• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
bacteria engage in a hazardous hide-and
bacteria engage in a hazardous hide-and

... the inside of human cells and thus evade the immune system until it stops its defence. "Until now it was thought that streptococci penetrate into epithelial cells, which is the external layer of cells, and survive in these cells," says Prof Manfred Rohde, head of the Central Microscopy Unit at the H ...
Course Code Course Title ECTS Credits PHAR
Course Code Course Title ECTS Credits PHAR

... chronic inflammation, transplantation, allergy and vaccination. In addition, many drugs act either as immunosuppressants or immunomodulators, it is therefore crucial for the Pharmacy students to have a general but good knowledge of the function of immune system and the central principles of immunolo ...
Third Line Immunity
Third Line Immunity

Causes of Autoimmune Diseases
Causes of Autoimmune Diseases

... donor but unfortunately this is not available except from an identical twin and 1:4 of brothers or sisters. 2- When the donor is not compatible we should use immunosuppression like high doses of prednisolone or cytotoxic therapy. Both cause non-specific immunosuppression and the patient may suffer f ...
cell - immunology.unideb.hu
cell - immunology.unideb.hu

... Antibodies are natural products that appear on the cell surface as receptors and selectively react with the antigen Lymphocyte receptors are variable and carry various antigen-recognizing receptors ‘Non-self’ antigens/pathogens encounter the existing lymphocyte pool (repertoire) Antigens select thei ...
Presentation
Presentation

... Neutrophils (and monocytes) are recruited by complement products (generated by the classical pathway) and binding to Fc tails of deposited antibodies, and are activated. Leukocyte recruitment and activation are part of inflammation. ...
Plants and Pollinators
Plants and Pollinators

... Usually a protein or large molecule Little 3-D shapes that antibodies can recognize. ...
Dietrich Conze, Ph.D.
Dietrich Conze, Ph.D.

... Dr. Conze’s goal is to provide clients with a clear understanding of the science that is appropriate to use in demonstrating the safety and/or efficacy of their products. He is responsible for supporting the regulatory and scientific needs of his clients. Dr. Conze received his Ph.D. from the Cell a ...
Lecture 15 - Adaptive Immunity Day 1 2 slides per page
Lecture 15 - Adaptive Immunity Day 1 2 slides per page

... What promotes an immune response? • Antigens – Usually proteins or polysaccharides – Foreign substance with MW of greater than 10,000 daltons – Examples of antigens: bacterial capsules, cellll walls, ll fl flagella, ll toxins i off b bacteria i ...
Microbial Infection
Microbial Infection

Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease - CCIS
Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease - CCIS

... leads to an attack on myelin via a process called molecular mimicry. Relapses in MS are often triggered by common viral infections. Viruses such as herpesvirus 6, influenza, measles, papilloma virus and Epstein-Barr Virus all have genes encoding sequences that mimic those found in the major structur ...
Specific Defenses: Immunity
Specific Defenses: Immunity

... • Genetically determined • Present at birth • Acquired immunity • Active • Follows exposure to antigen • Passive • From transfer of antibodies from outside source Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Immunity
Immunity

... • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is introduced, only a small # of B-cells can bind to it and ...
The Immune Response - Point Pleasant Beach School District
The Immune Response - Point Pleasant Beach School District

... • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is introduced, only a small # of B-cells can bind to it and ...


... Development of lymphocytes in the thymus ...
Functions of the Immune System
Functions of the Immune System

... bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells of the immune system causing it to progressively fail, which leaves the body at risk for developing many life-threating opportunistic infections ...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs of the Immune System
Secondary Lymphoid Organs of the Immune System

... patches of the gut, and appendix. The secondary lymphoid organs are where mature T and B cells have the opportunity to bind antigen and undergo further antigen dependent differentiation. The active immune response both cell mediated and humoral immunity begins. All of the secondary lymphoid organs a ...
Lymphocytes - Spark (e
Lymphocytes - Spark (e

... They are also called natural killers because they are produced during the pregnancy. NK cells are a part of the innate immune system and play a important role in defending the host from both tumors and virally infected cells. They are used to produce cytokines. These are a broad and loose category o ...
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases

... 1. Certain radiation or chemical drugs can kill the cancer cells or slow their growth. 4. AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. a. HIV affects the immune system itself. b. It uses the helper T Cells to produce more viruses, destroying the T Cells in ...
Immunology (B)
Immunology (B)

... 15. Central tolerance takes place in A. lymph nodes B. thymus C. spleen D. liver E. pancreas 16. A major transfusion reaction may occur if the recipient A. has antibodies to transfused cells B. has T cells reactive to blood group antigens C. is RhD compatible E. is AB positive 17. Mast cell products ...
Recombinant Human LIF (Carrier-free) - Data Sheets
Recombinant Human LIF (Carrier-free) - Data Sheets

... Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, based on its helical structure. LIF expression has been observed in various tissues including thymus, lung, and neuronal tissue. Expression has also been reported in T cells, monocytes, astrocytes, osteoblasts, keratinocyt ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Ag processed For MHC presentation ...
Immunity
Immunity

... any injurious stress is called immune system Te stress may be intrinsic (inside of the body) or extrinsic (out side of the body) Antigen: is any substance that elicits an immune response, from a virus to a sliver. Antibody: Proteins secreted by the Lymphocytes in response to antigen ...
Matching - use the key below to answer questions 1
Matching - use the key below to answer questions 1

... 2. What is the difference between a B & a T cell. B cells mark foreign cells, T cells destroy them. 3. Describe the different types of B and T cells. Memory cells: provides future immunity after first exposure Plasma cells: increases antibodies released into the blood Cytotoxic T cells: kill foreign ...
The Case of the Virulent Virus
The Case of the Virulent Virus

... downside was the hordes of of mosquitos that plagued them at dusk as they relaxed near their fire. Nan covered herself with mosquito repellent and a long-sleeved shirt and jeans, but Ned stubbornly refused the repellent and sat watching the last of the sunset in his T-shirt and walking shorts. For o ...
< 1 ... 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report