susceptibility and infection intensity: vicious circles?

... Sequential data, obtained by taking repeated samples from the same individuals, show evidence of an important role for host condition in natural parasite-vertebrate systems. Free-ranging field voles with low haematological indicators of condition (red blood cell and lymphocyte levels) were more like ...
The clinical implications of antitumor immunity in head and neck
The clinical implications of antitumor immunity in head and neck

Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses as Live Vaccines . .. 362
Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses as Live Vaccines . .. 362

... proportion of the world's population. However, since smallpox vaccination has been discontinued for 10 years or more, an ever growing population of nonimmune children exists. Vaccination against most infectious diseases is carried out during childhood. Re- ...
1Laboratory of Complement Biology, New York Blood - HAL
1Laboratory of Complement Biology, New York Blood - HAL

... with or without pre-treatment with a viral-like inflammatory stimulus, have a similar rate of alloimmunization compared to wild type animals, concluding that perhaps expression of other modifying genes besides HbS may be responsible for enhanced RBC alloimmunization in SCD.52 Extrapolating these dat ...
Persistence of Mycoplasmal Infections and Various Clinical Conditions
Persistence of Mycoplasmal Infections and Various Clinical Conditions

... IL-1 and TNF, which are known effectors for virus reproduction. In addition, oligosaccharides of the mycoplasmal glycocalyx may protect bound HIV-1 virons from host immune responses. Antigen similarities between the surface components of mycoplasmas and HIV-1 have led to speculation that they use s ...
Complement
Complement

... Discovered in 1894 by Bordet It represents lytic activity of fresh serum Its lytic activity destroyed when heated at 56C for 30 min ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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