• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Programação detalhada
Programação detalhada

... are the first cells to differentiate from the embryo, and ultimately form the fetal component of the placenta. Trophoblast cells are the only cells derived from the blastocyst that are in direct contact with maternal blood, and therefore play an essential role in protecting the fetus from attack fro ...
Are Targeted by NK Cells Hematopoietic Progenitors Express H60
Are Targeted by NK Cells Hematopoietic Progenitors Express H60

... studies are unclear. It is possible that inflammation post transplantation could have led to the up-regulation of MHC Ags on ES cells and increased their immunogenicity. Indeed, IFN-␥, a key inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to increase the expression of MHC class I on ES and EB cells (10, 12, 1 ...
Graduate Programs and Faculty Research Interests
Graduate Programs and Faculty Research Interests

Immune response to human papillomavirus after
Immune response to human papillomavirus after

... persistent HPV-16 or -18 infection is high (odds ratio of 169 for HPV-16/18) [14]. Therefore, in order to provide strong and sustained protection against incident and persistent infections with HPV-16 and -18 and associated precancerous lesions, prophylactic HPV vaccination needs to improve on natur ...
Regulatory T cells
Regulatory T cells

... Bifurcation diagrams, with the number of APCs, show also a similar structure to those obtained with the original cross-regulation model. ...
SERIES ‘‘MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN LUNG HEALTH AND DISEASE’’ Edited by J. Mu
SERIES ‘‘MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN LUNG HEALTH AND DISEASE’’ Edited by J. Mu

... resulting in disseminated miliary infection or TB meningitis, but these disease manifestations cause death of the host without transmission of Mtb. Mtb can only transmit when there is reactivation of infection in the lung, which usually occurs at the apices or in the apical segments of the lower lob ...
Practical Hematology Leukocytosis
Practical Hematology Leukocytosis

... • Streptococcus, Staphylococcus spp. Allergy/asthma Immune mediated disease • Hypereosinophilic syndrome • Eosinophilic granuloma Mast Cell Tumor Other neoplasia • Lymphoma • Mucinous carcinoma Canine estrus ...
The vitamin D receptor and T cell function
The vitamin D receptor and T cell function

... between VDR expression and T cell effector function. In the iNKT cell study performed by Cantorna and coworkers, a reduction of at least fifty percent in iNKT cells that produced the effector cytokine IL-4 and IFN-γ was observed in multiple organs (Yu and Cantorna, 2008). However, as iNKT cells most ...
Leukocytosis - PowerPoint
Leukocytosis - PowerPoint

... • Pruritus, lymphadenopathy ...
African trypanosomiasis vaccine II 15-9-2012
African trypanosomiasis vaccine II 15-9-2012

... cultures from these mice. They measured the proliferative response to VSG. They found that the proliferation index increased 3-fold, when they incorporated NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. These results indicated an NO-mediated suppression of response of VSG-sp ...
Exploring S-Shaped Growth
Exploring S-Shaped Growth

1 ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY AND THE ROLE OF IMMUNUNE
1 ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY AND THE ROLE OF IMMUNUNE

... most tumors express class I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) antigens and not MHC class II antigens. This characteristic is significant because CTLs recognize peptide antigens presented by tumors on MHC class I molecules. If certain antigens are presented to CTLs on MHC I, then CTLs will direc ...
Artificial Immune Systems: An Emerging Technology
Artificial Immune Systems: An Emerging Technology

... Immune system needs to be able to differentiate between self and non-self cells Antigenic encounters may result in cell death, therefore Some kind of positive selection Some element of negative selection ...
High Level Expression of HLA-A*0203
High Level Expression of HLA-A*0203

... mixing the biotinylated monomer with streptavidin-PE at a ratio of 4:1. Flow cytometry showed that this tetramer could specifically react with antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, indicating that it was biologically functional. These results provide a foundation for further characterization of antigen-spe ...
Immunotolerance against a foreign antigen transgenically
Immunotolerance against a foreign antigen transgenically

... same species ("allogeneic"). Thus, mice1 and rabbits2 immunized with allogeneic crystallins did not develop any T-cell response, and only low levels of antibodies were produced. Conversely, immunization of these animals with crystallins from other species ("xenogeneic") stimulated vigorous responses ...
Bioassay-Validated Recombinant Cytokines
Bioassay-Validated Recombinant Cytokines

... is secreted primarily by activated NK cells and T cells. Originally characterized based on anti-viral activities, IFN-γ also exerts antiproliferative, immunoregulatory, and proinflammatory activities. IFN-γ can upregulate MHC class I and II antigen expression by antigen-presenting cells. ...
Nucleic Acids - Farmasi Unand
Nucleic Acids - Farmasi Unand

... where they terminate its formation. Termination occurs because the drug residues do not have the 3-hydroxy group necessary for the phosphate ester formation required for further growth of the nucleic acid chain. prof. aza ...
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT

... their surroundings which initiates several different pathways. They can directly destroy microbes, or present antigen to alert the adaptive immune system. First, however, these cells must be able to distinguish self from non-self. The innate im- ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology CH056
Altered & Disordered Physiology CH056

... • HCV appears to be highly resistant to the antiviral effects of ds-RNA. • Mechanisms involved:– A) The NS3/4A serine protease blocks the effector action of IRF3 (a transcription factor needed for the production of IFN) – B) HCV E2 acts as a decoy receptor for PKR (a protein kinase which inhibits pr ...


... HLA class I molecules are single-chain integral glycoproteins of about 45 kDa noncovalently associated with the β2-microglobulin, while class II molecules consist of a heterodimeric integral glycoprotein composed of tightly but noncovalently linked α- and β-glycoprotein chains of about 30 kDa each. ...
Complement-mediated “bystander” damage initiates host NLRP3
Complement-mediated “bystander” damage initiates host NLRP3

... phagocytosed in the presence or absence of serum (Figure 1A), but only serum-opsonized zymosan induced robust release of IL-1β from macrophages (Figure 1B). As a control for these studies, latex beads, which do not activate complement (Supplemental Figure 1A), were added to macrophages. These beads ...
The Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c
The Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c

Molecular Imagaing Annual Report
Molecular Imagaing Annual Report

... outreach and industry linkage opportunities. The Committee also annually reviews the research, education and outreach programs as well as industry linkages and commercialisation outcomes of the Centre and conveys its findings to the Governing Board for consideration and action. The Centre Executive ...
Vaginal Commensal Bacteria
Vaginal Commensal Bacteria

The human liver contains multiple populations of NK cells, T cells
The human liver contains multiple populations of NK cells, T cells

... CD16, CD56, CD69, CD161 (NKR-P1A), and/or killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR)6 for MHC class I (11–14). These include a human NKT cell population that coexpresses CD161 and a TCR that is structurally homologous to the murine Va14Ja281 TCR chain, Va24-JaQ (8), which, like their murine Va14Ja281 T ...
< 1 ... 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report